Table Of Content

LSAT* December 2009 - PrepTest 56 Better Scores. Better Schools. *LSAT is the registered trademark of the Law School Admission Council, Inc. Copyright © 2008 by Princeton Review, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 1 1 -10- SECTIONI Time—35minutes 23Questions Directions: Each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. In answering some of the questions, it may be useful to draw a rough diagram. Choose the response that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet. Questions1–6 3. The earliest King’s audition could be scheduled to begin is Individualhour-longauditionswillbescheduledforeachof sixsaxophonists—Fujimura,Gabrieli,Herman,Jackson, (A) 5 P.M. King,andLauder.Theauditionswillalltakeplaceonthe (B) 4 P.M. sameday.Eachauditionwillbeginonthehour,withthefirst (C) 3 P.M. beginningat1P.M.andthelastat6P.M.Thescheduleof (D) 2 P.M. auditionsmustconformtothefollowingconditions: (E) 1 P.M. JacksonauditionsearlierthanHermandoes. 4. The order in which the saxophonists are scheduled to GabrieliauditionsearlierthanKingdoes. audition is completely determined if which one of the Gabrieliauditionseitherimmediatelybeforeor following is true? immediatelyafterLauderdoes. ExactlyoneauditionseparatestheauditionsofJackson (A) Herman’saudition isscheduled to begin at 4P.M. andLauder. (B) Jackson’saudition isscheduled to begin at 1P.M. (C) Jackson’saudition isscheduled to begin at 5 P.M. 1. Whichoneofthefollowingisanacceptableschedulefor (D) Lauder’s audition is scheduled to begin at 1 P.M. theauditions,listedinorderfrom1P.M.through6P.M.? (E) Lauder’s audition is scheduled to begin at 2 P.M. (A) Fujimura, Gabrieli, King, Jackson, Herman, 5. IfFujimura’sauditionisnotscheduledtobeginat1P.M., Lauder which one of the following could be true? (B) Fujimura, King, Lauder, Gabrieli, Jackson, Herman (A) Herman’saudition isscheduled to begin at 6P.M. (C) Fujimura, Lauder, Gabrieli, King, Jackson, (B) Gabrieli’saudition isscheduled to begin at 5 P.M. Herman (C) Herman’saudition isscheduled to begin at 3P.M. (D) Herman, Jackson, Gabrieli, Lauder, King, (D) Jackson’saudition isscheduled to begin at 2P.M. Fujimura (E) Jackson’saudition isscheduled to begin at 5P.M. (E) Jackson, Gabrieli, Lauder, Herman, King, Fujimura 6. Which one of the following must be true? (A) Gabrieli’s audition is scheduled to begin before 2. Which one of the following must be true? 5 P.M. (A) Lauder is scheduled to audition earlier than (B) Herman’s audition is scheduled to begin after Herman. 2 P.M. (B) Lauder isscheduled to audition earlier than King. (C) Herman’s audition is scheduled to begin before (C) Jackson’saudition isscheduled to begin at either 6 P.M. 1 P.M. or 5 P.M. (D) King’s audition is scheduled to begin before (D) Fujimura and Jackson are not scheduled to 6 P.M. audition in consecutive hours. (E) Lauder’s audition is scheduled to begin before (E) GabrieliandKingarenotscheduledtoauditionin 5 P.M. consecutivehours. GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. 1 1 1 -11- Questions7–11 9. If Heather helps move each of the pieces of furniture, then which one of the following could be true? Fourpeople—Grace,Heather,Josh,andMaria—willhelp (A) Grace helps move the recliner. eachothermoveexactlythreepiecesoffurniture—arecliner, (B) Maria helps move the recliner. asofa,andatable.Eachpieceoffurniturewillbemovedby (C) Josh helps move the sofa. exactlytwoofthepeople,andeachpersonwillhelpmoveat (D) Maria helps move the sofa. leastoneofthepiecesoffurniture,subjecttothefollowing (E) Grace helps move the table. constraints: Gracehelpsmovethesofaif,butonlyif,Heatherhelps 10. Which one of the following could be a pair of people movetherecliner. who help each other move both the recliner and the IfJoshhelpsmovethetable,thenMariahelpsmovethe table? recliner. NopieceoffurnitureismovedbyGraceandJosh (A) Grace and Josh together. (B) Grace and Maria (C) Heather and Josh 7. Which one of the following could be an accurate (D) Heather and Maria matching of each piece of furniture to the two people (E) Josh and Maria who help each other move it? 11. If Josh and Maria help each other move the sofa, then (A) recliner: Grace and Maria; sofa: Heather and which one of the following could be true? Josh; table: Grace and Heather (B) recliner: Grace and Maria; sofa: Heather and (A) Heather and Josh help each other move the Maria; table: Grace and Josh recliner. (C) recliner: Heather and Josh; sofa: Grace and (B) Heather and Maria help each other move the Heather; table: Josh and Maria recliner. (D) recliner: Heather and Josh; sofa: Heather and (C) Grace and Josh help each other move the table. Maria; table: Grace and Maria (D) Graceand Mariahelp each other movethetable. (E) recliner: Josh and Maria; sofa: Grace and (E) HeatherandMariahelpeachothermovethe Heather; table: Grace and Maria table. 8. IfJoshandMariahelpeachothermovetherecliner,then whichoneofthefollowingmustbetrue? (A) Heather helps move the sofa. (B) Josh helps move the sofa. GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. (C) Maria helps move the sofa. (D) Grace helps move the table. (E) Heather helps move the table. 1 1 1 -12- Questions12–16 14. If both parks are planted with sycamores, which one of the following could be true? Atownhasexactlytwopublicparks—GraystoneParkand (A) The number of the parks planted with maples is LandingPark—whicharetobeplantedwithNorthAmerican equal to the number of the parks planted with trees.Thereareexactlyfourvarietiesoftreesavailable— oaks. maples,oaks,sycamores,andtamaracks.Theplantingofthe (B) The number of the parks planted with maples is treesmustbeinaccordwiththefollowing: greater than the number of the parks planted Eachoftheparksisplantedwithexactlythreeofthe with sycamores. varieties. (C) The number of the parks planted with oaks is Atleastoneoftheparksisplantedwithbothmaplesand equal to the number of the parks planted with sycamores. sycamores. Anyparkthatisplantedwithoakswillalsobeplanted (D) Graystone Park is planted with both maples and withtamaracks. oaks. GraystoneParkisplantedwithmaples. (E) Landing Park is planted with both maples and 12. Which one of the following could be a complete and oaks. accurate list of the varieties of trees planted in each of 15. Which one of the following must be false? the parks? (A) Both parks are planted with oaks. (A) Graystone Park: maples, oaks, sycamores (B) Both parks are planted with sycamores. Landing Park: maples, oaks, sycamores (C) Both parks are planted with tamaracks. (B) Graystone Park: maples, oaks, tamaracks (D) Exactly one of the parks is planted with maples. Landing Park: maples, oaks, tamaracks (E) Exactly one of the parks is planted with (C) Graystone Park: maples, sycamores, tamaracks sycamores. Landing Park: maples, oaks, sycamores (D) Graystone Park: maples, sycamores, tamaracks 16. Which one of the following could be true? Landing Park: maples, oaks, tamaracks (E) Graystone Park: oaks, sycamores, tamaracks (A) The number of the parks planted with oaks is Landing Park: maples, sycamores, tamaracks equal to the number of the parks planted with tamaracks. 13. Which one of the following must be true? (B) The number of the parks planted with oaks is greater than the number of the parks planted (A) Graystone Park is planted with sycamores. with sycamores. (B) Landing Park is planted with maples. (C) Exactly one of the parks is planted with (C) Landing Park is planted with tamaracks. tamaracks. (D) The number of the parks planted with maples is (D) Neither park is planted with tamaracks. equal to the number of the parks planted with (E) Both parks contain exactly the same three sycamores. varieties of trees as each other. (E) The number of the parks planted with maples is greater than the number of the parks planted with sycamores. GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. 1 1 1 -13- Questions17–23 19. If one of the site visits includes both Quinn and Sasada, which one of the following could be true? Fiveexecutives—Quinn,Rodriguez,Sasada,Taylor,and (A) The Farmington visit is the first of the three site Vandercar—arebeingscheduledtomakesitevisitstothree visits. oftheircompany’smanufacturingplants—Farmington, (B) TheHomesteadvisitisthesecondofthethree Homestead,andMorningside.Eachsitewillbevisitedbyat sitevisits. leastoneoftheexecutivesandeachexecutivewillvisitjust (C) One of the site visits includes only Vandercar. onesite.Eachofthethreesitevisitswilltakeplaceona (D) ThesecondofthethreesitevisitsincludesSasada. differentday.Thescheduleofsitevisitsmustconformtothe (E) The second of the three site visits includes followingrequirements: exactly two of the executives. TheFarmingtonvisitmusttakeplacebeforethe Homesteadvisit. 20. The executives who visit Homestead CANNOTbe TheFarmingtonvisitwillincludeonlyoneofthe executives. (A) Quinn and Vandercar only ThesitevisitthatincludesQuinnmusttakeplacebefore (B) Rodriguez and Taylor only anysitevisitthatincludeseitherRodriguezorTaylor. (C) Sasada and Taylor only ThesitevisitthatincludesSasadacannottakeplaceafter (D) Quinn, Sasada, and Vandercar anysitevisitthatincludesVandercar. (E) Rodriguez, Sasada, and Taylor 17. Which one of the following could be the executives 21. If the Morningside visit includes both Quinn and included in each of the site visits, with the sites listed Vandercar, which one of the following could be true? in the order in which they are visited? (A) One of the site visits includes both Rodriguez (A) Farmington: Quinn and Sasada. Homestead: Rodriguez, Sasada (B) The second of the three site visits includes Morningside: Taylor, Vandercar exactly three of the executives. (B) Farmington: Quinn (C) The last of the three site visits includes exactly Homestead: Rodriguez, Vandercar three of the executives. Morningside: Sasada, Taylor (D) The Homestead visit takes place earlier than the (C) Farmington: Rodriguez Morningside visit. Morningside: Quinn, Taylor (E) The Morningside visit takes place earlier than Homestead: Sasada, Vandercar the Farmington visit. (D) Homestead: Sasada Farmington: Quinn 22. Which one of the following must be true? Morningside: Rodriguez, Taylor, Vandercar (A) The Farmington visit takes place earlier than the (E) Morningside: Quinn Morningside visit. Farmington: Rodriguez, Sasada (B) The site visit that includes Vandercar takes Homestead: Taylor, Vandercar place earlier than the site visit that includes Rodriguez. 18. IfthesecondofthethreesitevisitsincludesbothRodriguez (C) One of the first two site visits includes Sasada. andTaylor,whichoneofthefollowingmustbetrue? (D) The second of the three site visits includes at (A) The Farmington visit includes Quinn. least two of the executives. (B) The Homestead visit includes Vandercar. (E) At least one of the first two site visits includes (C) The Morningside visit includes Sasada. only one of the executives. (D) ThesecondofthethreesitevisitsincludesSasada. (E) The second of the three site visits includes 23. If the Farmington visit includes Sasada, which one of exactly three of the executives. the following must be true? (A) One of the site visits includes exactly three of the executives. (B) The last of the three site visits includes Rodriguez. (C) The Homestead visit includes Quinn. (D) The Morningside visit includes Taylor. (E) The site visit that includes Vandercar also includes Quinn. S T O P IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST. (cid:2) (cid:2) 2 2 2 2 -14- SECTIONII Time—35minutes 25Questions Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 1. This region’s swimmers generally swimduring the day 3. Acme Corporation offers unskilled workers excellent because they are too afraid of sharks to swimafter dark opportunities for advancement. As evidence, consider but feel safe swimming during daylight hours. Yet all the fact that the president of the company, Ms. Garon, recent shark attacks on swimmers in the area have worked as an assembly line worker, an entry-level occurred during the day, indicating that, contrary to position requiring no special skills, when she first popular opinion, it is not more dangerous to swimhere started at Acme. at night than during the day. Which one of the following statements, if true, most The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to weakens the reasoning above? criticismon the grounds that it (A) Acme’s vice president of operations also (A) overlooks the possibility that some sharks are worked as an assembly line worker when he primarily nocturnal hunters first started at Acme. (B) bases its conclusion on evidence from an (B) Acme regularly hires top graduates of business unreliable source schools and employs them briefly in each of a (C) overlooks the possibility that swimmersmight succession of entry-level positions before feel anxiety caused by not being able to see promoting them to management. one’s surroundings in the dark (C) Acme promotes its own employees to senior (D) presumes, without providing justification, that managementpositions much more frequently swimmerscannot be the most knowledgeable than it hires senior managers from other about which times of day are safest for companies. swimming (D) Ms. Garon worked at Acme for more than (E) fails to take into account the possibility that the 20 years before she was promoted to president. number of shark attacks at night would (E) Acme pays entry-level employees slightly increase dramatically if more people swam at higher wages than most other businesses in the night same industry. 2. Denise:Crimewillbereducedonlywhenpunishmentis certainandissufficientlyseveretogiveanyone consideringcommittingacrimereasontodecide againstdoingso. GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. Reshmi:No,crimewillbemosteffectivelyreducedif educationalopportunitiesaremadereadily availabletoeveryone,sothatthosewhoonce viewedcriminalactivityastheonlymeansof securingacomfortablelifestylewillchoosea differentpath. Their dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Denise and Reshmi agree that (A) people are capable of choosing whether or not to commitcrimes (B) crime is the most important issue facing modern society (C) reducing crime requires fair and consistent responses to criminal behavior (D) crimes are committedin response to economic need (E) reducing crime requires focusing on assured punishments (cid:2) (cid:2) 2 2 2 2 -15- 4. The song of the yellow warbler signals to other yellow 6. Dietitian:Highconsumptionofsodiumincreasessome warblers that a particular area has been appropriated by people’schancesofdevelopingheartdisease.To the singer as its own feeding territory. Although the maintaincardiachealthwithoutloweringsodium singing deters other yellow warblers fromtaking over consumption,therefore,thesepeopleshouldeat the feeding territory of the singer, other yellow warblers fresh,ratherthancannedorfrozen,fruitand may range for food within a portion of the singer’s vegetables,sincethepotassiuminplantfoods territory. However, a warbler sings a special song when helpstopreventsodium’smaligneffects. it molts (sheds its feathers). Other yellow warblers will Which one of the following is an assumption required not enter the smaller core territory of a yellow warbler by the dietitian’s argument? singing its molting song. Therefore yellow warblers, which can only fly short distances during molting, have (A) Fresh fruits and vegetables contain more no competition for the food supply within the range of potassium than sodium. their restricted flying. (B) Food processing businesses often add sodium to foods being canned or frozen. The argument makes which one of the following (C) Potassium is the only mineral that helps to assumptions? prevent sodium’s malign effects. (A) The core areas contain just enough food to (D) Potassium in fruits and vegetables has few sustain one yellow warbler while it molts. negative side effects. (B) Warblers are the only molting birds that lay (E) Fresh fruits and vegetables contain more claim to core areas of feeding territories by potassium than do canned or frozen ones. singing. (C) There are no birds other than yellow warblers 7. Dana intentionally watered the plant every other day. that compete with yellow warblers for food. But since the plant was a succulent, and needed dry soil, (D) Warblers often share their feeding areas with the frequent watering killed the plant. Therefore Dana other kinds of birds, which often do not eat the intentionally killed the plant. same insects or seeds as warblers do. Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed (E) The core areas of each feeding territory are the pattern of reasoning most similar to the flawed pattern same size for each molting warbler. of reasoning exhibited in the argument above? 5. Chinh:Televisionproducersshouldnotpayattentionto (A) Jack stole $10 from Kelly and bet it on a race. thepreferencesoftheviewingpublicwhen The bet returned $100 to Jack. Therefore Jack makingcreativedecisions.Greatpaintersdonot really stole $100 from Kelly. considerwhatthemuseum-goingpublicwantsto (B) Celeste knows that coffee is grown in the see. mountains in Peru and that Peru is in South Lana:Buttelevisionisexpresslyfortheviewingpublic. America. Therefore Celeste should know that SoaproducerismorelikeaCEOthanlikean coffee is grown in South America. artist.Justasacompanywouldbefoolhardynot (C) The restaurant owner decided to take an item toconsiderconsumers’tasteswhendeveloping off her restaurant’s menu. This decision products,theTVproducermustconsiderviewers’ disappointed Jerry because that item was his preferences. favorite dish. Therefore the restaurant owner decided to disappoint Jerry. According to Lana, Chinh’s argument is flawed in that it (D) The heavy rain caused the dam to break, and (A) is circular the breaking of the dam caused the fields (B) relies on a sample of consumers that is downstream to be flooded. Therefore the heavy unrepresentative of consumers in general rain caused the flooding of the fields. (C) infers from the effect produced by an action (E) The power plant raised the water temperature, that the action is intended to produce that and whatever raised the water temperature is effect responsible for the decrease in fish. Therefore (D) fails to consider the possibility that painters the power plant is responsible for the decrease may in fact try to please the museum-going in fish. public (E) offers a faulty analogy GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. (cid:2) (cid:2) 2 2 2 2 -16- 8. This boulder is volcanic in origin and yet the rest of the 10. Critic:Theidealizedworldportrayedinromance rock in this area is sedimentary. Since this area was literatureisdiametricallyopposedtothedebased covered by southward-moving glaciers during the last worldportrayedinsatiricalliterature. ice age, this boulder was probably deposited here, Nevertheless,themajorcharactersinbothtypes hundreds of miles fromits geological birthplace, by a ofworkshavemoralqualitiesthatreflectthe glacier. worldsinwhichtheyarepresented.Comedyand tragedy,meanwhile,requirethatthemoral Which one of the following, if true, most seriously qualitiesofmajorcharacterschangeduringthe undermines the conclusion drawn in the argument courseoftheaction.Therefore,neithertragedy above? norcomedycanbeclassifiedassatiricalliterature (A) Most boulders that have been moved by glaciers orromanceliterature. have not been moved more than 100 miles. The critic’s conclusion follows logically if which one of (B) The closest geological source of volcanic rock the following is assumed? is 50 miles south of this boulder. (C) The closest geological source of volcanic rock (A) Some characters in comedies and tragedies are is 50 miles north of this boulder. neither debased nor idealized. (D) There are no geological sources of volcanic (B) The visions of the world portrayed in works of rock north of this boulder. tragedy and works of comedy change during (E) No other boulders of volcanic origin exist the course of the action. within 50 miles of this boulder. (C) If a character in a tragedy is idealized at the beginning of the action depicted in the tragedy, 9. Rifka:Wedonotneedtostopandaskfordirections.We he or she must be debased at the end. wouldnotneedtodothatunless,ofcourse,we (D) In romance literature and satirical literature, werelost. characters’moral qualities do not change Craig:Thefactthatwearelostispreciselywhywe during the course of the action. needtostop. (E) Both comedy and tragedy require that the moral qualities of minor characters change during the In the exchange above, the function of Craig’s comment course of the action. is to (A) contradict the conclusion of Rifka’s argument 11. Lance:Ifexperienceteachesusnothingelse,itteaches without offering any reason to reject any of usthateverygeneralrulehasatleastone Rifka’s implicit premises exception. (B) deny one of Rifka’s implicit premises and Frank:Whatyouconcludeisitselfageneralrule.Ifwe thereby arrive at a different conclusion assumethatitistrue,thenthereisatleastone (C) imply that Rifka’s argument is invalid by generalrulethathasnoexceptions.Therefore, accepting the truth of its premises while youmustwithdrawyourconclusion. rejecting its conclusion Frank’s argument is an attempt to counter Lance’s (D) provide a counterexample to Rifka’s conclusion by generalization (E) affirm the truth of the stated premise of Rifka’s (A) demonstrating that Lance assumesthe very argument while remaining noncommittalabout thing he sets out to prove its conclusion (B) showing that Lance’s conclusion involves him in a contradiction (C) showing that no general rule can have exceptions (D) establishing that experience teaches us the opposite of what Lance concludes (E) showing that it has no implications for any real cases GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. (cid:2) (cid:2) 2 2 2 2 -17- 12. Throughout a certain nation, electricity has actually 14. Psychologist:Weasked100entrepreneursand become increasingly available to people in urban areas 100businessmanagerstoanswervariousquestions while energy production has been subsidized to help andratehowconfidenttheywerethattheir residents of rural areas gain access to electricity. responseswerecorrect.Whilemembersofeach However, even with the subsidy, many of the most groupwereoverconfident,ingeneralthe isolated rural populations still have no access to entrepreneursweremuchmoresothanthe electricity. Thus, the energy subsidy has failed to businessmanagers.Thisindicatesthatpeople achieve its intended purpose. whoareespeciallyoverconfidentaremorelikely toattempttostartabusinessinspiteofthe The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to enormousoddsagainstsuccessthanpeoplewho criticismon the grounds that the argument arelessconfident. (A) takes for granted that the subsidy’s intended Which one of the following, if true, lends the most purpose could have been achieved if the support to the psychologist’s conclusion? subsidy had not existed (B) takes for granted that if a subsidy has any (A) The questions asked of the entrepreneurs and benefit for those whom it was not intended to business managers included personal, political, benefit, then that subsidy has failed to achieve and business questions. its intended purpose (B) At least some of the entrepreneurs surveyed had (C) presumes, without providing justification, that accurately determined before attempting to the intended purpose of the subsidy was to start their businesses what the odds were benefit not only rural populations in the nation against their attempts being successful. who have no electricity, but other people in the (C) Another survey showed that degree of nation as well confidence was highly correlated with success (D) overlooks the possibility that even many of the in business. people in the nation who live in urban areas (D) The business managers who were most would have difficulty gaining access to overconfident were found to have attempted to electricity without the subsidy start businesses in the past. (E) fails to take into account that the subsidy could (E) How confident each person surveyed was that have helped many of the rural residents in the his or her answers to the questions asked were nation gain access to electricity even if many correct corresponded closely to that person’s other rural residents in the nation were not confidence in his or her business acumen. helped in this way 13. Heart attacks are most likely to occur on Mondays. The accepted explanation is that because Monday is the first day of the workweek, people feel more stress on GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. Mondays than on other days. However, research shows that even unemployed retired people are more likely to have heart attacks on Mondays than on other days. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increased likelihood that an unemployed retiree will have a heart attack on a Monday? (A) Because they associate Monday with work, retired people are more likely to begin large projects on Mondays. (B) Many retired people take up part-time jobs after they retire from their careers. (C) People seldom change their dietary and other health habits after retirement. (D) Stress is the major factor influencing the risk of heart attack. (E) Unemployed retired people are even more likely to have heart attacks than are people who have jobs. (cid:2) (cid:2) 2 2 2 2 -18- 15. If Agnes’s research proposal is approved, the 17. Glen:Anemphasisonlaw’spurelyproceduralside fourth-floor lab must be cleaned out for her use. producesaconcernwithpersonalrightsthatleads Immanuel’s proposal, on the other hand, requires less totheindividual’sindifferencetosociety’s space. So if his proposal is approved, he will continue welfare.Law’sprimaryroleshouldbetocreate to work in the second-floor lab. Only those proposals virtuouscitizens. the director supports will be approved. So since the Sara:Butsucharolewouldencouragegovernmentto director will support both proposals, the fourth-floor lab decidewhichmodesoflifearetrulyvirtuous;that must be cleaned out. wouldbemoredangerousthangovernment’s The argument’s reasoning is flawed because the beingoverprotectiveofindividuals’rights. argument The dialogue provides the most support for the claim (A) presumes, without providing justification, that that Glen and Sara disagree about whether the fourth-floor lab is bigger than the (A) citizens can be assumed to be capable of second-floor lab making good choices without governmental (B) fails to consider the possibility that a proposal interference will be rejected even with the director’s (B) virtuousness on the part of citizens is more support important than the protection of citizens’rights (C) presumes, without providing justification, that (C) there is an inherent danger in allowing the director will support both proposals with government to decide what constitutes virtuous equal enthusiasm behavior among citizens (D) fails to consider the possibility that Immanuel (D) an emphasis on law’s purely procedural side will want to move to a bigger lab once his results in government’s being overprotective of proposal is approved citizens’rights (E) presumes, without providing justification, that (E) the cultivation of virtue among citizens should no lab other than the fourth-floor lab would be be the primary role of law adequate for Agnes’s research 16. In order to expand its mailing lists for e-mail advertising, the Outdoor Sports Company has been offering its customers financial incentives if they provide the e-mail addresses of their friends. However, GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE. offering such incentives is an unethical business practice, because it encourages people to exploit their personal relationships for profit, which risks damaging the integrity of those relationships. Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument? (A) It is unethical for people to exploit their personal relationships for profit if in doing so they risk damaging the integrity of those relationships. (B) If it would be unethical to use information that was gathered in a particular way, then it is unethical to gather that information in the first place. (C) It is an unethical business practice for a company to deliberately damage the integrity of its customers’personal relationships in any way. (D) It is unethical to encourage people to engage in behavior that could damage the integrity of their personal relationships. (E) Providing a friend’s personal information to a company in exchange for a financial reward will almost certainly damage the integrity of one’s personal relationship with that friend.