Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age

952 Pages·1986·15.01 MB·English

by  Peter Paret

HISTORY / POLITICAL SCIENCE
Makers of Modern Strategy
from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age
EDITED BY PETER PARET
WITH CORDON A. CRAIG AND FELIX CILBF.RT
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I'RINC:ETON PAPERBACKS
Makers of Modern Strategy
from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age
The Editors and Publisher wish to acknowledge the cooperation of the
Institute for Advanced Study in the publication of this volume, the successor
to the irst Makers of Modern Strategy, which originated in a seminar in
American foreign policy and security issues at the Institute and Princeton
University in 194L
Makers of Modern Strategy
from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age
edited
by PETER PARET
with the collaboration of
GoRDON CRAIG FELIX GILBERT
A.
and
Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
Copyright© I986 by Princeton University Press
This is a sequel to Makers of Modern Strategy, copyright I943,© I97I by Princeton
University Press. The essays by Henry Guerlac, R. R. Palmer, and Edward Mead Earle
are reprinted without signiicant change. Those by Felix Gilbert on Machiavelli and
by Sigmund Neumann on Engels and Marx have been rewritten; the essays by Gordon
A. Craig on Delbriick and by Hajo Holborn on the Prusso-German School have
been revised. The remaining twenty-two essays are new. Michael Howard's essay "Men
against Fire: The Doctrine of the Offensive in I9I4" appeared in a slightly different form
in International Security, Summer I984 (Vol. 9, No. I).
Published by Princeton University Press, 4I William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
All Rights Reserved
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Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction Peter Paret 3
PART ONE. THE ORIGINS oF MoDERN WAR
r. Machiavelli: The Renaissance of the Art of War Felix Gilbert I I
2. Maurice of Nassau, Gustavus Adolphus, Raimondo
Montecuccoli, and the "Military Revolution" of the Seventeenth
Century Gunther E. Rothenberg 3 2
3. Vauban: The Impact of Science on War Henry Guerlac 64
4· Frederick the Great, Guibert, Bulow: From Dynastic to National
War R. R. Palmer 9I
PART Two. THE ExPANSION oF WAR
5. Napoleon and the Revolution in War Peter Paret I23
6. Jomini John Shy 143
7· Clausewitz Peter Paret I86
PART THREE. FROM THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
To THE FIRST WoRLD WAR
8. Adam Smith, Alexander Hamilton, Friedrich List: The Economic
Foundations of Military Power Edward Mead Earle 2I7
9· Engels and Marx on Revolution, War, and the Army in Society
Sigmund Neumann and Mark von Hagen 262
IO. The Prusso-German School: Moltke and the Rise of the General
Staff Hajo Holborn 28 I
I I. Moltke, Schlieffen, and the Doctrine of Strategic Envelopment
Gunther E. Rothenberg 296
I2. Delbrick: The Military Historian Gordon A. Craig 326
v
CONTENTS
I 3. Russian Military Thought: The Western Model and the
Shadow of Suvorov Walter Pintner 3 54
I4. Bugeaud, Gallieni, Lyautey: The Development of French
Colonial Warfare Douglas Porch 376
I 5. American Strategy from Its Beginnings through the First World
War Russell F. Weigley 408
I6. Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Naval Historian Philip A. Crowl 444
PART FouR. FROM THE FIRST TO THE SECOND
WORLD WAR
I7. The Political Leader as Strategist Gordon A. Craig 48I
I8. Men against Fire: The Doctrine of the Offensive in I9I4
Michael Howard 5 Io
I9. German Strategy in the Age of Machine Warfare, I9I4-I945
Michael Geyer 527
20. Liddell Hart and De Gaulle: The Doctrines of Limited Liability
and Mobile Defense Brian Bond and Martin Alexander 59 8
21. Voices from the Central Blue: The Air Power Theorists
David Macisaac 624
22. The Making of Soviet Strategy Condoleezza Rice 648
23. Allied Strategy in Europe, I939-I945 Maurice Matlof 677
24. American and Japanese Strategies in the Paciic War
D. Clayton James 703
PART FIVE. SINCE I945
2 5. The First Two Generations of Nuclear Strategists Lawrence
Freedman 7 3 5
26. Conventional Warfare in the Nuclear Age Michael Carver 779
27. Revolutionary War John Shy and Thomas W. Collier 8I5
28. Reflections on Strategy in the Present and Future Gordon A.
Craig and Felix Gilbert 863
List of Contributors 873
Bibliographical Notes 877
Index 933
Vl
Acknowledgments
THE EDITORS owe a debt of gratitude to the authors of this volume,
who have made our task an unusually pleasant one. We also want to
express our appreciation to Michael Howard, John Shy, and Russell
Weigley for their advice in planning the book, to James E. King, whose
criticism has been pertinent as always, and to Donald Abenheim for his
assistance with the bibliographies. Loren Hoekzema, Elizabeth Gretz,
and Susan Bishop of Princeton University Press saw the book through
publication with exemplary intelligence and care. Rosalie West once again
produced an index that is useful rather than impenetrable. To Herbert
S. Bailey, Jr., Director of Princeton University Press, whose belief in the
importance of the subject helped make the volume possible, go our special
thanks.
Vll