Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials

780 Pages·1987·35.099 MB·English

by  L. F. Coffin (auth.), K.-T. Rie (eds.)

LOW CYCLE FATIGUE AND
ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
The Second International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto
Plastic Behaviour of Materials held at Arabella Conference Centre, Munich,
FRG, 7-11 September 1987, is organized by:
Deutscher Verband fur Materialprufung
(Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr-Ing. D. Aurich)
and sponsored by
The American Society for Metals
The American Society for Testing and Materials
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 319)
Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Metallkunde
The European Group on Fracture
Fatigue Group/Engineering Integrity Society
The Institute of Metals
The Japan Institute of Metals
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
Societe Francaise de Metallurgie
Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
The Chinese Society of Metals
LOW CYCLE FATIGUE AND
ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR
OF MATERIALS
Edited by
K.-T. RIE
Institut fur Schweisstechik,
Technische Universitat Braunschweig,
Federal Republic of Germany
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE
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WITH 95 TABLES AND 632 ILLUSTRATIONS
© ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LT O 1987
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Low cycle fatigue and elasto-plastic behaviour of materials.
1. Materials-Fatigue 2. Fracture mechanics
I. Rie, K.T.
620.1'123 TA418.38
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of
Materials (2nd: 1987: Munich, Germany)
Low cycle fatigue and elasto-plastic behaviour of materials.
Papers from the Second International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue and
Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials, held at Arabella Conference Centre,
Munich" Germany, 7-11 Sept. 1987, organized by Deutscher Verband fUr
Materialprufung, sponsored by the American Society for Metals and others.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Metals-Fatigue-Congresses. 2. Metals-Fracture-Congresses.
I. Rie, K.-T. (Kyong-Tschong), 1936- . II. Deutscher Verband fUr Material-
prufung. III. American Society for Metals. IV. Title.
TA460.15319 1987 620.1'63 87-15586
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8049-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-3459-7
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-3459-7
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publisher.
v
PREFACE
In 1979 the first InternationalSymposium on Low CycleFatigue and Elasto-Plastic
Behaviour of Materials was held in Stuttgart, FRG. Since then research in low
cycle fatigue has proceeded rapidly. The vital interest of engineers and researchers
in communicating the rapid advances in the ongoing research in low cycle fatigue
has encouraged me to initiate again the Second International Conference which
was held in Munich, FRG, 7-11 September 1987.
Failure in low cycle fatigue represents a serious problem in the design and opera
tion of highly stressed structures. Under complex loading and environmental cir
cumstances, especially for high temperature services, reliable life prediction can
not be expected without detailed consideration of the failure mechanism and with
out extensive use of mechanistic approaches.
The purpose of this conference was to provide a forum to discuss the advances
in recent research in the field of low cycle fatigue. The conference was intended to
help to further bridge the gap between those who are involved in basic research,
and the engineers who have to perform the design of highly stressed structural
components. Emphasis was placed on recent progress in the following fields:
- correlation between microstructure and cyclic behaviour
- modelling of cyclic stress-strain response, constitutive equations
- LCF at high temperature
- LCF behaviour under various environmental conditions
- realization and operation of industrial components, welded structures
- design methods, life prediction, multiaxialloading
- fracture mechanics aspect of crack initiation and crack propagation
- new materials, materials development
The topics of general interest were covered by the eight survey papers which were
included in the Proceedings.
It is expected that the contributions contained in this volume will be of use to
engineers and designers who are concerned with this important subject. It is my
hope that the cooperation between the various disciplines involved will be
promoted.
On behalf ofthe Organizing Committee, I wish to thank all the authors, invited
lecturers, session chairmen, members of the International Advisory Board, mem-
VI
bers of the International Editorial Committee and numerous others who helped to
shape the contents of this conference. In particular, I wish to mention the members
of the Local Organizing Committee whose assistance and support were essential
to the organizing effort of this meeting. Finally, I should like to thank Mrs Klin
gelh6fferand Miss Schlick whose assistance was crucial in having this book pub
lished in time.
K.-T. RIE
Chief Editor and Chairman of Organizing Committee
vii
CONTENTS
Preface v
Invited Paper on Special Topics
Damage Monitoring, Life Prediction and Life Extension . 1
L. F. COFFIN (General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY, USA)
Review Paper
A Review of Recent Studies of Low Cycle Fatigue in Japan 13
K. IIDA (University of Tokyo, Japan)
Section 1: Correlation between Microstructure and Cyclic Behaviour
Correlation between Microstructure and Cyclic Behaviour (Invited Paper) 19
A. PLUMTREE (University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada)
The Influence of Crystal Orientation on Fatigue Softening of Predeformed
Copper 31
J. SCHRANK, W. PRANTL and H. P. STOWE (Erich-Schmid Institutfiir Festkor
perp hysik, Leoben, Austria)
Cyclic Stress in Polycrystalline Copper . 37
J. POLAK and J. HELESIC (Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno,
Czechoslovakia)
The Formation of Ribbon-like Extrusions and Intrusions during the Cyclic
Deformation of Copper 43
J. I. DICKSON, S. TURENNE, J. P. BAILON (Ecole Poly technique, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada) and J. B. VOGT (Universite des Sciences et Techniques de
Lille, France)
viii
Cumulative Damage under Constant Amplitude and Variable Amplitude
Loading: Some New Physical Aspects . 49
K. MIDDELDORF*, H. NowAcK,** A. FISCHER* and H. HARIG* (*University
of Essen, FRG, ** Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft- und
Raumfahrt eV, Koln, FRG)
Inhomogeneous Cyclic Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Aluminum 55
P. LI,N. J. MARCHANDandB. ILSCHNER(Swiss FederalInstituteofTechnology,
Lausanne, Switzerland)
Crack Initiation by Low Cycle Fatigue of AI-Mg-Si Alloys 65
H. J. BENDER, R. SCHEFFEL and K. DETERT (University GH Siegen, FRG)
The Role of Grain Boundaries in Low Cycle Fatigue at High Temperatures 71
T. G. LANGDON (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA)
Cyclic Deformation and Microstructure of Zircaloy-4 between 300 and
973 K. 77
1. ALVAREZ-ARMAS and A. F. ARMAS (Universidad Nacional de Rosario,
Argentina)
Effect of Nitrogen upon the Low-Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of 316 L Stainless
Steels. 83
R. T AILLARD, S. DEGALLAIX and J. FOCT (Universite des Sciences et Techniques
de Lille, France)
Relationships between Fatigue Strength and Microstructure of 55SiMn VB
Steel . 89
QIU YAOJIAN, ZHENG TIEZHENG and YANG RANG (Beijing University of Iron
and Steel Technology, PR China)
Low Cycle Fatigue of a 12 Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel: The Role of
Microstructure 95
G. DEGALLAIX, J. B. VOGT and J. FOCT (Universite des Sciences et Techniques
de Lille, F r a n c e ) -
Surface Bifurcation and Surface Roughening of Inhomogeneous Material
during Plastic Deformation. 101
T. YOSHIKAWA, T. ABE and S. NAGAKI (Okayama University, Japan)
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Early Propagation in Polycrystalline Copper 107
J. POLAK, P. LISKUTIN and A. VASEK (Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences,
Brno, Czechoslovakia)
Low-Cycle Fatigue Investigations on AI-Mg-Si-l Alloys of Different Grain
Sizes. 113
P. NAGY (Aluterv-FKI, Budapest, Hungary), B. MEIER (University ofS tuttgart,
FRG) and V. GEROLD (Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallforschung, Stuttgart,
FRG)
ix
Dislocation Structure Changes in Ferritic-Pearlitic Steels Caused by Low-
Cycle Fatigue at Elevated Temperature . 119
W. C. BRUNN£' (Institute of Materials Economy, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland)
Predictive Analysis of Low Cycle Fatigue of Tool Steel in Warm Working
Conditions . 125
A. KOCANDA and S. KOCANDA (Warsaw University of Technology, Poland)
Low Cycle Fatigue of Medium Strength AI-Mg Alloy . . . . 131
E. SCHUCHTAR and A. EVA (Aluterv-FKI, Budapest, Hungary)
Section 2: Modelling of Cyclic Stress-Strain Response, Constitutive
Equations
The Viscoplasticity Theory Based on Overstress Applied to Ratcheting and
Cyclic Hardening (Invited Paper) 137
E. KREMPL and D. YAO (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA)
A Critical Evaluation of the Incremental Step Test . . 149
M. BAYERLEIN, H.-J. CHRIST and H. MUGHRABI (University of Erlangen
Niirnberg, FRG)
An Analysis of Stress-Strain Hysteresis Loop and Cyclic Stress-Strain
Curve in Structural Steels . 155
K. HATANAKA, T. FUJIMITSU (Yamaguchi University, Ube City, Japan) and
T. YAMADA (Niihama Technical College, Niihama City, Japan)
A Cyclic Constitutive Relation for Multiaxial Stress States 165
F. ELLYIN(University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada)
A Stochastic Model for the Interaction of Plasticity and Creep in Metals 171
E. STECK (Technical University of Braunschweig, FRG)
Critical Experiments in Thermo-mechanical Loading 177
H. SEHITOGLU and D. SLAVIK (University of Illinois, Urbana,IL, USA)
Modeling Cyclic Deformation with the MATMOD-BSSOL Unified Consti-
tutive Equations . 184
G. A. HENSHALL, A. K. MILLER and T. G. TANAKA (Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA)
Modelization of Cyclic Stress-Strain Response of Hot Working Tools. . 192
A. DIAS, J. GIUSTI and H. P. LIEURADE (IRSID, Saint-Germain-en-Laye,
France)
Application of the Internal Stress Concept to LCF Deformation at High
Temperature . 199
T. fuNKE, H. SCHUSTER and H. NICKEL (Nuclear Research Centre, Jiilich,
FRG)
x
Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF): Modelled by Elastic-Plastic Trusses with Kine-
matical Hardening. 205
W. WINTER (University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, FRG)
Section 3: LCF at High Temperature
Substance of Creep-Fatigue Interaction Examined from the Point of View
of a Crack Propagation Mechanics (Invited Paper) 211
R. OHTANI (Kyoto University, Japan)
Lifetime Prediction under Creep-Fatigue COn,Pitions 223
K.-T. RIE and R.-M. SCHMIDT (Technical University of Braunschweig, FRG)
Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction in Terms of Hysteresis Energy under
Creep-Fatigue Interaction . . 229
S. W. NAM, S. K. HONG, and J. M. LEE (Korea Advanced Institute of Science
and Technology, Seoul, Korea) and K.-T. RIE (Technical University of
Braunschweig, FRG)
Life Prediction under Creep-Fatigue Condition for 1Cr-Mo-V Steel. . 234
K. YAGI, K. KUBo, O. KANEMARU, T. OHBA and C. TANAKA (National
Research Institute for Metals, Tokyo, Japan
Influence of Microstructure of 1 % CrMoV Steel on Creep and Strain Con-
trolled Fatigue Behaviour . 240
W. WIEMANN, J. EWALD, K. NIELandD. REIERMANN(Kraftwerk UnionAG,
MulheimjRuhr, FRG)
Influence of Rold-Time and Strain Rate on the LCF Behaviour of Alloy 617
at 950°C . 246
H.-P. MEURER, H. BREITLING and W. DIETZ (Interatom GmbH, Bergisch
Gladbach, FRG)
On the Behavior of Ferritic Steels Subjected to Load Controlled Cycling at
Elevated Temperatures 252
J. O. BUNCH and A. J. McEvILY (University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA)
The Construction. of Creep-Fatigue Design Curves Based on a Strain-
Fraction Approach 258
R. HALES (CEGB, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, UK)
Creep-Fatigue Behavior of 2! Cr- 1Mo Steel in Air and Vacuum 265
T. ASAYAMA,* S.-Z. CHENG,** Y. TACHIBANA,* A. ISHIKAWA* and Y.
ASADA * (* University of Tokyo, Japan, ** Ministry of Chemical Industry, PR
China)
Damage Mechanisms under Creep Fatigue Conditions in Alloy 800R. . 271
B. KEMPF, K. BOTHE and V. GEROLD (Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallfor
schung, Stuttgart, FRG)