Managing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure PDF
Preview Managing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page i Managing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page ii 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page iii Managing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Editors Christopher M. O’Connor MD, FACP, FACC Professor of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, USA Wendy Gattis Stough PharmD Assistant Clinical Professor in Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, USA Mihai Gheorghiade MD, FACC Professor of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, USA Kirkwood F. Adams Jr. MD Associate Professor of Medicine and Radiology The University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page iv © 2005 Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group First published in the United Kingdom in 2005 by Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Tel.: +44 (0)20 7017 6000 Fax.: +44 (0)20 7017 6699 E-mail: [email protected] Website:http://www.tandf.co.uk/medicine All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Data available on application ISBN 1 84184 374 1 ISBN 978-1-84184-374-2 Distributed in North and South America by Taylor & Francis 2000 NW Corporate Blvd Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Within Continental USA Tel: 800 272 7737; Fax: 800 374 3401 Outside Continental USA Tel: 561 994 0555; Fax: 561 361 6018 E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in the rest of the world by Thomson Publishing Services Cheriton House North Way Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, UK Tel.: +44 (0)1264 332424 E-mail: [email protected] Composition by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI, Bath 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page v Contents Acknowledgement ix Contributors xi Foreword xix Robert M Califf, Robert O Bonow Color plate section Part I: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology 1 The history of acute heart failure management: how far have we come? 3 Hector O Ventura, Mandeep R Mehra 2 Acute heart failure: nomenclature, pathophysiology, and outcome measures 19 Gadi Cotter, Wendy Gattis Stough, G Michael Felker, Eric J Velazquez, Adrian F Hernandez Joseph G Rogers, Mihai Gheorghiade, Kirkwood F Adams, Jr, Christopher M O’Connor 3 Clinical profile of the acute heart failure patient 39 Gregg C Fonarow, Kirkwood F Adams, Jr 4 Sex-related differences in heart failure 53 Jalal K Ghali 5 Heart failure in the elderly 71 Jalal K Ghali, Dalane W Kitzman 6 Pathophysiology of the spectrum of acute heart failure: de novo heart failure, 87 decompensated heart failure, and advanced refractory heart failure Gary S Francis, W H Wilson Tang, Kirkwood F Adams, Jr 7 Diastolic heart failure: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment 95 Michael R Zile, Carson S Webb, Catalin F Baicu 8 Pathophysiology of the cardiorenal syndrome in acute heart failure 113 Guido Boerrigter, John C Burnett, Jr Part II: Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Acute Heart Failure Patient 9 Evaluation of the acute heart failure patient: assessment of dyspnea and 127 other physical examination parameters John R Teerlink, Mark H Drazner v 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page vi Contents 10 Biologic markers in acute heart failure 151 G Michael Felker, Adrian F Hernandez, Alan Maisel 11 Noninvasive diagnostic evaluation of the acute heart failure patient with 165 systolic dysfunction: focus on the electrocardiogram and chest x-ray Jason N Katz, Robert C Kowal, Mark H Drazner 12 Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring of the acute heart failure patient 179 Clyde Yancy Part III: Comorbidities in the Acute Heart Failure Patient 13 Arrhythmias in acute heart failure 193 William G Stevenson 14 Mechanical complications of acute decompensated heart failure 209 William B Haynos, Ron M Oren 15 Cardiogenic shock 221 Gadi Cotter, Olga Milo-Cotter, Edo Kaluski 16 Hypertension in acute decompensated heart failure 241 Alan B Miller, Jun R Chiong 17 Psychiatric and psychosocial risks in acutely decompensated chronic heart 253 failure patients Wei Jiang, Christopher M O’Connor, Ranga R Krishnan 18 Anemia in acute and chronic heart failure 273 G Michael Felker, Kirkwood F Adams, Jr 19 Acute pulmonary embolism 285 Victor F Tapson 20 The role of myocardial ischemia in acute decompensated heart failure: 301 diagnostic and management considerations Jamieson M Bourque, Eric J Velazquez, Christopher M O’Connor Part IV: Treatment Strategies 21 Treatment of acute heart failure in patients with preserved systolic function 325 Marvin W Kronenberg 22 Inotropes and other new therapies for acute heart failure 339 G Michael Felker, Mihai Gheorghiade vi 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page vii Contents 23 Diuretics and newer therapies for sodium and edema management in 349 decompensated heart failure Robert J Cody 24 Contemporary aspects of intravenous vasodilator therapy with nesiritide or 361 nitrates in acute heart failure Kirkwood F Adams, Jr 25 Pacing therapy for acute decompensated heart failure 371 Aysha Arshad, Shahriar Iravanian, Jonathan S Steinberg 26 Implantable cardioverter defibrillators and biventricular devices in 387 acute heart failure Sana M Al-Khatib 27 Intraaortic balloon pumps in acute heart failure 403 David Bragin-Sánchez, Patricia P Chang, E Magnus Ohman 28 Ultrafiltration as a therapy for acute heart failure 415 Jonathan D Sackner-Bernstein, Maurizio Porcu, Rimbida Obeleniene 29 Mechanical circulatory support for acute heart failure 429 Ashish S Shah, Carmelo A Milano 30 Left ventricular reconstruction for ischemic failing ventricle 443 Vincent Dor 31 The Acorn Cardiac Support Device as a therapy for heart failure 453 Hani N Sabbah, Elaine J Tanhehco, Victor G Sharov, Robert Brewer, Norman A Silverman 32 The role of continuous positive airway pressure in the management of 461 decompensated heart failure complicated by acute pulmonary edema Michael D Faulx, Mark E Dunlap 33 Exercise training in advanced heart failure: a need for more data 469 Ileana L Piña, David J Whellan, Christopher M O’Connor 34 Calcium sensitizers in acute heart failure 479 John G F Cleland, Krishna M Lalukota, Anne-Marie Seymour 35 Vasopressin antagonists 497 Cesare Orlandi, Wendy Gattis Stough, Christopher M O’Connor, Kirkwood F Adams, Jr, Mihai Gheorghiade 36 Endothelin receptor antagonists in the treatment of acute heart failure 503 John R Teerlink, Christopher M O’Connor vii 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page viii Contents Part V: Issues in the Management of Acute Heart Failure 37 Advanced nursing aspects of acute heart failure 523 Laura H Gaulden, Jana Glotzer 38 The role of the pharmacist in caring for patients with acute heart failure 529 Wendy Gattis Stough, J Herbert Patterson 39 Economics and quality of life in the advanced heart failure patient 535 David J Whellan, Jonathan E E Yager, Joëlle Y Friedman, Kevin A Schulman 40 Disease management in the advanced heart failure patient 555 David J Whellan 41 End-of-life care in the acute heart failure patient 569 Cheryl H Zambroski, Lynn P Roser, Debra K Moser viii 00-OConnor-Pre-cpp 29/7/05 11:26 AM Page ix Acknowledgement The editors acknowledge Deana Betterton-Lewis for her dedicated editorial work on this textbook. ix
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