Literacy in a Digital World : Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information

311 Pages·2014·8.088 MB·English

by  Tyner, Kathleen

L I T E R A C Y
Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information
Ml E
K A T H L E E N T Y N E R
LITERACY IN A DIGITAL WORLD
Teaching and Learning in the
Age of Information
This page intentionally left blank
LITERACY IN A DIGITAL WORLD
Teaching and Learning in the
Age of Information
KATHLEEN TYNER
Ö Routledge
Taylor&FrancisGroup
NEW YORK AND LONDON
Rnl psbluhed by
Liutciku Erlbaum AisOtiHiS. t*i„ PuNijteti
10 JikJusUlzJ Avnue
Miiliwih. New iarscy
TnnsPtircil La Digital Priming 21)09 by P.unlr J^c
27ft Mjcislmi Ave, New Ywk KV 10016
2 PiA Sqjiif, Milcnn PjrV, Abin^iinn, Oian, (IX 14 -KN
Copyright © 199S by Lawrcrirc Brtbiam Assozi^ti. inc.
All nghts reserved. No |uir nf [he hoci it.¿7 lie reproduced in
any form. by plKJltulal rttkrvfufm. inncvil ty'SInti. ut illy Olhcr
mtzju, Vf iihnui the [in nr wriiua permirjiwi (if lhe pt&lidKr.
C<s*tt irsijFl by K*hfyn Huug*<iJing Lacey
Jjhrary of Congress CatB^aglng-inPublbcfllimt Dila
Tyner, Kiihken R.
Literacy in a digit*! wertJ ; it*;h, *i and kuiiinc u ihe jg# of intormaiKm t
KjfhJrr-n Ty*ri
p
cm.
include» reiHMnce* jibj ir dew
JSBN 0-8050-2227-5 (hM0«»Ker *lk p«ral — ISBN 0-8058-22 M-7
(pbk : ilk paper!
I. CorcfWtcre and literacy, 2, M:d-i li«**cy i M«s ffiedis in
eduiatifh 4 c~Xl :m rni.il iftotivtliW I. Tilk
111 1
LCI49 5.T96 1998.
W2 2’2*4—dc2l 9B-252<W
CIP
ISBN 978-J -135-*$fl6&-4
PubJUher's Note
The ptdiluher has gone li> jreui lengths to eiuure ihe qiuUty cif Ihi-i reprint
bul points out that »me imperfections in the original id» be appmeat.
For my sister
Trudy Tyner
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
1 PAUSE ON LITERACY FAST FORWARD
Rewind to Referencing Past 13
Literacy Through a Glass Darkly 15
Literacy and Schooling 18
On the Horns of Plato’s Dilemma 20
2 EXPANDING LITERACY
Literacy as Discourse: Theory at the Turn of the
21st Century 28
The Discourse of Schooling 29
Literacy Myths and Their Consequences 31
When Past and Future Collide 33
Erasing the Myths of Literacy 36
Avoiding False Dichotomies 40
3 DIVERGENCE AND CONVERGENCE
ON THE ELECTRONIC FRONTIER
Mass Communication Study at the Crossroads 44
Scanning the Faultline 45
In Search of Digital Literacy 48
viii
CONTENTS
Whptcha Doin’ Marshall McLuhan? 52
From Oral to Print to Electronic and Back Again 55
Converging Literacy, Communication, and Educational
Theory 57
4 SPLINTERING LITERACIES 60
A New Literacy for a New Age 61
A Case for Multiliteracies 63
5 BEYOND ACCESS 69
Educational Technology: Tools in Search of a Theory 71
Networked Computers as Literacy 75
Computers as Literacy 77
The Sum of the Parts 79
Literacy Tools in Action: Crossing the Divide 86
Reframing the Access Issue 89
6 REPRESENTING LITERACY IN THE AGE
OF INFORMATION 92
Linking Literacies 93
The Literacy of Libraries 97
A Closer Look at Visual Literacy 104
Visual Literacy in Practice: Codes and Contexts 109
(What in the World Is) Media Literacy? 113
Media Education in Europe 114
Defining Media Literacy 118
Constituencies for Media Literacy Education 122
Media Teaching About Media 123
Media Education in Print 126
7 TREADING WATER: MEDIA EDUCATION
IN THE UNITED STATES 129
Dissecting the Critical Viewing Movement of the 1970s 133
Conflicting Purposes of Literacy 139
Protecting Other People's Children 140
Jammin' for a Better Tomorrow 149
8 MOVING TOWARD AN ACQUISITION MODEL
OF MEDIA EDUCATION 153
An Arts-Based Approach to Media Education 156
The San Francisco Digital Media Center:
An Arts-Based Approach in Action 160
Critical Democratic Approaches to Media Education 162
9 REPRESENTING DIVERSITY—MEDIA ANALYSIS
IN PRACTICE 166
Diversity and the Myth of Educational Failure 167
CONTENTS ix
Teaching in the Diverse Classroom 169
Diversity and the Pop Culture Canon 1 70
The Case tor Cognitive Apprenticeships in Language
and Literacy Learning 173
Cognitive Apprenticeships in the Diverse Classroom 175
Cognitive Apprenticeships for Media Education 177
Cognitive Apprenticeships With Student-Produced
Work 179
The Case for Video Production in the Diverse
Classroom 7>S'j
Video as a Scaffolding Medium 183
Representation and Reproduction 185
10 TOWARD AN INTERACTIVE EDUCATION 195
Coming to Consensus 197
The Marriage of Analysis and Production 198
In Search of Media Education Standards 200
Exemplary Media Education Standards
in the United States 202
Research and Practice 224
Scaling Up Local Critical Literacy Efforts 226
Why Media Education? 228
AFTERWORD: A TALE OF TWO CITIES 231
Literacy in a Rural Setting 232
Literacy in an Urban Landscape 243
APPENDIX: Global Multiliteracy Networks 255
REFERENCES 258
AUTHOR INDEX 275
SUBJECT INDEX 281