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Living With Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability and Resilience in Vietnam (Global Environmental Change) PDF

337 Pages·2001·1.74 MB·English
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Living with Environmental Change Vietnam and the neighbouring countries of Southeast Asia face a diverse set of challenges created by the rapid evolution of their social, economic and environ- mental systems. The editors of this book argue that any sustainable development strategy must include measures to avert adverse impacts on society and the environment and protect those most at risk. Using a multidisciplinary approach, Living with Environmental Change provides a comprehensive assessment of the factors shaping vulnerability and resilience in Vietnam, and the prospects for sustainable development, as social and economic renovation transforms this enigmatic society. Vietnamese, European and North American authors examine land use, forestry, coastal resources, disaster manage- ment, urbanisation and industrialisation, as well as relations between Vietnam and its neighbours over shared resources, in a stimulating mixture of environmental and social science. The lessons from the past investigated in this important collection will prove to be of pressing relevance to current and future generations. The volume will be of considerable interest to scientists concerned with society’s response to environ- mental change, not just in Southeast Asia but worldwide. Students and policy makers wanting to learn more about interdisciplinary approaches as well as environmental change will also find this book a thought-provoking read. W. Neil Adger is a Lecturer in Environmental Economics in the School of Environmental Sciences and Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE) at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. P. Mick Kelly is a Reader with the Climatic Research Unit in the School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, and a Senior Research Fellow with CSERGE. Nguyen Huu Ninh is Chairman of the Centre for Environment Research, Education and Development, Hanoi, Vietnam and the Director of the Global Environment Programme of the Hanoi University of Science. Routledge Research Global Environmental Change Series Editorial Advisory Board: Alister Scott, Jim Skea, Michael Redclift, Martin Parry, Timothy O’Riordan, Robin Grove-White, Kathy Homewood, Judith Rees, Camilla Toulmin, Kerry Turner, Richard Welford and Stephen Yearley 1 The Condition of Sustainability Ian Drummond and Terry Marsden 2 Working the Sahel Environment and society in northern Nigeria Michael Mortimore and Bill Adams 3 Global Trade and Global Social Issues Edited by Annie Taylor and Caroline Thomas 4 Environmental Policies and NGO Influence Land degradation and sustainable resource management in sub-Saharan Africa Edited by Alan Thomas, Susan Carr and David Humphreys 5 The Sociology of Energy, Buildings and the Environment Constructing knowledge, designing practice Simon Guy and Elizabeth Shove 6 Living with Environmental Change Social vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in Vietnam Edited by W. Neil Adger, P. Mick Kelly and Nguyen Huu Ninh 7 Land and Limits Interpreting sustainability in the planning process Susan Owens and Richard Cowell 8 The Business of Greening Edited by Stephen Fineman 9 Industry and Environment in Latin America Edited by Rhys Jenkins Also available in the Routledge Global Environmental Change Series: Timescapes of Modernity Barbara Adam Reframing Deforestation James Fairhead and Melissa Leach British Environmental Policy and Europe Edited by Philip Lowe and Stephen Ward The Politics of Sustainable Development Edited by Susan Baker, Maria Kousis, Dick Richardson and Stephen Young Argument in the Greenhouse Mick Mabey, Stephen Hall, Clare Smith and Sujata Gupta Environmentalism and the Mass Media Graham Chapman, Keval Kumar, Caroline Fraser and Ivor Gaber Environmental Change in Southeast Asia Edited by Michael Parnwell and Raymond Bryant The Politics of Climate Change Edited by Timothy O’Riordan and Jill Jaeger Population and Food Tim Dyson The Environment and International Relations Edited by John Vogler and Mark Imber Global Warming and Energy Demand Edited by Terry Barker, Paul Ekins and Nick Johnstone Social Theory and the Global Environment Edited by Michael Redclift and Ted Benton Living with Environmental Change Social vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in Vietnam Edited by W. Neil Adger, P. Mick Kelly and Nguyen Huu Ninh London and New York First published 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2001 selection and editorial material W. Neil Adger, P. Mick Kelly and Nguyen Huu Ninh; individual chapters, the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storate or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Living with environmental change: social vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in Vietnam / edited by W. Neil Adger, P. Mick Kelly and Nguyen Huu Ninh. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Vietnam – Economic conditions – 1975–. 2. Vietnam – Environmental conditions. 3. Sustainable development – Vietnam. I. Adger, W. Neil. 1964–. II. Kelly, P. Mick, 1951–. III. Ninh, Huu Nguyen, 1954–. HC444.L58 2001 333.7'09597 – dc21 00-047054 ISBN 0-203-99557-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-415-21722-9 (Print Edition) Contents List of figures ix List of tables xi List of boxes xiii List of contributors xiv Preface xix PART 1 Vietnam and environmental change 1 1 Environment, society and precipitous change 3 W. NEIL ADGER, P. MICK KELLY AND NGUYEN HUU NINH 2 Social vulnerability and resilience 19 W. NEIL ADGER AND P. MICK KELLY 3 Managing environmental change in Vietnam 35 P. MICK KELLY, TRAN VIET LIEN, HOANG MINH HIEN, NGUYEN HUU NINH AND W. NEIL ADGER 4 Historical perspectives on environment and development 59 CECILIA LUTTRELL PART 2 The natural resource base 77 5 Property rights, institutions and resource management: coastal resources under doi moi 79 W. NEIL ADGER, P. MICK KELLY, NGUYEN HUU NINH AND NGO CAM THANH 6 Forest land allocation and deforestation processes in the uplands 93 DAVIDE PETTENELLA viii Contents 7 Sustainable agriculture in the northern uplands: attitudes, constraints and priorities of ethnic minorities 109 ANDREAS NEEF 8 Environmental change, ecosystem degradation and the value of wetland rehabilitation in the Mekong Delta 122 DUONG VAN NI, ROGER SAFFORD AND EDWARD MALTBY 9 Mangrove conservation and restoration for enhanced resilience 136 NGUYEN HOANG TRI, PHAN NGUYEN HONG, W. NEIL ADGER AND P. MICK KELLY 10 Responding to El Niño and La Niña: averting tropical cyclone impacts 154 P. MICK KELLY, HOANG MINH HIEN AND TRAN VIET LIEN PART 3 Development pathways 183 11 Trade, investment and industrial pollution: lessons from Southeast Asia 185 RHYS JENKINS 12 Sustainable urbanisation and environmental issues in Vietnam 213 DAVID DRAKAKIS-SMITH AND ANDREA KILGOUR 13 Politics, ecology and water: the Mekong Delta and development of the Lower Mekong Basin 234 CHRIS SNEDDON AND NGUYEN THANH BINH 14 Prospects for sustainable development 263 W. NEIL ADGER, P. MICK KELLY AND NGUYEN HUU NINH List of references 271 Index 304 Figures 1.1 Gross Domestic Product growth rate, 1990–1995, for selected ‘transition’ economies 13 1.2 Area under crops and food staple output for Vietnam, 1976–1994 14 1.3 Estimates of birth and death rates for North Vietnam, 1930–1979 15 1.4 Relationship between income inequality and GDP per capita for selected ‘market’ and former centrally planned economies 17 2.1 How inequality and vulnerability are linked. 23 3.1 Seasonal cycle in monthly mean temperature (minimum and maximum) and total rainfall for Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City 37 3.2 Growth in electricity output during the 1990s 53 5.1 Property rights regimes and conflicts in mangrove conversion in Quang Ninh Province 84 5.2 Lorenz curves showing distribution of incomes in (a) Le Loi and (b) Thong Nhat 90 5.3 Contribution of income sources to inequality for Le Loi and Thong Nhat Communes 91 6.1 Location of forestry case study areas: Thuong Lo Commune, Thua Thien Hue Province, and Phong Du Commune, Quang Ninh Province 99 6.2 A proposed framework for organising the land use planning and allocation process 101 7.1 Location of case study areas: Son La and Bac Kan Provinces 110 8.1 The Mekong Delta and the two low-lying depression areas with different geomorphology and hydrology, labelled ‘flood plain’ and ‘broad depression’ 124 8.2 Rice cropping systems calendar of the Mekong Delta 125 8.3 Conceptualising the relations between natural resources and rural inhabitants of the Mekong Delta 129 8.4 Seasonal variation in acidity of surface water in relation to present land uses on acid sulphate soils at Hoa An, Mekong Delta 131 8.5 Sources of dissolved substances in surface water in a Melaleuca ecosystem in the Mekong Delta 132

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