Machine Learning in Sports: Identifying Potential Archers

53 Pages·2019·1.72 MB·English

by  Rabiu Muazu Musa

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN
APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Rabiu Muazu Musa
Zahari Taha
Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed
Mohamad Razali Abdullah
Machine
Learning in
Sports
Identifying
Potential Archers
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Rabiu Muazu Musa Zahari Taha
(cid:129)
Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed
Mohamad Razali Abdullah
Machine Learning in Sports
Identifying Potential Archers
123
RabiuMuazuMusa AnwarP. P.Abdul Majeed
Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics
andSportsLaboratory, Faculty andSportsLaboratory, Faculty
ofManufacturing Engineering ofManufacturing Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Pahang Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Pekan,Pahang,Malaysia Pekan,Pahang,Malaysia
Zahari Taha MohamadRazali Abdullah
Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics Universiti Sultan ZainalAbidin
andSportsLaboratory, Faculty Kuala Terengganu,Terengganu, Malaysia
ofManufacturing Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Pekan,Pahang,Malaysia
ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inApplied SciencesandTechnology
ISBN978-981-13-2591-5 ISBN978-981-13-2592-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2592-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018955442
©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019
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This book is dedicated to my beloved family
late Malam Muazu Musa, Halima Muazu,
Adamu Muazu, Sadiya Muazu and Abubakar
Muazu as well as my precious wife Nafisa
Usman Yahaya.
Rabiu Muazu Musa
I would like to dedicate this book to my
family, P. P. Abdul Majeed K. Idros, Sulleha
Eramu, Noriza P. P. Abdul Majeed, as well
as my wife Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin
and not forgetting the apple of my eyes,
Saffiya Anwar.
Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed
Acknowledgements
We would like toacknowledge ProfessorDr. Zahari Tahaand AssociateProfessor
Dr.MohamadRazaliAbdullahforprovidinguswiththenecessaryknowledgeand
valuablesuggestionsformakingtherealisationofthebookpossible.Wewouldalso
like to extend our gratitude to UniSZA sports scientists, especially Ahmad Bisyri
HusinMusawiMaliki,SitiMuslihaMat-Rashid,NorlailaAzuraKosni,Norzulaika
Alias and Vijayamurugan Eswaramoorthi for their support in carrying out the data
collection for this project. Our heartfelt appreciation is extended to the Innovative
Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Laboratory (iMAMS) members (Azraai,
Hasnun, Yashim, Fakri, Aizzat, Jessnor, Amirul, Qastalani, Fahriza, Ash, Yusri,
Ismail and Shahrizan) for making our stay at the laboratory a memorable one. We
would also wish to acknowledge the Terengganu Sports Council (MSN) and the
entirecoachingstaffsoftheTerengganuarcheryprogrammefortheirsupportinthe
accomplishmentofthisproject.Moreover,wewouldalsoliketoextendoursincere
appreciation and gratitude to the National Sports Institute of Malaysia (ISN) in
awarding the grant for this study.
Rabiu Muazu Musa
Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed
vii
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Nature of Archery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Performance Parameters Influencing Archery Performance . . . . . . 1
1.3 Machine Learning in Sporting Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 K-Means Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Classification Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5.1 K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5.3 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5.4 Logistic Regression (LR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5.5 Model Performance Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.6 Study Participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.7 Archery Shooting Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Bio-Physiological Indicators in Evaluating Archery
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3 Psychological Variables in Ascertaining Potential Archers . . . . . . . . 21
3.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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3.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4 Anthropometry Correlation Towards Archery Performance . . . . . . 29
4.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5 Psycho-Fitness Parameters in the Identification of High-Potential
Archers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.2 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.3 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
About the Authors
Dr. Rabiu Muazu Musa holds a Ph.D. degree from Universiti Sultan Zainal
Abidin(UniSZA),Malaysia.HeobtainedhisM.Sc.insportssciencefromUniSZA
in2015andhisB.Sc.inphysicalandhealtheducationatBayeroUniversityKano,
Nigeria, in 2011. His Ph.D. research focused on the development of multivariate
and machine learning models for athletic performance. His research interests
include performance analysis, health promotion, sports psychology, exercise sci-
ence, talent identification, test and measurement as well as machine learning.
Prof. Dr. Zahari Taha graduated with a B.Sc. in aeronautical engineering with
honours from the University of Bath, UK. He obtained his Ph.D. in dynamics and
controlofrobotsfromtheUniversityofWalesInstituteofScienceandTechnology
in 1987. He is currently a Professor of Manufacturing Engineering at Universiti
Malaysia Pahang, and he is also the founder and advisor of the Innovative
Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports (iMAMS) Laboratory, Universiti
Malaysia Pahang. He teaches and conducts research in the areas of industrial
automation,robotics,ergonomics,sustainablemanufacturing,machinelearningand
sports engineering.
Dr. Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed graduated with a first-class honours B.Eng. in
mechanical engineering from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. He
obtained an M.Sc. in nuclear engineering from Imperial College London, UK. He
thenreceivedhisPh.D.inrehabilitationroboticsunderthesupervisionofProf.Dr.
Zahari Taha from Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). He is currently serving as a
seniorlecturer atthe Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UMP. He isan active
research member at the Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports
Laboratory,UMP.Hisresearchinterestincludescomputationalmechanics,applied
mechanics, sports engineering, renewable and nuclear energy, sports performance
analysis as well as machine learning.
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