Table Of ContentManaging Business and
Service Networks
NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
Series Editor: Manu Malek
LucentTechnologies, Bell Laboratories
Holmdel, NewJersey
ACTIVE NETWORKS AND ACTIVE NETWORK
MANAGEMENT: A Proactive Management Framework
Stephen F. Bush and Amit B. Kulkarni
BASIC CONCEPTS FOR MANAGING
TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS: Copper to Sand to
Glass to Air
Lawrence Bernstein and C. M. Yuhas
COOPERATIVEMANAGEMENTOFENTERPRISENETWORKS
Pradeep Ray
MANAGING BUSINESS AND SERVICE NETWORKS
Lundy Lewis
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each
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Managing Business and
Service Networks
Lundy Lewis
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
eBookISBN: 0-306-46980-4
Print ISBN: 0-306-46559-0
©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
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No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
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Created in the United States of America
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For Mom and Dad
Preface
Most everything in our experience requires management in some form or
other: our gardens, our automobiles, our minds, our bodies, our love lives,
our businesses, our forests, our countries, etc.
Sometimes we don’t call it “management” per se. We seldom talk about
managing our minds or automobiles. But if we think of management in terms
of monitoring, maintaining, and cultivating with respect to some goal, then it
makes sense. We certainly monitor an automobile, albeit unconsciously, to
make sure that it doesn’t exhibit signs of trouble. And we certainly try to
cultivate our minds.
This book is about managing networks. That itself is not a new concept.
We’ve been managing the networks that support our telephones for about
100 years, and we’ve been managing the networks that support our
computers for about 20 years.
What is new (and what motivated me to write this book) is the following:
(i) the enormous advancements in networking technology as we transition
from the 20th century to the 21st century, (ii) the increasing dependence of
human activities on networking technology, and (iii) the commercialization
of services that depend on networking technology (e.g., email and electronic
commerce).
A multi-wave optical network is an example of new networking
technology for the 21st century. Imagine that you drop a pebble into the edge
of a still pool of water and observe the successive waves as they reach the
other side. Now imagine that you drop 10 pebbles along the edge of the pool
and observe 10 sets of successive crisscrossed waves as they reach the other
side. The latter experiment is analogous to multi-wave optical networking,
and it affords a tremendous increase in the speed and bulk of the
transmission of information.
Now, much in the same way that a garden might become puny if it isn’t
properly attended to, a network will get puny if it isn’t properly managed.
And as a garden flourishing in the spring needs extra special attention,
networks in the 21st century require extra special management
considerations, e.g. managing diverse kinds of interconnected networks in a
sort of holistic style, managing the stress placed on networks by increased
usage, and plain old monitoring, maintenance, and cultivation. It isn’t easy.
That’s what this book is about. We discuss good principles and practices
in network management, we examine three contemporary case studies, and
we prescribe methods and studies for managing 21st century networks.
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To the Reader
The book is suitable for several types of readers: network operators, business
executives, students, college instructors, developers of networking
technology, and researchers and scientists.
Each chapter is followed by a set of exercises and discussion questions.
Some questions are intended to induce analytical thinking and speculation,
i.e. they don’t have clear answers. Others are research questions, i.e. their
answers exist but the reader has to delve into the literature to find them.
Finally, others are hands-on exercises that require a network, a lab, and a
suite of network management tools.
The casual reader may find it useful to simply skim through the
exercises. The instructor will probably want to select certain exercises as
homework assignments or the basis for a course project.
The hands-on exercises are supported by a popular network management
system named Spectrum, offered by Aprisma Management Technologies in
the USA. Instructors and researchers are invited to obtain a copy of
Spectrum to support those exercises. Qualifications and instructions for
doing so are provided in the next section.
Acknowledgements
First acknowledgement goes to Dorothy Minior. She was the first reader of
each chapter as the manuscript unfolded. She made sure that the logic and
articulation of the concepts in the chapters were in good shape. Thanks
Dottie. Thanks for everything.
Several people reviewed the first draft of the manuscript before I sent it
to the publisher for an official review. They are Alex Clemm (Cisco
Systems), Manu Malek (Lucent Technologies), and Utpal Datta (Nortel
Networks). Teresa Cleary, Mahesh Bhatia, Eric Stinson, and Russell
Arrowsmith (all at Aprisma Management Technologies) and David St. Onge
(Enterprise Management Associates) also reviewed the first draft of the
manuscript. All of them gave me useful comments and criticisms that
unquestionably improved the book.
Special thanks go to Russell Arrowsmith for making one last pass over
the final manuscript. Besides being a first-rate computer scientist, Russ is
quite meticulous about grammar and semantics.
There are several other people at Aprisma who helped me find
companies for the case study chapters and generally offered encouragement
and support while I was writing the book. They are Michael Skubisz,
Katrinka McCallum, Chris Crowell, Ted Hebert, Darren Orzechowski, Ed
Preston, and Lara Willard. It is rather hard writing a book, but these people
helped me to keep going. Thanks to all of you.
I spent a good amount of time working with individuals at the companies
represented in the three case study chapters, and I give them a big round of
appreciation for their help. They are Frank Toth and Tony Gillespie (Camp
LeJeune Marine Corps); Bruce Dyke and Chris Oliver (Vitts Networks); and
Chris Caswell and Mark Johnson (North Carolina Network Initiative).
Parts of Chapter 2 were adapted from my previous book. I thank Artech
House for giving me permission to use some of that material.
At Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, I thank Tom Cohn, Anna
Bozicevic, and Brian Halm. The official reviewers greatly improved the
content of the book. Thank you all: Salah Aidarous (NEC America), Gopal
Iyengar (Nortel Technologies), Jong-Tae Park (Kyungpook National
University, Korea), Reza Peyrovian (AT&T), and Rene Wies (BMW Group).
Finally, I promised to mention the names of my siblings somewhere in
the book, and this is probably the best place. I adore my siblings; they are
Donna Day, Steve Lewis, and Joey Lewis. While I’m at it, I should mention
my Mother and Father: Gladys Lewis and Lundy Lewis. I adore them too.
xi
Getting a Spectrum Academic License
Aprisma Management Technologies offers copies of the Spectrum
Management System to support this book and also to support education and
research.
There are two kinds of Spectrum licenses that one may obtain towards
these ends:
• Spectrum Academic License – intended for college instructors who wish
to use Spectrum as a vehicle for teaching, research, or to support their
students’ graduate projects.
• Spectrum Research License – intended for industry research labs who
wish to extend Spectrum into new spaces in collaboration with
Aprisma’s research department.
The primary qualification for obtaining a Spectrum Academic or
Research License is that it not be used for commercial or production
purposes.
In addition, Aprisma offers a University Fellowship Program whereby
professors and students are given annual stipends to perform innovative
research in network management. The Spectrum Academic License is
included in the stipend.
Finally, Aprisma offers a cooperative development program in which
students integrate part-time work with their normal university studies.
The case study in Chapter 6 is a good example of issuing both academic
and research licenses for a project on managing next generation GigaPoP
networks. The reader may wish to look over that chapter before making a
decision to commit to an agreement with Aprisma.
For further information on these opportunities, the reader should visit
Aprisma’s web site at www.aprisma.com.
xiii
Contents
Part I Introduction to Network Management 1
1. Introduction to the Management of Business and Service Networks 3
1.1 What are Business and Service Networks? 4
1.2 What is Network Management? 6
1.3 What is Integrated Network Management? 8
1.4 The Evolution of Network Management 10
1.5 A Guide to Standards in Network Management 18
1.6 Agenda for the Rest ofthe Book 28
Chapter Summary 30
Exercises and Discussion Questions 31
Further Studies 32
References 33
2. Architecture and Design of Integrated Management Systems 35
2.1 Requirements for Integrated Management Systems 36
2.2 Integrated Management is like Software Engineering 47
2.3 Architecture and Design of Software Systems 50
2.4 Patterns of Integrated Management 56
2.5 Implementation Challenges 62
Chapter Summary 64
Exercises and Discussion Questions 64
Further Studies 65
References 66
3. Introduction to the Spectrum Management System 69
3.1 History of Spectrum 70
3.2 The Spectrum Perspective on Network Management 76
3.3 Event Correlation in Spectrum and Other Applications 80
3.4 Integrating Management Applications with Spectrum 96
Chapter Summary 103
Exercises and Discussion Questions 104
Further Studies 105
References 105
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