Lithium-ion batteries : advanced materials and technologies

418 Pages·2011·15.7 MB·English

by  Xianxia Yuan

GREEN CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Materials Science L
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“This book is an excellent resource of up-to-date information on
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lithium-ion battery materials. … Each chapter is thoroughly prepared
by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields. Most LITHIUM-ION
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of the chapters include an overview of the development of specific U
components and authors’ own research advances as well. This well-
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written and comprehensive book will attract a broad range of readers BATTERIES
in both the scientific community and the public.”
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—Andy X. Sun, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada I
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In Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Materials and Technologies, Advanced Materials and Technologies
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leading international specialists from universities, government
laboratories, and the lithium-ion battery industry share their

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knowledge and insights on recent advances in the fundamental
theories, experimental methods, and research achievements of A
lithium-ion battery technology.
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Along with coverage of state-of-the-art manufacturing processes, the T
book focuses on the technical progress and challenges of cathode
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materials, anode materials, electrolytes, and separators. It also
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presents numerical modeling and theoretical calculations, discusses
the design of safe and powerful lithium-ion batteries, and describes I
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approaches for enhancing the performance of next-generation
lithium-ion battery technology. S
With comprehensive and up-to-date information on lithium-ion battery
principles, experimental research, numerical modeling, industrial
Edited by
manufacturing, and future prospects, this volume will help you not
only select existing materials and technologies but also develop new aY
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LITHIUM-ION
BATTERIES
Advanced Materials and Technologies
GREEN CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Series Editor: Sunggyu Lee
Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials Properties and Performance
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials Properties and Performance
Jeffrey Fergus, Rob Hui, Xianguo Li, David P. Wilkinson, and Jiujun Zhang
Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries:
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Krishnan Sankaranarayanan, Jakob de Swaan Arons, and Hedzer van der Kooi
Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook
Xing L. Yan and Ryutaro Hino
Magneto Luminous Chemical Vapor Deposition
Hirotsugu Yasuda
Carbon-Neutral Fuels and Energy Carriers
Nazim Z. Muradov and T. Nejat Vezirogˇlu
Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide
Janusz Nowotny
Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Materials and Technologies
Xianxia Yuan, Hansan Liu, and Jiujun Zhang
GREEN CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LITHIUM-ION
BATTERIES
Advanced Materials and Technologies
Edited by
Xianxia Yuan, Hansan Liu,
and Jiujun Zhang

Contents
Preface.....................................................................................................................vii
Editors.......................................................................................................................ix
Contributors..........................................................................................................xiii
1. Material Challenges and Perspectives........................................................1
Daiwon Choi, Wei Wang, and Zhenguo Yang
2. Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries..........................................51
Zhumabay Bakenov and Izumi Taniguchi
3. Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.............................................97
Ricardo Alcántara, Pedro Lavela, Carlos Pérez-Vicente, and José L. Tirado
4. Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.....................................................147
Alexandra Lex-Balducci, Wesley Henderson, and Stefano Passerini
5. Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries.......................................................197
Shriram Santhanagopalan and Zhengming (John) Zhang
6. First-Principles Methods in the Modeling of Li-Ion Battery
Materials.....................................................................................................253
John S. Tse and Jianjun Yang
7. A Multidimensional, Electrochemical-Thermal Coupled
Lithium-Ion Battery Model.......................................................................303
Gang Luo and Chao-Yang Wang
8. State-of-the-Art Production Technology of Cathode and
Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries..........................................327
Guoxian Liang and Dean D. MacNeil
v

Preface
Energy.conversion.and.energy.storage.are.becoming.more.and.more.impor-
tant.in.today’s.society.due.to.the.increased.demand.for.stationary.and.
mobile.power..In.particular,.electrochemical.energy.conversion.and.storage.
devices.using.battery.technologies.have.recently.attracted.attention.world-
wide.in.terms.of.technology.development.and.commercialization..For.exam-
ple,.lithium-ion.batteries.have.been.considered.one.of.the.most.promising.
energy.conversion.and.storage.devices.due.to.their.intrinsic.advantages.such.
as.high.energy.density,.high.efficiency,.superior.rate.capability,.and.long.
cycling.life.compared.with.other.batteries..Since.their.commercialization.in.
1991,.lithium-ion.batteries.have.been.widely.used.as.power.sources.for.por-
table.devices,.cordless.tools,.and.laptops..Furthermore,.in.recent.years,.great.
advancements.in.lithium-ion.batteries.have.made.this.technology.feasible.in.
some.special.applications.such.as.electric.vehicle.power.sources,.stationary.
energy.storage.systems.for.solar.and.wind.energy,.and.smart.grids..Due.to.
their.significant.roles.in.global.energy.conversion.and.storage,.the.invest-
ment.in.research.and.development.(R&D).from.governments,.industries,.and.
the.public.has.increased.considerably.in.recent.years.
This.book.is.designed.to.draw.a.clear.picture.of.the.current.status.of.
.lithium-ion.batteries,.with.a.focus.on.the.technical.progress,.challenges,.and.
perspectives.in.the.field.of.cathode.materials,.anode.materials,.electrolytes,.
separators,.numerical.modeling.and.theoretical.calculation,.and.state-of-
the-art.manufacturing.processes..Design.of.safe.and.powerful.lithium-ion.
batteries.and.the.methods/approaches.for.enhancing.the.performance.of.
next-generation.lithium-ion.battery.technology.are.also.presented.and.dis-
cussed.in.this.book..A.group.of.top.scientists.and.engineers.working.on.
.lithium-ion.batteries.with.not.only.excellent.academic.records.but.also.strong.
industrial.expertise.were.invited.to.contribute.chapters..In.this.book,.these.
leading.experts.from.universities,.government.laboratories,.and.lithium-ion.
battery.industries.in.North.America,.Europe,.and.Asia.share.their.knowl-
edge,.information,.and.insights.on.recent.advances.in.the.fundamental.theo-
ries,.experimental.methodologies,.and.research.achievements.in.lithium-ion.
battery.technology.
In.Chapter.1,.Choi,.Wang,.and.Yang.discuss.the.challenges.of.and.per-
spectives. for. lithium-ion. battery. materials. including. cathode. materials,.
anode.materials,.electrolytes,.and.separators,.in.addition.to.providing.a.
comprehensive.review.in.principle,.history,.and.current.status.of.lithium-
ion.battery.technology..The.necessities.and.the.corresponding.performance.
requirements.for.next-generation.lithium-ion.batteries.are.also.described..In.
Chapter 2,.Bakenov.and.Taniguchi.survey.the.research.progress.of.cathode.
materials.with.layered,.spinel,.and.olivine.structures.for.lithium-ion.batteries.
vii
viii Preface
and.highlight.their.work.on.using.spray.pyrolysis.technique.to.prepare.high-
performance.cathode.materials..In.Chapter.3,.Tirado.and.coworkers.over-
view.the.research.progress.of.lithium-ion.battery.anode.materials,.including.
carbon.materials,.transition.metal.oxides,.nitrides,.phosphides,.antimonides,.
silicon/silicon-based.compounds,.and.tin/tin-based.compounds..In.Chapter.
4,.Passerini.and.his.colleagues.describe.the.current.status.of.electrolytes.
for.lithium-ion.batteries..Organic.solvent–based.liquid.electrolytes,.ionic.
liquids,.polymer.electrolytes,.aqueous.electrolytes,.glass,.and.ceramic.elec-
trolytes.are.covered..In.Chapter.5,.Santhanagopalan.and.Zhang.provide.a.
comprehensive.review.of.separators.for.diverse.rechargeable.lithium.batter-
ies,.including.lithium-ion.batteries,.lithium-polymer.batteries,.and.lithium-
ion.gel.polymer.batteries..Future.directions.for.separator.development.are.
also.discussed..In.Chapter.6,.Tse.and.Yang.survey.the.application.of.first.
principles.to.theoretically.predict.material.properties.of.lithium-ion.batter-
ies..They.discuss.the.advantages.and.disadvantages.of.each.first-principles.
method.in.the.calculation.of.electrode.materials.and.perspective.future.
research.directions..In.Chapter.7,.Luo.and.Wang.present.their.effort.in.devel-
oping. a. three-dimensional. electrochemical-thermal. coupled. lithium-.ion.
battery.model.based.on.computational.fluid.dynamics.techniques.for.large-
format.automotive.batteries..The.strategies.for.performance.enhancement.of.
large-format.lithium-ion.batteries.are.also.proposed..In.Chapter.8,.Liang.and.
MacNeil.give.a.detailed.description.of.state-of-the-art.production.technolo-
gies.for.lithium-ion.battery.cathode.and.anode.materials..In.particular,.they.
introduce.the.required.technologies.and.principles.for.material.quality.and.
process.control.in.manufacturing.electrode.materials.
We.hope.this.book.will.be.a.good.resource.for.electrochemists,.material.
scientists,.students,.industrial.professionals,.manufacturers,.and.the.public,.
providing.comprehensive.and.up-to-date.information.on.lithium-ion.battery.
principles,.current.status,.and.future.prospects..The.information.in.this.book.
will.be.very.helpful.for.readers.in.selecting.existing.materials/technologies.
and.developing.new.materials/technologies.to.improve.lithium-ion.battery.
performance..We.anticipate.that.this.book.will.also.be.used.as.a.reference.
by.postsecondary.undergraduate.and.graduate.students.and.scientists.and.
engineers.who.work.in.the.areas.of.energy.and.electrochemical.science/
technology.
We.express.our.appreciation.to.CRC.Press.for.inviting.us.to.lead.this.book.
project,.and.we.thank.Allison.Shatkin.and.Jessica.Vakili.for.their.guidance.
and.support.in.smoothing.the.book.preparation.process..We.gratefully.
acknowledge.all.the.chapter.authors.for.their.enthusiastic,.collaborative,.and.
reliable.contributions..Finally,.our.deepest.special.appreciation.goes.to.our.
families.for.their.understanding.and.their.ongoing.support.
Xianxia.Yuan.
Hansan.Liu.
Jiujun.Zhang
Editors
Dr. Xianxia Yuan.is.an.associate.pro-
fessor. in. the. Department. of. Chemical.
Engineering,. Shanghai. Jiao. Tong.
University,.China..She.received.her.BS.
and.MS.in.electrochemistry.from.Harbin.
Engineering.University.in.1996.and.1999,.
respectively,. and. her. PhD. in. material.
physics. and. chemistry. from. Shanghai.
Institute.of.Microsystem.and.Information.
Technology,. Chinese. Academics. of.
Sciences.in.2002..She.has.been.on.the.
faculty.at.Shanghai.Jiao.Tong.University.
since.then..Dr..Yuan.worked.as..visiting.
professor.in.Chao-Yang.Wang’s.group.at.
Pennsylvania.State.University.in.2008–2009..
Dr..Yuan.has.16.years.of.research.experience.on.materials.and.technol-
ogy.for.the.lithium-ion.battery,.proton-exchange.membrane.fuel.cell,.direct.
methanol.fuel.cell,.and.nickel.metal.hydride.battery..She.has.led.or.been.
involved.in.over.20.national.and.international.projects.funded.by.govern-
ments.or.industries.in.China,.the.United.States,.and.Japan..Dr..Yuan.has.pub-
lished.more.than.70.research.papers.in.peer-reviewed.journals.and.authored.
two.patents.and.two.book.chapters.on.batteries.and.fuel.cells..Dr..Yuan.is.an.
active.member.of.the.Electrochemical.Society.and.the.International.Society.
of.Electrochemistry.
ix