Kofi A. A. Makinwa · Andrea Baschirotto Pieter Harpe E ditors Low-Power Analog Techniques, Sensors for Mobile Devices, and Energy Effi cient Amplifi ers Advances in Analog Circuit Design 2018 Low-Power Analog Techniques, Sensors for Mobile Devices, and Energy Efficient Amplifiers Kofi A. A. Makinwa • Andrea Baschirotto Pieter Harpe Editors Low-Power Analog Techniques, Sensors for Mobile Devices, and Energy Efficient Amplifiers Advances in Analog Circuit Design 2018 123 Editors KofiA.A.Makinwa AndreaBaschirotto DelftUniversityofTechnology UniversityofMilano-Bicocca Delft,Zuid-Holland Milan,Italy TheNetherlands PieterHarpe EindhovenUniversityofTechnology Eindhoven,Noord-Brabant TheNetherlands ISBN978-3-319-97869-7 ISBN978-3-319-97870-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97870-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018959116 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface This book is part of the Analog Circuit Design series and contains contributions by all the speakers at the 27th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design (AACD).Theaimoftheworkshopwastobringtogetheragroupofexpertdesigners todiscussnewdevelopmentsandfutureoptions. The27thworkshopwasheldinEdinburgh,Scotland,fromMay14to16,2018. ThelocalorganizerswereJedHurwitz(ADI),PaulLesso(CirrusLogic),JimBrown (DialogSemiconductor),EmmaDixon(TechnologyScotland),andStephenTaylor (TechnologyScotland).AnalogDevices,Cirrus Logic,andDialog Semiconductor weretheplatinumsponsorsoftheevent. Each AACD workshop is followed by the publication of a book by Springer, which then becomes part of their successful series on Analog Circuit Design. A full list of the previous books and topics covered in this series can be found on subsequent pages. Each book can be seen as a reference work for students and designersinterestedinadvancedanalogandmixed-signalcircuitdesign. This book is the 27th in this series. It consists of three parts, each with six chapters, that cover the following topics that are currently considered of high importancebytheanalogandmixed-signalcircuitdesigncommunity: • AnalogTechniquesforPowerConstrainedApplications • SensorsforMobileDevices • EnergyEfficientAmplifiersandDrivers Weareconfidentthatthisbook,likeitspredecessors,willprovetobeavaluable contributiontoouranalogandmixed-signalcircuitdesigncommunity. Delft,TheNetherlands KofiA.A.Makinwa Milan,Italy AndreaBaschirotto Eindhoven,TheNetherlands PieterHarpe v Topics Previously Covered in the Springer Series on Analog Circuit Design 2017 Eindhoven(The HybridADCs Netherlands) SmartSensorsfortheIoT Sub-1V&Advanced-nodeAnalogCircuitDesign 2016 Villach(Austria) Continuous-time(cid:2)(cid:3)ModulatorsforTransceivers AutomotiveElectronics PowerManagement 2015 Neuchâtel EfficientSensorInterfaces (Switzerland) AdvancedAmplifiers LowPowerRFSystems 2014 Lisbon(Portugal) High-PerformanceADandDAConverters ICDesigninScaledTechnologies Time-DomainSignalProcessing 2013 Grenoble(France) FrequencyReferences PowerManagementforSoC SmartWirelessInterfaces 2012 Valkenburg(The NyquistA/DConverters Netherlands) CapacitiveSensorInterfaces BeyondAnalogCircuitDesign 2011 Leuven(Belgium) Low-VoltageLow-PowerDataConverters Short-RangeWirelessFront-Ends PowerManagementandDC-DC 2010 Graz(Austria) RobustDesign SigmaDeltaConverters RFID 2009 Lund(Sweden) SmartDataConverters FiltersonChip MultimodeTransmitters vii viii TopicsPreviouslyCoveredintheSpringerSeriesonAnalogCircuitDesign 2008 Pavia(Italy) High-SpeedClockandDataRecovery High-PerformanceAmplifiers PowerManagement 2007 Oostende(Belgium) Sensors,ActuatorsandPowerDriversforthe AutomotiveandIndustrialEnvironment IntegratedPAsfromWirelinetoRF VeryHighFrequencyFrontEnds 2006 Maastricht(The High-SpeedADConverters Netherlands) AutomotiveElectronics:EMCissues UltraLowPowerWireless 2005 Limerick(Ireland) RFCircuits:WideBand,Front-Ends,DACs DesignMethodologyandVerificationofRFand Mixed-SignalSystems LowPowerandLowVoltage 2004 Montreux(Swiss) SensorandActuatorInterfaceElectronics IntegratedHigh-VoltageElectronicsandPower Management Low-PowerandHigh-ResolutionADCs 2003 Graz(Austria) Fractional-NSynthesizers DesignforRobustness LineandBusDrivers 2002 Spa(Belgium) StructuredMixed-ModeDesign Multi-bitSigma-DeltaConverters Short-RangeRFCircuits 2001 Noordwijk(The ScalableAnalogCircuits Netherlands) High-SpeedD/AConverters RFPowerAmplifiers 2000 Munich(Germany) High-SpeedA/DConverters Mixed-SignalDesign PLLsandSynthesizers 1999 Nice(France) XDSLandOtherCommunicationSystems RF-MOSTModelsandBehaviouralModelling IntegratedFiltersandOscillators 1998 Copenhagen(Denmark) 1-VoltElectronics Mixed-ModeSystems LNAsandRFPowerAmpsforTelecom 1997 Como(Italy) RFA/DConverters SensorandActuatorInterfaces Low-NoiseOscillators,PLLsandSynthesizers 1996 Lausanne(Swiss) RFCMOSCircuitDesign BandpassSigmaDeltaandOtherDataConverters TranslinearCircuits TopicsPreviouslyCoveredintheSpringerSeriesonAnalogCircuitDesign ix 1995 Villach(Austria) Low-Noise/Power/Voltage Mixed-ModewithCADTools Voltage,CurrentandTimeReferences 1994 Eindhoven(TheNetherlands) Low-PowerLow-Voltage IntegratedFilters SmartPower 1993 Leuven(Belgium) Mixed-ModeA/DDesign SensorInterfaces CommunicationCircuits 1992 Scheveningen(TheNetherlands) OpAmps ADCs AnalogCAD Contents PartI AnalogTechniquesforPowerConstrainedApplications IntroductiontoEnergyHarvestingTransducersandTheirPower ConditioningCircuits............................................................ 3 BaoxingChen FromBluetoothLow-Energyto BluetoothNo-Energy:System andCircuitAspectsofEnergyHarvestingforIoTApplications ........... 13 WimKruiskamp DesignofPowerfulDCDCConverterswithNanopowerConsumption.... 31 VadimIvanov NanopowerSARADCswithReferenceVoltageGeneration................ 59 Maoqiang Liu, Kevin Pelzers, Rainier van Dommele, ArthurvanRoermund,andPieterHarpe Ultra-Low-PowerClockGenerationforIoTRadios......................... 83 Ming Ding, Pieter Harpe, Zhihao Zhou, Yao-HongLiu, Christian Bachmann,KathleenPhilips,FabioSebastiano,andArthurvanRoermund Low-PowerResistiveBridgeReadoutCircuitIntegratedinTwo Millimeter-ScalePressure-SensingSystems................................... 111 SechangOh, YaoShi, GyouhoKim, YejoongKim, TaewookKang, SeokhyeonJeong,DennisSylvester,andDavidBlaauw PartII SensorsforMobileDevices AdvancedCapacitiveSensingforMobileDevices............................ 131 Hans W. Klein, O. Karpin, I. Kravets, I. Kolych, D. MacSweeney, R.Ogirko,D.O’Keefe,andP.Walsh MEMSMicrophones:ConceptandDesignforMobileApplications....... 155 LucaSant,RichardGaggl,ElmarBach,CesareBuffa,Niccolo’DeMilleri, DietmarSträussnigg,andAndreasWiesbauer xi xii Contents High-PerformanceDual-AxisGyroscopeASICDesign...................... 175 ZhichaoTan,KhiemNguyen,andBillClark DirectFrequency-To-DigitalGyroscopeswithLowDriftandHigh Accuracy .......................................................................... 191 BurakEminogluandBernhardE.Boser CMOS-CompatibleCarbonDioxideSensors................................. 199 Zeyu Cai, Robert van Veldhoven, Hilco Suy, Ger de Graaf, KofiA.A.Makinwa,andMichielPertijs TimeofFlightImagingandSensingforMobileApplications .............. 221 Neale A. W. Dutton, Tarek Al Abbas, Francescopaulo Mattioli DellaRocca,NeilFinlayson,BruceRae,andRobertK.Henderson PartIII EnergyEfficientAmplifiersandDrivers High-EfficiencyResidueAmplifiers............................................ 253 KlaasBult,Md.ShakilAkter,andRohanSehgal Energy-EfficientInverter-BasedAmplifiers................................... 297 YoungcheolChae BalancingEfficiency,EMI,andApplicationCostinClass-DAudio Amplifiers......................................................................... 315 MarcoBerkhout ADeepSub-micronClassDAmplifier ........................................ 339 Mark McCloy-Stevens, Toru Ido, Hamed Sadati, Yu Tamura, andPaulLesso LowPowerMicrophoneFront-Ends........................................... 353 LorenzoCrespi, Claudio De Berti, Brian Friend, Piero Malcovati, andAndreaBaschirotto ChallengesofDigitallyModulatedTransmitterImplementation atMillimeterWaves.............................................................. 381 KhaledKhalaf,StevenBrebels,andPietWambacq
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