Major Comprehensive Plan Approval (MCPA)/Nonattainment New Source Review Permit Application

368 Pages·2016·10.55 MB·English

Major Comprehensive Plan
Approval/Nonattainment New
Source Review Permit Application
Canal Unit 3
Canal Generating Station
Sandwich, MA
Updated through Supplement No. 2
November 2016
Prepared for:
NRG Canal 3 Development LLC
9 Freezer Road
Sandwich, MA 02563
Prepared by:
Tetra Tech, Inc.
2 Lan Drive, Suite 210
Westford, MA 01886
Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Regulatory Overview .................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Application Overview .................................................................................................................... 1-2
Application Organization ................................................................................................. 1-2
Application Contacts ....................................................................................................... 1-2
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Project Summary .......................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Site Description ........................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Simple-Cycle Combustion Turbine ............................................................................................... 2-3
Combustion Turbine Operation ...................................................................................... 2-3
Air Pollution Control Equipment ..................................................................................... 2-4
Selective Catalytic Reduction ............................................................................. 2-4
Oxidation Catalyst .............................................................................................. 2-4
2.4 Ancillary Sources .......................................................................................................................... 2-5
Emergency Diesel Generator ......................................................................................... 2-5
Emergency Diesel Fire Pump ......................................................................................... 2-5
2.5 Emissions Summary ..................................................................................................................... 2-5
Combustion Turbine ....................................................................................................... 2-5
Ancillary Sources ............................................................................................................ 2-6
2.6 Project Potential Annual Emissions .............................................................................................. 2-7
3.0 REGULATORY APPLICABILITY EVALUATION ..................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Federal Regulations ..................................................................................................................... 3-1
New Source Review ....................................................................................................... 3-1
Non-Attainment New Source Review ............................................................................. 3-1
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate ..................................................................... 3-2
Emissions Offsets ............................................................................................... 3-2
Alternatives Analysis .......................................................................................... 3-3
Compliance Certification..................................................................................... 3-3
Ambient Air Quality Standards ....................................................................................... 3-3
New Source Performance Standards ............................................................................. 3-5
40 CFR 60 – Subpart A – General Provisions ................................................... 3-5
40 CFR 60 – Subpart KKKK – Stationary Combustion Turbines ....................... 3-5
40 CFR 60 – Subpart IIII – Stationary Compression Ignition Internal
Combustion Engines ....................................................................................................... 3-6
40 CFR 60 – Subpart TTTT – Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New
Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units ...................................................... 3-7
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (40 CFR 61 and 63) .......... 3-8
40 CFR 63 – Subpart YYYY – Stationary Combustion Turbines ....................... 3-8
40 CFR 63 – Subpart ZZZZ – Reciprocating Internal Combustion
Engines ............................................................................................................................ 3-8
Acid Rain Program ......................................................................................................... 3-8
NO and SO Budget Programs ..................................................................................... 3-8
x 2
Accidental Release Program .......................................................................................... 3-9
Title V Operating Permit Program .................................................................................. 3-9
3.2 Commonwealth of Massachusetts Regulations ........................................................................... 3-9
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
General Regulations to Prevent Air Pollution ................................................................. 3-9
Comprehensive Plan Approval ....................................................................................... 3-9
Sulfur in Fuel Standard ................................................................................................. 3-10
Visible Emissions .......................................................................................................... 3-10
Dust, Odor, Construction and Demolition ..................................................................... 3-10
Noise ............................................................................................................................. 3-11
Source Registration ...................................................................................................... 3-11
Stack Testing ................................................................................................................ 3-11
Monitoring Devices and Reports .................................................................................. 3-11
NO Reasonably Available Control Technology ........................................................... 3-11
x
Massachusetts CO Budget Trading Program/Regional Greenhouse Gas
2
Initiative ........................................................................................................................ 3-12
Massachusetts Greenhouse Gas Reporting ................................................................ 3-12
Sulfur Hexafluoride .................................................................................................... 3-12
4.0 LOWEST ACHIEVABLE EMISSION RATE ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 4-1
4.1 LAER Analysis Approach ............................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 LAER Analysis – Combustion Turbine ......................................................................................... 4-1
Evaluation of Emission Limiting Measures ..................................................................... 4-2
Change in Raw Materials ................................................................................... 4-2
Process Modifications ......................................................................................... 4-2
Add-on Controls .................................................................................................. 4-2
Most Stringent Emission Limitation in any SIP ............................................................... 4-3
Most Stringent Emission Limitations Achieved in Practice ............................................. 4-3
Selection of LAER .......................................................................................................... 4-3
4.3 LAER Analysis – Emergency Diesel Generator Engine ............................................................... 4-3
Evaluation of Emission Limiting Measures ..................................................................... 4-4
Change in Raw Materials ................................................................................... 4-4
Process Modifications ......................................................................................... 4-4
Add-on Controls .................................................................................................. 4-4
Most Stringent Emission Limitation in Any State Implementation Plan .......................... 4-4
Most Stringent Emission Limitations Achieved in Practice ............................................. 4-4
Selection of LAER .......................................................................................................... 4-5
4.4 LAER Analysis – Emergency Diesel Fire Pump Engine .............................................................. 4-5
Evaluation of Emission Limiting Measures ..................................................................... 4-5
Change in Raw Materials ................................................................................... 4-5
Process Modifications ......................................................................................... 4-5
Add-on Controls .................................................................................................. 4-5
Most Stringent Emission Limitation in Any State Implementation Plan .......................... 4-5
Most Stringent Emission Limitations Achieved in Practice ............................................. 4-6
Selection of LAER .......................................................................................................... 4-6
5.0 BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS ................................................................... 5-1
5.1 BACT Analysis Approach ............................................................................................................. 5-1
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ..................................................... 5-1
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology Options ................. 5-2
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options .......................... 5-2
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls ................................................................ 5-2
Step 5: Selection of BACT .............................................................................................. 5-3
Economic Impacts .............................................................................................. 5-3
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
Energy Impacts ................................................................................................... 5-3
Environmental Impacts ....................................................................................... 5-3
5.2 Combustion Turbine ..................................................................................................................... 5-3
Fuels ............................................................................................................................... 5-3
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ......................................... 5-3
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-4
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options .............. 5-5
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................... 5-5
Step 5: Selection of BACT .................................................................................. 5-5
NO ................................................................................................................................. 5-7
x
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ......................................... 5-7
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-7
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options .............. 5-8
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................... 5-8
Step 5: Selection of BACT .................................................................................. 5-8
VOC ................................................................................................................................ 5-9
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ......................................... 5-9
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-9
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options .............. 5-9
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................... 5-9
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-10
CO ................................................................................................................................ 5-10
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-10
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-10
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-10
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-10
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-11
PM/PM /PM .............................................................................................................. 5-11
10 2.5
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-11
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-11
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-11
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-11
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-12
SO /H SO .................................................................................................................... 5-13
2 2 4
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-13
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-13
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-13
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-13
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-14
GHGs ............................................................................................................................ 5-14
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-14
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-16
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-16
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-17
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-17
NH ............................................................................................................................... 5-19
3
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-19
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-19
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-19
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-19
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-19
Formaldehyde ............................................................................................................... 5-19
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-19
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-20
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-20
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-20
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-20
Summary of Proposed CTG Steady State BACT Emission Rate Limits ...................... 5-20
Startup and Shutdown Operations ............................................................................... 5-21
5.3 Emergency Generator Engine .................................................................................................... 5-22
Fuels ............................................................................................................................. 5-22
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-22
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-22
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-22
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-22
Step 5: Select BACT ......................................................................................... 5-22
NO ............................................................................................................................... 5-22
x
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-22
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-23
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-23
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-23
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-23
CO and VOC ................................................................................................................ 5-24
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-24
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-24
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-24
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-24
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-24
PM/PM /PM .............................................................................................................. 5-25
10 2.5
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-25
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-25
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-25
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-25
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-25
SO and H SO ............................................................................................................. 5-26
2 2 4
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) ......................................................................................... 5-26
5.4 Emergency Fire Pump Engine .................................................................................................... 5-26
Fuels ............................................................................................................................. 5-26
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-26
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-27
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-27
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-27
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-27
NO ............................................................................................................................... 5-27
x
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-27
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-27
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-27
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-27
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-28
CO and VOC ................................................................................................................ 5-28
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-28
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-28
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-28
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-28
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-29
PM/PM /PM .............................................................................................................. 5-29
10 2.5
Step 1: Identification of Control Technology Options ....................................... 5-29
Step 2: Identification of Technically Infeasible Control Technology
Options 5-29
Step 3: Ranking of Technically Feasible Control Technology Options ............ 5-29
Step 4: Evaluation of Most Effective Controls .................................................. 5-30
Step 5: Selection of BACT ................................................................................ 5-30
SO and H SO ............................................................................................................. 5-30
2 2 4
GHGs ............................................................................................................................ 5-30
Ancillary Source BACT Summary ................................................................................ 5-31
6.0 AIR QUALITY IMPACT ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Source Parameters and Emission Rates ..................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Air Quality Model Selection and Options ...................................................................................... 6-4
6.3 Urban/Rural Classification for Modeling ....................................................................................... 6-6
6.4 Good Engineering Practice Stack Height Analysis....................................................................... 6-8
6.5 Receptor Locations for Modeling .................................................................................................. 6-8
6.6 Meteorological Data for Modeling ................................................................................................. 6-9
6.7 Background Air Quality Data ...................................................................................................... 6-11
6.8 Air Quality Modeling Results ...................................................................................................... 6-12
Significant Impact Level Analysis ................................................................................. 6-12
NAAQS Compliance Demonstration ............................................................................ 6-13
Secondary PM Assessment ...................................................................................... 6-15
2.5
Air Toxics Analysis ....................................................................................................... 6-17
Environmental Justice .................................................................................................. 6-20
Accidental Release Modeling for NH .......................................................................... 6-21
3
Aqueous Ammonia Emission Calculation......................................................... 6-21
Off-site Consequence Analysis ........................................................................ 6-22
7.0 NOISE ........................................................................................................................................................ 7-1
7.1 Applicable Regulatory Requirements ........................................................................................... 7-1
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
MassDEP Regulations and Noise Policy ........................................................................ 7-1
Town of Sandwich Noise Bylaw ..................................................................................... 7-2
7.2 Common Measures of Environmental Sound ............................................................................... 7-2
7.3 Existing Ambient Noise Levels ..................................................................................................... 7-3
7.4 Noise Impact Analysis .................................................................................................................. 7-4
Project Noise Sources and Reference Sound Data ....................................................... 7-4
Cadna-A® Sound Model ................................................................................................ 7-5
Predicted Project Sound Levels ..................................................................................... 7-7
Construction Impacts .......................................................................................... 7-7
Project Impacts ................................................................................................... 7-7
Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................................ 7-8
7.5 Proposed Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................... 7-9
Project Construction ....................................................................................................... 7-9
Project Operation ............................................................................................................ 7-9
Cooling Module ................................................................................................... 7-9
SCR Tempering Air System ............................................................................... 7-9
SCR Casing ...................................................................................................... 7-10
Combustion Turbine Enclosure ........................................................................ 7-10
Generator Enclosure ........................................................................................ 7-10
Fuel Gas Compressor Enclosure ..................................................................... 7-10
Turbine Inlet Filter Face.................................................................................... 7-10
Ventilation ......................................................................................................... 7-10
Existing Canal Generating Station Equipment ............................................................. 7-10
Best Available Noise Control Technology Analysis ...................................................... 7-11
7.6 Post-construction Noise Monitoring ............................................................................................ 7-11
8.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 8-1
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Summary of Proposed Emission Limits for the CTG (Steady-State Full-Load
Operation)a ................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Table 2-2: Proposed Provisional Startup and Shutdown Emission Limits for the Combustion
Turbine .......................................................................................................................................... 2-6
Table 2-3: Emissions from Ancillary Equipment ............................................................................................ 2-6
Table 2-4: Summary of Potential Annual Emissions (tons per year) ............................................................. 2-7
Table 3-1: Summary of Project Emissions and Applicable NNSR Thresholds .............................................. 3-2
Table 3-2: National and Massachusetts Ambient Air Quality Standards ....................................................... 3-6
Table 5-1: Proposed PSD BACT Emission Limits for the Combustion Turbine .......................................... 5-20
Table 5-2: Proposed Provisional Startup and Shutdown Emission Limits for the Combustion
Turbine ........................................................................................................................................ 5-22
Table 5-3: Proposed BACT Emission Limits for the Emergency Engines ................................................... 5-31
Table 6-1: Stack Characteristics for the Proposed Project and the Existing Canal Generating
Station ........................................................................................................................................... 6-1
Table 6-2: Worst-Case Operational Data for the Proposed Simple-Cycle Combustion Turbine
firing Natural Gas .......................................................................................................................... 6-2
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
Table 6-3: Worst-Case Operational Data for the Proposed Simple-Cycle Combustion Turbine
firing ULSD ................................................................................................................................... 6-2
Table 6-4: Startup/Shutdown Data for the Proposed Simple-Cycle Combustion Turbine ............................. 6-3
Table 6-5: Source Parameters and Emission Rates for the Proposed Ancillary Equipment ......................... 6-5
Table 6-6: Source Parameters and Emission Rates for the Existing Canal Station Equipment ................... 6-5
Table 6-7: Results of Proposed Turbine Operating Condition Analysis ........................................................ 6-6
Table 6-8: Identification and Classification of Land Use ................................................................................ 6-7
Table 6-9: AERSURFACE Bowen Ratio Moisture Condition Designations ................................................ 6-10
Table 6-10: Monitored Ambient Air Quality Concentrations and Selected Background Levels .................... 6-11
Table 6-11: Margin between the Monitored Air Quality Concentrations and the NAAQS Compared
to the SILs ................................................................................................................................... 6-12
Table 6-12: Proposed Canal 3 Project Maximum AERMOD Modeled Results Compared to
Significant Impact Levels ............................................................................................................ 6-13
Table 6-13: AERMOD Model Results for the New Project and Existing Station Compared to the
NAAQS ....................................................................................................................................... 6-14
Table 6-14: Total PM (Primary + Secondary) Impacts Comparison to the NAAQS ................................... 6-17
2.5
Table 6-15: Non-Criteria Pollutant Modeled Concentrations from Proposed Project and Existing
Canal Sources for Comparison to Massachusetts TELs ............................................................ 6-18
Table 6-16: Non-Criteria Pollutant Modeled Concentrations from Proposed Project and Existing
Canal Sources for Comparison to Massachusetts AALs ........................................................... 6-19
Table 6-17: Maximum Modeled Impact of Accidental Release of Aqueous NH .......................................... 6-23
3
Table 7-1: Sound Levels of Typical Noise Sources and Acoustic Environments .......................................... 7-2
Table 7-2: Baseline Sound Measurement Locations ..................................................................................... 7-3
Table 7-3: Project Noise Source Sound Power Levels .................................................................................. 7-5
Table 7-4: Acoustic Modeling Parameters ..................................................................................................... 7-6
Table 7-5: Construction Sound Levels (dB) ................................................................................................... 7-7
Table 7-6: Predicted Nighttime L Sound Levels in the Vicinity of the Proposed Project (dBA) .................. 7-8
90
Table 7-7: Comparison of Nighttime L in the Vicinity of Canal Generating Station – Existing
90
Units 1 & 2 and Proposed Unit 3 (dBA) ........................................................................................ 7-8
Table 7-8: Description of Noise Control Options for Unit 3 .......................................................................... 7-11
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: Site Location
Figure 2-2: Site Plan and General Arrangement
Figure 2-3: Elevation View
Figure 2-4: Process Flow Diagram
Figure 6-1: Land Use around Canal Generating Station
Figure 6-2: Structure Footprints and Heights Entered in BPIP-Prime
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
Figure 6-3: Full Receptor Grid Used for AERMOD Modeling
Figure 6-4: Near-field Receptors Used in AERMOD Modeling
Figure 6-5: Wind Rose for Telegraph Hill Station from 2008 – 2012
Figure 6-6: Significant Impact Areas for Short-term PM , PM and NO
10 2.5, 2
Figure 6-7: PM Monitoring Data Trend Measured at the Shawme Crowell State Park (µg/m3)
2.5
Figure 6-8: PM Monitoring Data Trend in Massachusetts (µg/m3)
2.5
Figure 6-9: NO Monitoring Data Trend Measured at the Shawme Crowell State Park (ppb)
2
Figure 6-10: NO Monitoring Data Trend in Massachusetts (ppb)
2
Figure 6-11: Environmental Justice Analysis
Figure 7-1: Sound Level Measurement and Modeling Locations
APPENDICES
Appendix A: MassDEP Application Forms
Appendix B: Emission Calculations
Appendix C: Non-Attainment New Source Review Alternatives Analysis
Appendix D: BACT Analysis Supporting Tables
Appendix E: Vendor Information
Appendix F: EFSB Testimony of Daniel Peaco
Appendix G: Balance of Plant GHG Mitigation Measures
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Canal Unit 3 Major Comprehensive Plan Approval Application
ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
Acronyms/Abbreviations Definition
% percent
°F degrees Fahrenheit
AAL Allowable Ambient Limit
AGT Algonquin Gas Transmission, LLC
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association
amsl above mean sea level
ARM Ambient Ratio Method
BACT Best Available Control Technology
BANCT Best Available Noise Control Technology
bhp brake horsepower
Btu/kW-hr British thermal units per kilowatt-hour
CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule
CCS carbon capture and sequestration
CEMS continuous emissions monitoring system
CF capacityfactor
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CH methane
4
CI compression ignition
CMR Code of Massachusetts Regulations
CO carbon monoxide
CO carbondioxide
2
CO carbon dioxide equivalents
2e
CPA Comprehensive Plan Approval
CSAPR Cross-State Air Pollution Rule
CTG combustion turbine generator
dB decibels
dBA A-weighted decibels
DLN dry-low-NO
x
DPF diesel particulate filter
EAB Environmental Appeals Board
EEA Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs
EFSB Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Board
EJ EnvironmentalJustice
ix