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MANAGEMENT OFT ECHNOLOGY THEK EYT OC OMPETITIVENESS ANDW EALTCHR EATION MANAGEMENT OFT ECHNOLOGY THEK ETYO C OMPETITIVENESS ANDW EALCTRHE ATION TarMe.Kk h alil UniveorfMs iiatmyi BostoBnu rRri dgIeL,D ubuqIuAeM ,a disWoIn , NewY orkS anF ranciSstLc.oo u is BangkBookg otCaa racLaiss boLno ndoMna driMde xiCciot y MilaNne wD elhSie ouSli ngapSoyrden eTayi peTio ronto McGraw-HigHhielErld uca'Z!Zt ion AD iviosThfie Mo cGrna w-HCiolpmaln ies MANAGEMEONFTT ECHNOLOGY THEK EYT OC OMPETffiVAENNDWE ESASL TCHR EATION Copyr©i2 g0h0bt0yT hMec GrHaiwCl-olm panIinAecls.rl, i grhetsse Prrviendit.nte hde UnitSetdao tfAe mse rEixccae.ap spt e rmiutntdteehdrUe n itSetdaC toepsy rAicgot1hf 9t 7 6, nop aorftt h piusb limcaabyte ri eopnr oodrdu icsetdr iinab nufyto erodmrb ya nmye anosr, stoirnaed da btaaso err etrsiyesvtwaeilmt ,ht ohpuert iw orri tpteernm iosfts hipeou nb lisher. Thibso oikps r inotnae cdi dp-afrpeeer . 234567890FGR/FGR90876534201 ISB0----0N7 -361649-X PubliTshhoemCaras:ss on ExecuetdiivEtero iMrc.:M unson EditcooroiradliM niacthJoaoren:le s Senmiaorrk emtainnagJg oehrT.n :W annemacher Projmeacnta PgaeurMl:.a K raau z ProduscutpieornMv iicshoRar.Me: cl C ormick Freeldaensccieog onr diMniacthDoe.rlW :lh ei taker Covdeers iSganrS:ai nnard ComposIinttoerraC:co tmipvoes Ciotripoonr ation Typefac1e0:/Ti 1m2e Rso man PrinQtueerb:eP croirnB toioGnkrog u p/Fairfield LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-iDna-tPau blication KhaTlairlMe,.k Manageomfte encth n:ot lhkoeeg tyyoc ompetiatniwdve eanclertsehsa / Tt airoKenhk a lil. p.c m. ISB0----0N7 -336149-(Xa lpka.p er) 1.T echnology-MaIn.Ta igtelmee.n t. T49.5.2K04050 658.5'2211- dc 99-052 673 CIP www.mhhe.com ToA blBaa,s il, andR onnie CONTENTS PREFACE xix ACKNOLWEDGMENTS XXV CHAPT1E R INTRODUCTION 1 TECHNOLOAGNYDS OCIETY 1 DEFINIOTFIT OENC HNOLOGY 1 KnowleadngdTe e chnology 2 TechnoalnodBg uys iness 3 CLASSIFICOATFTI EOCNH NOLOGY 4 DEFINIOTFIM OANN AGEMENT 6 MANAGEMEONFTT ECHNOLOGY 7 MOTa tt hFei rLme vel 8 MOTa tt hNea itonal/GovLeervnemle nt 10 THEC ONCEPTUFARLA MEWOFROKR M OT 10 WHYM ANAGEMEONFTT ECHNOLONGOYW ? 12 ThWeo rlPdo:sW to rWladrI I 12 ThWeo rTlodd ay 13 DISCUSSQIUOENS TIONS 17 ADDITIORNEAALD INGS 17 SUGGESTAESDS IGNMENT 17 REFERENCES 17 CHAPT2E R THI;R OLEO FT ECHNOLOGIYNT HEC REATION OFW EALTH 19 HISTORIPCEARLS PECTIVE 19 THEC REATIOOFWN E ALTH 21 THEL ONG-WACVYEC LE 24 THEE VOLUTOIFOP NR ODUCTTIEOCNH NOLOGY 25 THEE VOLUTOIFOP NR ODUCTTE CHNOLOGY 26 TECHNOLOAGNYDN ATIONAELC ONOMY 28 DISCUSSQIUOENS TIONS 29 vii viiCiO NTENTS ADDITIORNEAALD INGS 29 REFERENCES 30 CHAPTE3R CRITIFACCATLO RISN M ANAGITNEGC HNOLOGY 32 THEC REATIFVAICTTYO R 32 Invention 32 Innovation 33 THEL INBKE lWEESNC IENACNED T ECHNOLOGY 33 TYPEOSF I NNOVATION 34 CREATIAVNIDTI YN NOVATION 35 BRINGIINNGN OVATIOTNOM ARKET 36 TECHNOLOGY-RPERLIACTEI ONSHIP 37 THET IMIFNAGC TOR 38 ThOes borCnoem puCtoemrp any 38 THEV ISITOONC HANGSET RATEGY 40 IBMa ntdh Dee velopomfte hnPetC 41 Microasnotdfh tIe n ternet 42 MANAGICNHGA NGE 42 PRODUCTIEVFIFTEYC,T IVEANNEDCS OSM,P ETITIVENESS 43 LEADEVRESR SUFSO LLOWERS 45 DISCUSSQIUOENS TIONS 48 ADDITIORNEAALD INGS 48 REFERENCES 49 CHAPTE4R MANAGEMEONFTT ECHNOLOTGHYEN: E WP ARADIGMS 51 ESSENTIISASLU IENSM ANAGITNEGC HNOLOGY 54 Resources 54 ThBeu sinEensvsi ronment 56 ThSet rucatnuMdra en agemoefOn rtg anizations5 9 ProjPelcatn nainndMg a nagement 61 ManagemoefHn utm aRne sources 62 Useisnt hAen alyosfCi assS et udies 64 MOTG UIDIPNRGI NCIPFLOERMS A NAGIENNGT ERPRISES 65 Readi4n.g1 M anagemPeanrta diagnmdts he T echnoFlaocgtyo r 66 BACKGROUFANCDT:O RISN T HEB USINEESNST ERPRISE 66 I MANAGEMEPANRTA DIGMASN DT ECHNOLOGY 67 CONDITIFOONRAS N EWM ANAGEMEPANRTA DIGM 69 AM OTPA RADIGFMO RT HEM ANAGEMEONFTT HEE NTERPRISE7 0 SUMMARY 72 THET WENTY-FCIERNSTTU RY 72 Technology 73 Changients h Beu sinEensvsi ronment 74 CommunicIanttieognr,aa ntCdio olnl,a boration 75 StratDeigriecc otfIi nodnuss try 75