Table Of Content

Logic and the Limits of Philosophy in Kant and Hegel Logic and the Limits of Philosophy in Kant and Hegel Clayton Bohnet Fordham University, USA © Clayton Bohnet 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–1–137–52174–3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bohnet, Clayton, 1976– Logic and the limits of philosophy in Kant and Hegel / Clayton Bohnet, Forhdam University, USA. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–137–52174–3 1. Logic. 2. Transcendental logic. 3. Kant, Immanuel, 1724–1804. 4. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770–1831. 5. Philosophy, German – 20th century. I. Title. B2799.L8B64 2015 160—dc23 2015002976 Contents List of Abbreviations vii Introduction: Kant, Hegel, and the Nature of Logic 1 ( 1) Theoretical overview 1 ( 2) German Idealism and the history of logic 6 ( 3) Logic, thought, and the unconditioned 10 ( 4) Kant, Hegel, and the unconditioned 1 3 ( 5) B eyond the critical philosophy: Hegel’s critique of Kant 1 8 ( 6) Kant and Hegel on the quantitative judgment 2 1 Part I Logic and Kant’s Critical Philosophy 1 Logic as Frame of the World 31 (1) A refresher course in logic: exegesis of A50/B74–A64/B88 31 (2) Conclusion: logic as frame and the matter of truth 5 4 2 Quantity in Kant’s General and Pure Logic 5 7 (1) Introduction 5 7 (2) Concepts 59 (3) Judgment and extension 63 (4) Inferences 85 (5) General conclusion 91 3 Transcendental Logic and the Doctrine of Quantity 9 4 (1) Introduction 94 (2) In Kant’s words: transcendental logic 94 (3) The doctrine of quantity 103 (4) G eneral conclusions: logic, arithmetic, and inner sense 123 4 Logic and Intellectual Intuition 1 25 (1) A direct or circuitous route? 125 (2) Two theses on the value of logic 127 (3) The unconditioned as schema of reason 133 (4) Conclusion 142 v vi Contents Part II Logic and Hegel’s Speculative Dialectic 5 Hegel’s Critique of Kant and the Limits of Reflection 1 47 (1) Kant, reflection, and speculation in the Differenzschrift 148 (2) T he history and epistemology of reflection in Faith and Knowledge 159 (3) Hegel’s critique of Kant in Faith and Knowledge 167 (4) General conclusion 183 6 Truth and Judgment in Hegel’s S cience of Logic 1 87 (1) Dialectic and truth 187 (2) On either side of the judgment of reflection 206 (3) The judgment of reflection 226 (4) C onclusion: The Science of Logic and the judgment of reflection 250 Conclusion: Philosophy and the Limits of Logic in Kant and Hegel 2 54 Bibliography 2 63 Index 2 67 List of Abbreviations Works of Immanuel Kant CPR Critique of Pure Reason , trans. Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998) JL Jäsche Logic , in Kant, Lectures on Logic , trans. and ed. J. Michael Young (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) DW Dohna-Wundlacken Logic , in Kant, L ectures on Logic , trans. and ed. J. Michael Young (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) VL Vienna Logic , in Kant, Lectures on Logic , trans. and ed. J. Michael Young (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) BL Bloomberg Logic , in Kant, Lectures on Logic , trans. and ed. J. Michael Young (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) H Heschel Logic , in Kant, Lectures on Logic , trans. and ed. J. Michael Young (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) NF Notes and Fragments , ed. Paul Guyer, trans. Curtis Bowman et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) References made to the C ritique of Pure Reason utilize the standard A/B pagi- nation. References to the remaining texts include the page numbers of K ant’s gesammelte Schriften followed by page numbers of the above translations. Works of George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel D The Difference between Fichte’s and Schelling’s System of Philosophy , trans. J. P. Surber (Atascadero: Ridgeview Press, 1977) FK Faith and Knowledge , trans. H. S. Harris and Walter Cerf (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977) SL Science of Logic , trans. A. V. Miller (Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press International, 1989) EL Encyclopedia Logic , trans. William Wallace (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975) LL Lectures on Logic , trans. Clark Butler (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2008) PS Phenomenology of Spirit , trans. A. V. Miller (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977) References to Hegel’s works include the reference to the G esammelte Werke followed by the page numbers to the above translations. vii Introduction: Kant, Hegel, and the Nature of Logic (1) Theoretical overview Truth is a matter of peculiar disciplinary significance for both philoso- phers and logicians. Of course, every science and inquiry seeks to say something true about ‘what is’. Theologians, scientists, and artists seek to discern the true, whether this truth concerns the highest being, the nature of depression, or social justice, and so forth. The logician and the philosopher, however, are unique in their efforts to mark out the conditions of truth. They both share the tasks of determining the boundaries of intelligibility, separating formal from material conditions of truth, and striving for a language of utmost precision. Both disciplines are thus concerned, in contrast to the particular sciences and arts, with conditions by which truth happens. Yet throughout the history of Western philosophy, the significant differences between philosophy and logic have been shown to justify the institution of strict disciplinary boundaries between them. Historically, philosophy has been afforded an exalted status correlating to the perceived expansiveness of its domain compared to that of logic. Philosophy takes up topics and questions that are well beyond the purview of logic. Questions about the nature of justice, time, or the soul, for example, are external to the domain of logic. From within the tradition it is not controversial to say that all that is included in logic can be included in philosophy, but not all that can be included in philosophy can be included in logic. Philosophy is held to be the larger, more encompassing, and sometimes the more dignified discipline, leaving logic as either a part of philosophy or something prior to philosophy all together. Logic, following the scholastic appropriation of Aristotle, has been conceived as a ‘propaedeutic’ for knowledge in general. This tradition is 1