Managing Organizational Diversity: Trends and Challenges in Management and Engineering PDF
Preview Managing Organizational Diversity: Trends and Challenges in Management and Engineering
Carolina Machado · J. Paulo Davim Editors Managing Organizational Diversity Trends and Challenges in Management and Engineering Managing Organizational Diversity Carolina Machado J. Paulo Davim (cid:129) Editors Managing Organizational Diversity Trends and Challenges in Management and Engineering 123 Editors Carolina Machado J.PauloDavim Schoolof Economics andManagement Department ofMechanical Engineering University of Minho University of Aveiro Braga Aveiro Portugal Portugal ISBN978-3-319-54923-1 ISBN978-3-319-54925-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54925-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017933070 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Managing Organizational Diversity—Trends and Challenges in Management and Engineering covers the issues of organizational diversity in nowadays organiza- tions.Markets,dayafterday,arechangingmoreandquickerthanever.Alloverthe world academics as well as practitioners are seeking to understand how organiza- tions manage and/or can manage the diversity of knowledge, skills, people, workforce, cultures, and approaches that they are facing day after day, in order to obtain more effective competitive advantages. They are anxious to know what trendsandchallengestheyneedtodealwithinordertobecomecompetitiveandact in a pro-active way. Nowadays, greater than ever before, the need to manage this diversity is one of the main aims of organizational management. Successful orga- nizations are those which understand the importance of all their assets, namely, financial, physical, material, human, and intellectual. The management of all of them is of critical relevance to the organization. Consciousoftheimportanceoftheseissues,andinordertoanswertheconcerns expressedbymanyacademics,aswellasexecutivesandmanagers,thisbooklooks to help these professionals to understand and implement in their organizations effective strategies, policies, and practices of how to manage organizational diversity. It looks to show what are the different trends and challenges that orga- nizations are facing in the way how they manage and/or need to manage their organizational diversity. Lookingtocommunicatetherecentdevelopmentsandthinkinginwhatconcerns the latest research activity relating to organizational diversity management world-wide,thepresentbookprovidesdiscussionandtheexchangeofinformation onprinciples,strategies,models,techniques,methodologies,andapplicationsofthe organizationaldiversitymanagement,trendsandchallenges,inthefieldofindustry, commerce and services. Following these concerns, this book provides, in seven chapters, a channel of com- munication to disseminate, among academics/researchers, managers and engineers, the wayhoworganizationsaredevelopinginordertomaximizeandincreasetheaddvalue thattheycanobtainfromtheirorganizationaldiversityandthewayhowthisdiversityis managed. More precisely, Chap. 1 discusses “Inclusion: Diversity Management 2.0”; v vi Preface Chap. 2 contains information about “Hard Times, Less Compassion? Distinct Perspectives Towards Distinct Minorities in the Portuguese Organizational Context”; Chap. 3 covers “Cultural Complexity in Large Organisations”, Chap. 4 describes “Employee and Human Resource Managers Perceptions About Family-Friendly Work Practices: A Case Study Focused on Perceived Organizational Support”, Chap. 5 focuses on “Workforce Diversity in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Is Social IdentificationStrongerThantheBusinessCaseArgument?”,Chap.6givesinformation about “Gender and Entrepreneurship in Angola: Narratives of the ‘Muambeiras’ of Lubango”,finally,inChap.7“ExpatriateWomen:ADreamWaitingtoComeTrue”is presented. These theoretical and practical contributions will lead to an upper level of knowledge of these functional managerial and business subjects, at the same time that it will contribute to the acquisition of new conceptual skills able to answer to the challenges and changes set by the competitive business environment in which organizations are involved. TheEditorsacknowledgetheirgratitudetoSpringerforthisopportunityandfor theirprofessionalsupport.Finally,wewouldliketothanktoallchapterauthorsfor their interest and availability to work on this project. Braga, Portugal Carolina Machado Aveiro, Portugal J. Paulo Davim Contents Inclusion: Diversity Management 2.0.... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1 Deirdre O’Donovan Hard Times, Less Compassion? Distinct Perspectives Towards Distinct Minorities in the Portuguese Organizational Context..... .... 29 Iris Barbosa Cultural Complexity in Large Organisations . .... .... .... ..... .... 49 Nick G. Chandler Employee and Human Resource Managers Perceptions About Family-Friendly Work Practices: A Case Study Focused on Perceived Organizational Support ... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67 Sandra Amorim and Gina Gaio Santos Workforce Diversity in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Is Social Identification Stronger Than the Business Case Argument?. .... 95 David Starr-Glass Gender and Entrepreneurship in Angola: Narratives of the ‘Muambeiras’ of Lubango... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 119 Evanice Nadya and Emilia Fernandes Expatriate Women: A Dream Waiting to Come True .. .... ..... .... 135 Claudia Carvalho and Carolina Feliciana Machado Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 153 vii Editors and Contributors About the Editors Carolina Machado received her Ph.D. degree in Management Sciences (Organizational and PoliticsManagementarea/HumanResourcesManagement)fromtheUniversityofMinhoin1999, and Master degree in Management (Strategic Human Resource Management) from Technical UniversityofLisbonin1994.TeachingintheHumanResourcesManagementsubjectssince1989 atUniversityofMinho,shehasbeenAssociateProfessorsince2004,withexperienceandresearch interest areas in the field of human resource management, international human resource man- agement,humanresourcemanagementinSMEs,traininganddevelopment,managementchange, and knowledge management. She is Head of Human Resources Management Work Group at UniversityofMinho,aswellasChiefEditoroftheInternationalJournalofAppliedManagement SciencesandEngineering(IJAMSE). J. Paulo Davim received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 1997, M.Sc. degree in Mechanical Engineering (materials and manufacturing processes) in 1991, DipEng Graduate (5 years) in Mechanical Engineering in 1986,from theUniversity ofPorto (FEUP), theAggregate titlefromtheUniversityofCoimbrain2005andaD.Sc.fromLondonMetropolitanUniversityin 2013. He is Eur Ing by FEANI-Brussels and Senior Chartered Engineer by the Portuguese Institution of Engineers with a MBA and Specialist title in Engineering and Industrial Management. Currently, he is Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Aveiro. He has more than 30 years of teaching and research experience in manu- facturing,materialsandmechanicalengineeringwithaspecialemphasisinmachining&tribology. Recently, he has also interest in management/industrial engineering and higher education for sustainability/engineeringeducation.Hehasreceivedseveralscientificawards.Hehasworkedas evaluator of projects for international research agencies as well as examiner of Ph.D. thesis for many universities. He is the Editor in Chief of several international journals, guest editor of journals, books editor, book series editor and scientific advisory for many international journals andconferences.Presently,heisaneditorialboardmemberof30internationaljournalsandactsas reviewerformorethan80prestigiousWebofSciencejournals.Inaddition,hehasalsopublished aseditor(andco-editor)morethan80booksandasauthor(andco-author)morethan10books,60 book chapters and 400 articles in journals and conferences (more than 200 articles in journals indexedinWebofScience/h-index36+andSCOPUS/h-index45+). ix x EditorsandContributors Contributors Sandra Amorim Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Iris Barbosa Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Claudia Carvalho Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Nick G. Chandler Budapest Business School, Budapest, Hungary Emilia Fernandes Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Carolina Feliciana Machado Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Evanice Nadya Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Deirdre O’Donovan Department of Organisational and Professional Development, School of Business, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland Gina Gaio Santos Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal David Starr-Glass University of New York in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; EmpireStateCollege,StateUniversityofNewYork,SaratogaSprings,NY,USA; Jerusalem, Israel Inclusion: Diversity Management 2.0 Deirdre O’Donovan Abstract This chapter discusses the concept of inclusion, and proposes that organisations should move beyond traditional diversity management initiatives towards inclusion. It is not suggested that organisations skip over diversity man- agement. Instead, it is suggested that they begin with diversity management and movetowardsinclusion,which,asthetitleofthischaptersuggests,canarguablybe considered Diversity Management 2.0. This chapter begins by defining and explainingtheconceptofdiversityanddiversitymanagement,beforepresentingan argument for inclusion and outlining how organisations may begin their inclu- sionary efforts. Diversity: What Is It? Diversity is not a new phenomenon, rather has always been present in societies. Any two people are diverse from each other, no matter how similar they may appear.Giventhatdiversityhasalwaysbeenpresentinsocieties,itisarguablethat diversityhasalsoalwaysbeenpresentinorganisations[1].Anapparentincreasein diversityinworkforcestodaymaybeattributabletoanumberoffactors,including, for example, globalisation, anti-discrimination legislation and changes in demo- graphics[2–8].Regardlessofthereasonforitspresence,andorganisationalinterest intheconcept,inordertobetterunderstandwhatdiversitymeansfororganisations, the concept must first be understood. Although ever-present, defining diversity is difficult. First, difficulties lie in the factthatdiversityconcernsbothvisibleandinvisiblecharacteristics[8,9],andcan be considered subjective, meaning it is created by individuals who characterise othersassimilar or dissimilar to themselves[10]. Diversity can also be considered context dependant, as individuals cannot be defined as “different” in isolation, D.O’Donovan(&) DepartmentofOrganisationalandProfessionalDevelopment,SchoolofBusiness, CorkInstituteofTechnology,RossaAvenue,Bishopstown,Cork,Ireland e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 1 C.MachadoandJ.P.Davim(eds.),ManagingOrganizationalDiversity, DOI10.1007/978-3-319-54925-5_1
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