Malformed Frogs: The Collapse of Aquatic Ecosystems PDF
Preview Malformed Frogs: The Collapse of Aquatic Ecosystems
malformed frogs MALFORMED FROGS The Collapse of Aquatic Ecosystems Michael Lannoo UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England ©2008 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lannoo, Michael Malformed frogs / Michael Lannoo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-520-25588-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Frogs—Abnormalities. 2. Frogs—Research. I. Title. QL668.E2L298 2008 571.9'51789—dc22 2008004005 Manufactured in the United States of America 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).(cid:2)(cid:2) Cover illustration: Two specimens of Rana pipiens with multiplied limb elements. Specimens collected by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Photos by the author. Dedicated to the memory of Dan Sutherland Dan after sampling the ROI site in central Minnesota, August 2001. Photo by the author. Royalties from this book will be donated to the Dan Sutherland Memorial Scholarship administered by the University of Wisconsin, La Crosse Foundation. And I brought ye into a plentiful country, to eat the fruit thereof and the goodness thereof; but when ye entered, ye defiled my land, and made mine heritage an abomination. JEREMIAH2:7 We humans may be the smartest objects that ever came down the pike of life’s history on earth, but we remain outstandingly inept in certain issues, particularly when our emotional arrogance joins forces with our intellectual ignorance. STEPHENJAYGOULD Lying Stones of Marrakech, 2000 contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 1. What is an Amphibian Malformation? 7 2. Malformed Frog Types 21 3. Hotspots 85 4. Causes 105 5. Resolutions 111 6. Human Malformations and Causes 179 7. Solutions 189 Species Affected 203 Notes 217 Index 265 Plates follow page 8
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