Logic. The Basics

314 Pages·2017·6.82 MB·english

by  Jc Beall

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LOGIC
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1 THE BASICS
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1: Logic: The Basics is an accessible introduction to several core areas
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t of logic. The first part of the book features a self-contained
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] introductiontothestandardtopicsinclassicallogic,suchas:
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eg • mathematicalpreliminaries
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D • propositionallogic
an • quantifiedlogic(firstmonadic,thenpolyadic)
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a, • Englishandstandard‘symbolictranslations’
ni • tableauprocedures.
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f Alongside comprehensive coverage of the standard topics,
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a this thoroughly revised second edition also introduces several
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f philosophically important nonclassical logics, free logics, and
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y modal logics, and gives the reader an idea of how they can take
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si their knowledge further. With its wealth of exercises (solutions
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ve available in the encyclopedic online supplement), Logic: The Basics
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n isausefultextbookforcoursesrangingfromtheintroductorylevel
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[ to the early graduate level, and also as a reference for students and
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b researchersinphilosophicallogic.
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d JcBeallisBoardofTrusteesDistinguishedProfessorofPhilosophy
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o at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA; and Professor of
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w PhilosophyattheUniversityofTasmania,Hobart,Australia.
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D Shay Allen Logan is a Postdoctoral Scholar in Logic at North
CarolinaStateUniversity,USA.
TheBasics
Available: Forthcoming:
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LOGIC
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1 THE BASICS
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3 SecondEdition
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1 JcBeallandShayAllenLogan
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Secondeditionpublished2017
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN
7 andbyRoutledge
1 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
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l RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
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pr ©2017JcBeallandShayAllenLogan
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3 TherightofJcBeallandShayAllenLogantobeidentifiedasauthorsofthiswork
2 hasbeenassertedbytheminaccordancewithsections77and78ofthe
5 Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
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: Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilized
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1 inanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafter
t invented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageor
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] retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.
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g Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered
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i trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintent
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toinfringe.
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a FirsteditionpublishedbyRoutledge2010
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a, BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
i AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
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r
o LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationData
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i Names:Beall,J.C.,author.
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a Title:Logic:thebasics/JcBeallandShayAllenLogan.
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of DSeersiecsri:pTtihoenb:aNseicwsY|oIrnkcl:uRdoeustbleidbglioe,g2ra0p1h7i.c|alreferencesandindex.
y Identifiers:LCCN2016037843|ISBN9781138852266(hardback)|
it ISBN9781138852273(pbk.)|ISBN9781315723655(ebook)
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r Subjects:LCSH:Logic.
ve Classification:LCCBC108.B3472017|DDC160–dc23
ni LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016037843
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[ ISBN:978-1-138-85226-6(hbk)
y ISBN:978-1-138-85227-3(pbk)
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d ISBN:978-1-315-72365-5(ebk)
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d TypesetinBemboandScalaSans
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o byOutofHousePublishing
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w VisittheeResource:www.routledge.com/9781138852273
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a, To Katrina Higgins & Kimberly Ann Klinger Logan – for
ni absolutelyeverything.
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f Andtoourparents–foreverythingelse.
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2 CONTENTS
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S Preface xv
a, Acknowledgments xxi
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a PARTI BACKGROUNDIDEAS 1
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of 1 Consequences 3
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t 1.1 Relationsofsupport 4
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er 1.2 Logicalconsequence:thebasicrecipe 5
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ni 1.3 Validargumentsandtruth 7
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[ 1.4 Summary,lookingahead,andfurtherreading 9
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b 1.5 Exercises 10
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e 1.6 Notes 11
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l 2 Models,modeled,andmodeling 12
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2.1 Models 12
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2.2 Modelsinscience 13
viii
CONTENTS
2.3 Logicasmodeling 15
2.4 Anoteonnotation,metalanguages,andsoon 15
2.5 Summary,lookingahead,andfurtherreading 16
7 2.6 Exercises 16
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0 2.7 Notes 17
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l 3 Language,form,andlogicaltheories 18
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A 3.1 Languageandformallanguages 18
3 3.2 Languages:syntaxandsemantics 19
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5 3.3 Atoms,connectives,andmolecules 23
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1 3.4 Connectivesandform 27
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at 3.5 Validityandform 29
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o 3.6 Logicaltheories:rivalry 31
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ie 3.7 Summary,lookingahead,andfurtherreading 32
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n 3.8 Exercises 33
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S 3.9 Notes 34
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n 4 Set-theoretictools 36
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if 4.1 Sets 36
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o 4.3 Relations 42
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n 4.6 Summary,lookingahead,andfurtherreading 46
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[ 4.7 Exercises 47
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o PARTII THEBASICCLASSICALTHEORY 51
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5 Basicclassicalsyntaxandsemantics 53
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5.1 Cases:completeandconsistent 54
5.2 Classical‘truthconditions’ 55