Low impact development technology : implementation and economics PDF
Preview Low impact development technology : implementation and economics
Low Impact Development Technology Implementation and Economics SPONSORED BY Low Impact Development Committee of the Urban Water Resources Research Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers EDITED BY Michael L. Clar, P.E., D.WRE Robert G. Traver, P.E., D.WRE Shirley E. Clark, P.E., D.WRE Shannon Lucas Keith Lichten, P.E. Michael A. Ports, P.E., D.WRE Aaron Poretsky Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Low Impact Development Conference (2011 : Philadelphia, Pa.) Low impact development technology : implementation and economics / sponsored by Low Impact Development Committee of the Urban Water Resources Research Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers ; edited by Michael L. Clar, P.E., D.WRE, Robert G. Traver, P.E., D.WRE, Shirley E. Clark, P.E., D.WRE, Shannon Lucas, Keith Lichten, P.E., Michael A. Ports, P.E., D.WRE, Aaron Poretsky. pages cm Papers presented at the 2011 Low Impact Development Conference, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 25-18, 2011. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7844-1387-6 (paper : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7844-7896-7 (PDF) 1. Urban runoff-- Management--Congresses. 2. Sanitary engineering--Congresses. 3. Sustainable development-- Congresses. I. Clar, Michael L. II. American Society of Civil Engineers. Low Impact Development Committee. III. Title. TD657.L69 2015 363.72'84--dc23 2014043591 Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382 www.asce.org/bookstore | ascelibrary.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. The information contained in these materials should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing such information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. ASCE and American Society of Civil Engineers—Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be requested by sending an e-mail to Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 LID Implementation Roadblocks Puget Sound Partnership’s LID Technical Assistance Program: 2009-2011 Update ........................................................................................................ 5 Bruce T. Wulkan Overcoming Barriers to Implementation of LID Practices .................................. 17 Rod Frederick, R. Fernando Pasquel, and Hunter J. Loftin A Low Impact Development (LID) Guidance Document and Model Ordinance ...................................................................................................... 26 Steve Trinkaus and Michael Clar The Farmington River Enhancement Grants: A Tale of Three Towns and the Path to Low Impact Development ........................................................................... 35 Steve Trinkhaus Beyond the Green Infrastructure: What Do You Do with the Trash and Debris? ................................................................................................................ 46 Hans de Bruijn Sr. LID Economics Measuring the Cost-Effectiveness of LID and Conventional Stormwater Management Plans Using Life Cycle Costs and Performance Metrics ............... 54 J. Alex Forasté, Robert Goo, Joel Thrash, and Lisa Hair Economic and Adaptation Benefits of Low Impact Development ....................... 74 Robert M. Roseen, Todd V. Janeski, Michael Simpson, James H. Houle, Jeff Gunderson, and Thomas P. Ballestero A Comparison of Maintenance Costs, Labor Demands, and System Performance for LID and Conventional Stormwater Management .................... 93 James J. Houle, Robert M. Roseen, Thomas P. Ballestero, Timothy A. Puls, and James Sherrard Integrated LID and Green Infrastructure Planning at Rutgers University to Achieve Better Ecological Outcomes at Lower Cost ........................................... 106 Ted Brown, Jennifer Dowdell, Seth Richter, and Larry Porter iii This page intentionally left blank Preface Low Impact Development (LID) technology has rapidly become the standard for stormwater management in Federal, State and local jurisdictions throughout the United States and in many other countries throughout the world including; Australia, Canada, China, England, New Zealand, and Taiwan. As with many new and emerging technologies there is a learning curve associated with the application of the technology. The Low Impact Development Committee of the Urban Water Resources Research Council (UWRRC) of Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) was formed to bridge this learning curve and facilitate the adoption of this new technology. One of the primary tools of the committee has been the sponsorship of a series of national and international conferences on LID technology which present the latest ideas and advances in the technology. One of these conferences was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in September 2011. The Philadelphia LID conference addressed two of the major areas of uncertainty in LID which include implementation procedures and roadblocks and the economic impacts associated with the implementation of this technology. These two topics are the focus of this publication which presents a number of selected papers from the Philadelphia conference. Topics covered under the implementation of LID at the local level include: x Regulations & Codes x Outreach Activities x Planning and Information Exchange x Policy Incentives to Encourage LID x LID Strategies: Changing Behavior of Individuals & Institutions LID economics, addresses a wide range of economic issues which include: x Economic Benefits of Individual LID Practices x Operations and Maintenance Considerations for LID Practices x LID Life Cycle Costs and Performance Metrics. The Philadelphia LID conference also addressed a wide range of LID design topics and presented a number of case studies of LID applications. These materials are presented in a companion volume, Low Impact Development Technology: Design Methods and Case Studies. v This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments The Philadelphia National LID conference and the proceedings of the conference could not have been possible without the dedicated efforts and leadership of the conference chairs: Dr. Robert Traver, Villanova University; Dr. Bill Hunt North Carolina State University; and Dr. Allen Davis, University of Maryland. In addition the outstanding efforts of Ms. Cathy Smith, Extension Associate of North Carolina State University are hereby acknowledged. Many individuals were responsible for the success of the Conference. Our appreciation and gratitude are extended to the conference partners: x US EPA x Environmental & Water Resources Institute x LID Center x Water Environment Research Foundation x Philadelphia Water Department - Office of Watersheds x Temple-Villanova Sustainable Stormwater Initiative x Temple University - Center for Sustainable Communities x Center for Watershed Protection x Chesapeake Stormwater Network Our gratitude is also extended to the authors of the papers presented in this publication for their hard work and valuable contributions in the advancement of Lid technology. We also extend our gratitude to the co-editors who donated their valuable time and intellect editing the technical papers presented in this publication. The co-editors include: x Michael Clar, Ecosite, Inc., Ellicott City, MD x Shirley Clark, Penn State University-Harrisburg, PA x Shannon Lucas, Brightwater, Inc., Ellicott City, MD x Keith Lichten, California Water Boards, Oakland, CA x Michael Ports, Ports Engineering, Jacksonville, FL x Aaron Poretsky, Geosyntec, Portland, OR x Robert Traver, Villanova University, Villanova, PA vii viii LID: IMPLEMENTATION AND ECONOMICS Finally our gratitude is also extended to all the conference co-sponsors both public and private organizations, including: x USEPA 319 National Monitoring Program x Contech, Scarborough, ME http://www.contech-cpi.com/urbangreen x Tetra Tech, Inc., Pasadena, CA http://www.tetratech.com/ x Filterra Bioretention Systems, Ashland, VA http://www.filterra.com/ x AbTech Industries, Scottsdale, Arizona http://www.abtechindustries.com/ x CDM, Cambridge, MA http://www.cdm.com/ x AKRF, New York, NY http://www.akrf.com/ x Belgard Commercial, An Oldcastle Company, Atlanta, GA http://www.oldcastle.com/ x Biohabitats, Baltimore, MD http://www.biohabitats.com/ x Greenhorne & O’Mara, Laurel, MD http://www.g-and-o.com/main.asp x Michael Baker Jr., Inc., Philadelphia, PA http://www.mbakercorp.com/ x Ernst Conservation Seeds, Meadville, PA http://www.ernstseed.com x Trans-Pacific Engineering Corporation, Willow Grove, PA http://www.tpeceng.com Introduction Low Impact Development (LID) technology is being increasingly adopted by Federal, State, and local government agencies as the preferred and sustainable approach to stormwater management associated with land development and redevelopment activities. Considering that this technology is only slightly over ten years old (e.g., the first LID Design Manual was published by Prince George’s County, Maryland in 1998), it represents an unusually rapid rate of adoption for a new technology. This rapid adoption is due in part to the realization by local governments that the traditional approaches to stormwater management were not achieving the desired environmental protection goals, as well as the recognition that LID technology is based on ecologically sensitive and sustainable concepts that are essential and necessary to ensure that these environmental protection objectives are achieved. The rapid adoption of LID technology notwithstanding there are two major areas of uncertainty which confront the application of LID technology and which were addressed at the conference. These two topics which are the focus of this publication include LID Implementation Strategies and LID Economics. Issues Associated with the Implementation of LID As any new idea or technology is introduced, it is typical to experience some degree of resistance to its implementation. In the case of LID, which is a permanent change in our land use practices, it represents a paradigm shift in the way that we look at development practices and the handling of stormwater, this pushback can be significant. On the regulatory side of the coin, there are three major areas where this resistance has been encountered and documented. 1) Regulatory Framework 2) LID Technology 3) Education and Training Regulatory Framework. There are various regulatory requirements which create conflicts between land use agencies with the current approach to site development and stormwater management today. The implementation of a new paradigm like LID can create larger conflicts between these agencies. In many parts of the country, land use decisions are commonly made at the County or Municipal level. In many cases, there are multiple agencies which have input in the final land use decisions and not all of the individual agency goals are aligned which creates these conflicts. In order to implement LID, the various agencies and goals must become more aligned for the greater good of the environment and society. 1
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