Machine learning for computer vision

265 Pages·2013·10.535 MB·English

by  Cheston Tan, Joel Z. Leibo, Tomaso Poggio (auth.), Roberto Cipolla, Sebastiano Battiato, Giovanni Maria Farinella (eds.)

Studies in Computational Intelligence 411
Editor-in-Chief
Prof.JanuszKacprzyk
SystemsResearchInstitute
PolishAcademyofSciences
ul.Newelska6
01-447Warsaw
Poland
E-mail:[e-mail]
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7092
Roberto Cipolla, Sebastiano Battiato,
and Giovanni Maria Farinella (Eds.)
Machine Learning for
Computer Vision
ABC
Editors
Prof.RobertoCipolla Dr.GiovanniMariaFarinella
DepartmentofEngineering DipartimentodiMatematicaedInformatica
UniversityofCambridge UniversitàdiCatania
Cambridge Catania
UK Italy
Prof.SebastianoBattiato
DipartimentodiMatematicaedInformatica
UniversitàdiCatania
Catania
Italy
ISSN1860-949X e-ISSN1860-9503
ISBN978-3-642-28660-5 e-ISBN978-3-642-28661-2
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-28661-2
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012933083
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection
with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of
this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the
Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.
PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations
areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpub-
lication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforany
errorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespect
tothematerialcontainedherein.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Preface
Computer vision is the science and technologyof making machines that see. It is
concernedwiththetheory,designandimplementationofalgorithmsthatcanauto-
maticallyprocessvisualdatatorecognizeobjects,trackandrecovertheirshapeand
spatiallayout.
The International Computer Vision Summer School - ICVSS was established
in 2007 to provide both an objective and clear overview and an in-depth analysis
of the state-of-the-art research in Computer Vision. The courses are delivered by
world renowned experts in the field, from both academia and industry, and cover
boththeoreticalandpracticalaspectsofrealComputerVisionproblems.Theschool
isorganizedeveryyearbyUniversityofCambridge(ComputerVisionandRobotics
Group)andUniversityofCatania(ImageProcessingLab).Differenttopicsarecov-
ered each year. A summary of the past Computer Vision Summer Schools can be
foundat:http://www.dmi.unict.it/icvss
This edited volume contains a selection of articles covering some of the talks
and tutorials held during recent editions of the school and covering some of the
keytopicsof machinelearningforcomputervision.The chaptersprovidebothan
in-depthoverviewofchallengingareasandkeyreferencestotheexistingliterature.
The book starts with two chapters devoted to introducing the reader to the excit-
ingfieldsofMachineLearningandComputerVision.InChapter1theproblemof
producingtrulyintelligentmachinesisdiscussedandthe“neuromorphic”approach
isintroduced.Chapter2introducesthenotionofvisualinformationanditsrelevant
propertiesusefultoaccomplishvisualinferencetasks.Chapter3reviewsalgorithms
torapidlysearchimagesorvideosinlargecollections,whereasChapter4discusses
theproblemofobjectrecognitionandintroducesgenerativemodelsabletotakeinto
accounttransformationsofgeometryandreflectance.Chapter5describesamethod
to quickly and accurately predict 3D positions of body joints from a single depth
image. Chapter 6 describes a fast vote-based approach for 3D shape recognition
andregistration.Chapter7introducesnovelmulti-classifierboostingalgorithmsfor
object detection,tracking and segmentationtasks, whereas in Chapter 8 the prob-
lem of tracking objects using multiple cameras is described together with related
VI Preface
algorithms.Finally,Chapter9completethebookbypresentingavisionsystemfor
thechallengingtaskofautonomousdrivingvehicles.
It is our hope that graduate students, young and senior researchers, and aca-
demic/industrialprofessionals will find the book useful for understandingand re-
viewingcurrentapproachesinComputerVision,therebycontinuingthemissionof
theInternationalComputerVisionSummerSchool.
Sicily,January2012 RobertoCipolla
SebastianoBattiato
GiovanniMariaFarinella
Acknowledgements
Wewouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankallcontributorsofthisbook,andall
peopleinvolvedintheorganizationofICVSS.
List of Contributors
RyanP.Adams
UniversityofToronto
10King’sCollegeRoad,Toronto,ON,M5S3G4,CA
e-mail:[e-mail]
AndrewBlake
MicrosoftResearch,
7J.J.ThomsonAve,CB30FB,Cambridge,UK
e-mail:[e-mail]
AlbertoBroggi
VisLab.it-ArtificialVisionandIntelligentSystemsLab
DipartimentodiIngegneriadell’Informazione
UniversityofParma
ParcoAreadelleScienze181A,I-43100Parma,IT
e-mail:[e-mail]
StefanoCattani
VisLab.it-ArtificialVisionandIntelligentSystemsLab
DipartimentodiIngegneriadell’Informazione
UniversityofParma
ParcoAreadelleScienze181A,I-43100Parma,IT
e-mail:[e-mail]
AndreaCavallaro
SchoolofElectronicEngineeringandComputerScience
QueenMaryUniversityofLondon
MileEndRoad,LondonE14NS,UK
e-mail:[e-mail]
X ListofContributors
JeroenC.Chua
UniversityofToronto
10King’sCollegeRoad,Toronto,ON,M5S3G4,CA
e-mail:[e-mail]
RobertoCipolla
DepartmentofEngineering
UniversityofCambridge
CB21PZ,CambridgeUK
e-mail:[e-mail]
MatCook
MicrosoftResearch,
7J.J.ThomsonAve,CB30FB,Cambridge,UK
RobFergus
DeptartmentofComputerScience
NewYorkUniversity
715Broadway,NewYork,NY10003,USA
e-mail:[e-mail]
MarkFinocchio
MicrosoftResearch,
7J.J.ThomsonAve,CB30FB,Cambridge,UK
AndrewFitzgibbon
MicrosoftResearch,
7J.J.ThomsonAve,CB30FB,Cambridge,UK
e-mail:[e-mail]
BrendanJ.Frey
UniversityofToronto
10King’sCollegeRoad,Toronto,ON,M5S3G4,CA
e-mail:[e-mail]
RiccardoGherardi
ComputerVisionGroup
ToshibaResearchCambridgeLtd
208CambridgeSciencePark,CambridgeCB40GZ,UK
e-mail:[e-mail]
InmarE.Givoni
UniversityofToronto
10King’sCollegeRoad,Toronto,ON,M5S3G4,CA
e-mail:[e-mail]
ListofContributors XI
KristenGrauman
DeptartmentofComputerScience
UniversityofTexasatAustin
1616Guadalupe,Suite2.408Austin,TX78701,USA
e-mail:[e-mail]
AlexKipman
MicrosoftResearch,
7J.J.ThomsonAve,CB30FB,Cambridge,UK
Tae-KyunKim
DepartmentofElectricalandElectronicEngineering
ImperialCollege,London
SouthKensingtonCampus,LondonSW72AZ,UK
e-mail:[e-mail]
JoelZ.Leibo
McGovernInstituteforBrainResearch
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
43VassarStreet,Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA
e-mail:[e-mail]
AtsutoMaki
ComputerVisionGroup
ToshibaResearchCambridgeLtd
208CambridgeSciencePark,CambridgeCB40GZ,UK
e-mail:[e-mail]
PaoloMedici
VisLab.it-ArtificialVisionandIntelligentSystemsLab
DipartimentodiIngegneriadell’Informazione
UniversityofParma
ParcoAreadelleScienze181A,I-43100Parma,IT
e-mail:[e-mail]
RichardMoore
MicrosoftResearch,
7J.J.ThomsonAve,CB30FB,Cambridge,UK
FrankPerbet
ComputerVisionGroup
ToshibaResearchCambridgeLtd
208CambridgeSciencePark,CambridgeCB40GZ,UK
e-mail:[e-mail]