Machines We Trust: Perspectives on Dependable AI

175 Pages·2021·3.294 MB·English

by  Marcello Pelillo (editor), Teresa Scantamburlo (editor)

Machines We Trust

Machines We Trust
PerspectivesonDependableAI
EditedbyMarcelloPelilloandTeresaScantamburlo
TheMITPress
Cambridge,Massachusetts
London,England
(cid:2)c 2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pelillo, Marcello, editor. | Scantamburlo, Teresa, editor.
Title: Machines we trust : perspectives on dependable AI / edited by Marcello Pelillo and Teresa Scantamburlo.
Description: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020047215 | ISBN 9780262542098 (paperback)
Subjects: LCSH: Artificial intelligence—Moral and ethical aspects. | Artificial intelligence—Social aspects.
Classification: LCC Q334.7 .M337 2021 | DDC 174/.90063—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020047215
ToRosanna,Claudia,andValerio—MP
ToMatteo—TS

Contents
ListofFigures ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
MarcelloPelilloandTeresaScantamburlo
I SETTINGTHESTAGE
2 ShortcutstoArtificialIntelligence 11
NelloCristianini
3 MappingtheStonyRoadtowardTrustworthyAI:Expectations,
Problems,Conundrums 27
GernotRieder,JudithSimon,andPak-HangWong
II ISSUES
4 TheIssueofBias:TheFramingPowersofMachineLearning 43
MireilleHildebrandt
5 AdjudicatingwithInscrutableDecisionRules 61
KatherineJ.Strandburg
6 CobraAI:ExploringSomeUnintendedConsequencesofOurMost
PowerfulTechnology 87
FedericoCabitza
7 TheImportanceofPredictioninDesigningArtificial
IntelligenceSystems 105
FrancescoAmigoniandViolaSchiaffonati
viii Contents
III PROSPECTS
8 AHuman-CenteredAgendaforIntelligibleMachineLearning 123
JenniferWortmanVaughanandHannaWallach
9 TheAIofEthics 139
RobertC.Williamson
Contributors 161
ListofFigures
4.1 Justificationofinductivereferenceasdeductivereference. 45
5.1 Schematicofexplanatoryflowsinasimpledecisionsystem. 62
5.2 Schematicofexplanatoryflowsinadelegated,distributed
decisionsystem. 62
6.1 Theprocesses,outputsandpotentialfailuresoccurringintheloop
betweenhumangroundtruthing,machinelabeling,andhuman
decisions,whichpossiblyconfirmthemachinelabelsinto
a“new”truth. 96
6.2 Threeprogrammedinefficienciesinamedicaldecisionsupportsystem. 101
7.1 ConceptualizationoftheprocessforthedevelopmentofanAIsystem. 108