Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks - A Synthesis of Highway Practice PDF
Preview Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks - A Synthesis of Highway Practice
This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14623 NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks David W Fowler; David W Whitney; Transportation Research Board ISBN 978-0-309-27762-4 75 pages 8.5 x 11 2012 Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Job No. XXXX Pantone 202 C 92+ pages; Perfect Bind with SPINE COPY = 14 pts NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks A W 5 T N DDRESS SERVICE REQ ashington, D.C. 20001 00 Fifth Street, N.W. RANSPORTATION RESEAR CHRP SYNTHE NCHRP NATIONAL U C S ESTED H BOA IS 4 CHOIGOHPWEARYATIVE R D 2 3 RESEARCH PROGRAM SYNTHESIS 423 L o Long-Term Performance of n g - T e Polymer Concrete for r m P Bridge Decks e r f o r m a n c e o f P o l y m e r C o n c r e t e f o r B r i d g e D e c k s A Synthesis of Highway Practice ISBN: 978-0-309-14354-7 T R B Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NEED SPINE WIDTH NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2011 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* Abbreviations used without definition in TRB Publications: AAAE American Association of Airport Executives OFFICERS AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials Chair:Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Vice Chair:Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America Executive Director:Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act MEMBERS APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers J. BARRY BARKER,Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers DEBORAH H. BUTLER,Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials WILLIAM A.V. CLARK,Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles ATA Air Transport Association EUGENE A. CONTI, JR., Secretary of Transportation, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh ATA American Trucking Associations JAMES M. CRITES, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, TX CTAA Community Transportation Association of America PAULA J. HAMMOND, Secretary, Washington State DOT, Olympia CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program MICHAEL W. HANCOCK,Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort DHS Department of Homeland Security ADIB K. KANAFANI, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley DOE Department of Energy MICHAEL P. LEWIS, Director, Rhode Island DOT, Providence EPA Environmental Protection Agency SUSAN MARTINOVICH, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City FAA Federal Aviation Administration MICHAEL R. MORRIS, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington FHWA Federal Highway Administration TRACY L. ROSSER, Vice President, Regional General Manager, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration STEVEN T. SCALZO, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA FRA Federal Railroad Administration HENRY G. (GERRY) SCHWARTZ, JR., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO FTA Federal Transit Administration BEVERLY A. SCOTT,General Manager and CEO, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 DAVID SELTZER, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers LAWRENCE A. SELZER, President and CEO, The Conservation Fund, Arlington, VA NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration KUMARES C. SINHA, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials THOMAS K. SOREL, Commissioner, Minnesota DOT, St. Paul NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program DANIEL SPERLING, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation Studies; NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program and Interim Director, Energy Efficiency Center, University of California, Davis NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration KIRK T. STEUDLE, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing NTSB National Transportation Safety Board DOUGLAS W. STOTLAR, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI SAE Society of Automotive Engineers C. MICHAEL WALTON,Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin SAFETY-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) EX OFFICIO MEMBERS TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program PETER H. APPEL, Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) J. RANDOLPH BABBITT, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration REBECCA M. BREWSTER, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation ANNE S. FERRO,Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT LEROY GISHI, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S.DOT JOHN T. GRAY,Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC JOHN C. HORSLEY, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC DAVID T. MATSUDA, Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT VICTOR M. MENDEZ, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC TARA O’TOOLE, Under Secretary for Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC ROBERT J. PAPP (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard),Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC CYNTHIA L. QUARTERMAN, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S.DOT PETER M. ROGOFF, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT DAVID L. STRICKLAND, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT JOSEPH C. SZABO,Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT POLLY TROTTENBERG, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT ROBERT L. VAN ANTWERP (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army),Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC BARRY R. WALLERSTEIN,Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA *Membership as of June 2011. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NEED SPINE WIDTH NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP SYNTHESIS 423 Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks A Synthesis of Highway Practice conSultantS DAVID W. FOWLER and DAVID W. WHITNEY University of Texas–Austin SubScriber categorieS Bridges and Other Structures • Highways • Maintenance and Preservation • Materials Research Sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in Cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2011 www.TRB.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP SYNTHESIS 423 Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective Project 20-05 (Topic 39-11) approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administra- ISSN 0547-5570 tors and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and ISBN 978-0-309-14354-7 can best be studied by highway departments individually or in coop- Library of Congress Control No. 2011936876 eration with their state universities and others. However, the accelerat- ing growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials COPYRIGHT INFORMATION initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their manuscripts employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of used herein. the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to repro- Transportation. duce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit pur- The Transportation Research Board of the National Research Coun- poses. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the cil was requested by the Association to administer the research pro- material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMSCA, gram because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding FTA, or Transit development Corporation endorsement of a particular of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any development or possesses avenues of communication and cooperation with federal, reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission state, and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its from CRP. relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objec- tivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research NOTICE directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments Co-operative Highway Research Program conducted by the Transpor- and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research tation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Board’s judgment that the program concerned is of national importance Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill and appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies National Research Council. are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines The needs for highway research are many, and the National Coop- appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or erative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern and, while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical com- to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to mittee, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway Board, the National Research Council, the American Association of research programs. State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the Federal Highway Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical committee according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Govern- ing Board of the National Research Council. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office NOTE: The Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- 500 Fifth Street, NW emies, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Adminis- Washington, DC 20001 tration, the American Association of State Highway and Transporta- tion Officials, and the individual states participating in the National and can be ordered through the Internet at: Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the ser- vices of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad- emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and prog- ress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks NCHRP COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT 20-05 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, Director, Cooperative Research CHAIR Programs CATHERINE NELSON CRAWFORD F. JENCKS, Deputy Director, Cooperative Oregon DOT Research Programs NANDA SRINIVASAN, Senior Program Officer EILEEN P. DELANEY, Director of Publications MEMBERS KATHLEEN S. AMES Maker Baker Jr., Inc. SYNTHESIS STUDIES STAFF STUART D. ANDERSON, STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and Texas A&M University Special Programs CYNTHIA J. BURBANK JON M. WILLIAMS, Program Director, IDEA and PB Americas, Inc. Synthesis Studies LISA FREESE JO ALLEN GAUSE, Senior Program Officer Scott County (MN) Public Works Division GAIL R. STABA, Senior Program Officer DONNA L. VLASAK, Senior Program Officer MALCOLM T. KERLEY DON TIPPMAN, Senior Editor Virginia DOT CHERYL KEITH, Senior Program Assistant RICHARD D. LAND DEMISHA WILLIAMS, Senior Program Assistant California DOT DEBBIE IRVIN, Program Associate JOHN M. MASON, JR. Secretary, Florida DOT ROGER C. OLSON TOPIC PANEL Minnesota DOT AMIR N. HANNA, Transportation Research Board DANIEL P. JOHNSTON, Pierre, South Dakota ROBERT L. SACK FRANK N. LISLE, Transportation Research Board New York State DOT DAVID A. MEGGERS, Kansas Department of Transportation FRANCINE SHAW-WHITSON NIGEL MENDS, Montana Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration GRETA SMITH, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet LARRY VELASQUEZ MICHAEL M. SPRINKEL, Virginia Department of JAVEL Engineering, LLC. Transportation MICHAEL STENKO, Transpo Industries Inc., New Rochelle, FHWA LIAISONS New York JACK JERNIGAN PETER J. WEYCAMP, New York State Department of Trans- MARY LYNN TISCHER portation SEUNG-KYOUNG, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, TRB LIAISON Virginia (Liaison) STEPHEN F. MAHER GLENN R. SMITH, Federal Highway Administration (Liaison) Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks FOREWORD Highway administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which infor- mation already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and prac- tice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviat- ing the problem. There is information on nearly every subject of concern to highway administrators and engineers. Much of it derives from research or from the work of practitioners faced with problems in their day-to-day work. To provide a systematic means for assembling and evaluating such useful information and to make it available to the entire highway commu- nity, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials—through the mechanism of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program—authorized the Transportation Research Board to undertake a continuing study. This study, NCHRP Proj- ect 20-5, “Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems,” searches out and syn- thesizes useful knowledge from all available sources and prepares concise, documented reports on specific topics. Reports from this endeavor constitute an NCHRP report series, Synthesis of Highway Practice. This synthesis series reports on current knowledge and practice, in a compact format, without the detailed directions usually found in handbooks or design manuals. Each report in the series provides a compendium of the best knowledge available on those measures found to be the most successful in resolving specific problems. PREFACE Thin polymer overlays (TPOs) consist of a polymer binder and aggregates with a thick- ness not exceeding 25 mm (1 in.). They have provided long-lasting wearing surfaces for By Jon M. Williams bridge decks with many advantages, including adding very little dead load; very fast cure Program Director times; shallow depths that eliminate the need for raising approach slabs; ability to transi- Transportation tion from overlaid lane to non-overlaid lane during construction; low permeability; and Research Board good frictional resistance. This study found that TPOs have become an accepted con- struction method for deck preservation, restoring surface friction and extending the lives of decks. When constructed properly on sound decks, TPOs should provide a service life of 20 or 25 years. Information was gathered through literature review, a survey of all state transportation agencies, and selected interviews. David W. Fowler and David W. Whitney, University of Texas at Austin, collected and synthesized the information and wrote the report. The members of the topic panel are acknowledged on the preceding page. This synthesis is an immediately useful document that records the practices that were acceptable within the limitations of the knowledge available at the time of its preparation. As progress in research and practice continues, new knowledge will be added to that now at hand. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NCHRP Synthesis 423: Long-Term Performance of Polymer Concrete for Bridge Decks CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY 3 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background, 3 Scope, 3 Major Definitions, 3 Methodology for Obtaining Information, 4 Report Organization, 4 6 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE FINDINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS Uses of Thin Polymer Overlays, 6 Pre-Overlay Evaluation, 6 Repairs, 7 Materials Used in Overlays, 7 Installation, 7 Quality Control Tests, 10 Test Methods, 11 Thin Polymer Overlay Field Sections, 11 Failures, 19 Stresses in Overlays, 20 Special Applications, 21 Service Life, 24 Warranties, 24 Relative Cost, 24 Specifications, 24 26 CHAPTER THREE PERFORMANCE OF OVERLAYS FROM SURVEYS AND INTERVIEWS Scope of Surveys, 26 General Responses, 26 Overlay Cost, 26 Causes of Failures, 26 Specifications, 29 Materials, 30 Contractor Interviews, 30 Material Supplier Interviews, 31 32 CHAPTER FOUR PROVEN PRACTICES Candidates for Overlays, 32 Overlay Types, 32 Materials, 32 Aggregates, 33 Qualification of Substrate, 34 Installation Methods, 36 39 CHAPTER FIVE REPAIR Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The list of books you might like
