Living with vlimate change : how communities are surviving and thriving in a changing climate PDF
Preview Living with vlimate change : how communities are surviving and thriving in a changing climate
HOMELAND SECURITY LIVING WITH LIVING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE How Communites Are Surviving and How Communites Are Surviving and Thriving in a Changing Climate Thriving in a Changing Climate The climate has changed and communities across America are living with the conse- quences: rapid sea level rise, multi-state wildfres, heat waves, and enduring drought. Living with Climate Change: How Communities Are Surviving and Thriving in a Changing Climate details the steps cities are taking now to protect lives and busi- nesses, to reduce their vulnerability, and to adapt and make themselves more resilient. Te authors of this book have been directly involved in the successful design and im- plementation of community-based adaptation and resilience programs. In this book, they apply decades of combined experience in hazard risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and environmental protection to provide timely and practical advice on how to plan for and live with a climate that is changing faster and more erratically than predicted. The book also examines obstacles to local, state, and national action on climate change, includes case studies to illustrate smart, efective policies and practices that have already been put in place, and defnes how these actions beneft the economy, the environment, and public health. Living with Climate Change provides much- needed guidance for fnding and enacting solutions to immediate and future risks of climate change. Jane A. Bullock • George D. Haddow K25775 Kim S. Haddow • Damon P. Coppola 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue an informa business 2N ePwar kY oSrqku, aNreY, 1M0i0lt1o7n Park w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m AN A U E R B A C H B O O K Bullock • Haddow • Haddow • Coppola LIVING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE LIVING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE How Communites Are Surviving and Triving in a Changing Climate LIVING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE How Communites Are Surviving and Triving in a Changing Climate Jane A. Bullock • George D. Haddow Kim S. Haddow • Damon P. Coppola Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business A N A U E R B A C H B O O K Cover photo, center row, center photo: Napa River Dry Bypass—Napa River Flood Protection. US EPA. http://www.epa.gov/region9/mediacenter/napariver/gal- lery/tour4.jpg CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150805 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-2539-2 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com We dedicate this book to Dave Dickson whose untimely passing has robbed us all of a great leader in disaster risk reduction. Contents Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... xiii Authors .............................................................................................................................................xv Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xvii Introduction .................................................................................................................................. xxiii Chapter 1 Learning to Survive and Thrive in a Changed Climate ...............................................1 Kim S. Haddow Introduction ..................................................................................................................1 A Stepped-Up Timetable Has Increased the Need for Urgent Action .........................1 “Time Is Not on Our Side” ...........................................................................................2 Limiting and Living with Climate Change ..................................................................2 Cities Lead the Way .....................................................................................................5 Adaptation Planning Is Picking Up, but Implementation Lags .................................. 10 Challenges Cities Face ............................................................................................... 13 How Cities Have Succeeded in Moving from Resilience Planning to Action ........... 15 Common Elements and Practices Shared by Resilient Communities ........................ 16 Leadership ............................................................................................................. 16 A Crisis Sparked Change ...................................................................................... 17 Climate Preparedness and Resilience Building Were Folded into Existing Plans and Planning Processes ............................................................................... 18 Cities Are Preparing for Climate Change, but Not Calling It That ...................... 19 Cities Took Actions That Have Co-Benefts ..........................................................22 A Broad Array of Local Stakeholders, Including the Public and the Business Community, Have Been Involved in Planning ..........................23 Found a Way to Pay for Programs and Activities That Build Resilience ..............25 Adaptation in Action .............................................................................................28 Requiring That Climate Change Impacts Be Factored into Plans, Programs, and Budgets ...........................................................................................................28 Enacting Provisions to Protect Infrastructure and Ecosystems ............................28 Regulating the Location, Design, and Construction of Buildings, Roads, and Bridges ............................................................................................................29 Improving Emergency Preparation, Response, and Recovery ..............................30 Implementation of Resource Conservation Strategies .......................................... 31 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 31 References .................................................................................................................. 31 Chapter 2 Community Risk Implications ................................................................................... 35 Damon P. Coppola Introduction ................................................................................................................ 35 Effect of Climate Change on Community Risk .........................................................36 Infuence of Climate Change on Community Hazards ..............................................46 Sea-Level Rise ............................................................................................................ 47 Changes in Sea Surface Temperature and pH (Acidity) ............................................. 51 Increased, Decreased, and Unpredictable Precipitation Levels ................................. 52 Increasing Average Annual Temperatures ................................................................. 56 vii Contents viii Stronger (Yet Less Frequent) Storms ......................................................................... 62 Health-Related Issues .................................................................................................64 Power Failure ..............................................................................................................66 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 67 References ..................................................................................................................68 Chapter 3 The Stages of Adaptive Planning ............................................................................... 71 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 71 Planning and Climate Change: Creating Resilience in US Communities ................. 71 James Schwab Introduction ........................................................................................................... 71 Mitigation versus Adaptation ................................................................................ 72 The Rise of Resilience ........................................................................................... 73 Moving toward Integrated Hazards Planning ....................................................... 74 Climate Adaptation in the Mitigation Plan ...........................................................77 Regional Approaches ............................................................................................. 79 Local Approaches .................................................................................................. 79 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 81 Climate Adaptation for Emergency Managers ........................................................... 81 Eric Holdeman Playing Catch-Up................................................................................................... 81 Hazards Increasing ................................................................................................ 82 Moisture, Too Much or Too Little ......................................................................... 82 Terminology Defned ............................................................................................. 82 The Politics of Climate Change ............................................................................. 83 The Emergency Manager’s Role ............................................................................ 83 Consequence Management ....................................................................................84 Warning .................................................................................................................84 Adaptation .............................................................................................................85 Moving Forward ....................................................................................................85 Expect the Unexpected ..........................................................................................86 References ..................................................................................................................86 Chapter 4 The Role of Local, State, and Federal Governments in Climate Change Adaptation .... 89 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 89 Recent Actions That Federal, State, and Local Governments Are Engaged in Relative to the Issues Arising from the Impacts of Climate Change ..................... 89 Jane A. Bullock Introduction ........................................................................................................... 89 Federal Government Efforts in Climate Change................................................... 91 State, Local, and Tribal Leaders Task Force on Climate Preparedness and Resilience ........................................................................................................94 Current Federal Agencies Actions on Climate Change ........................................94 Adaptation Programs at Federal Agencies ............................................................97 Federal Hazard Mitigation Programs ....................................................................97 State and Local Actions on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation ........... 107 State and Local Adaptation Plans ....................................................................... 109
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