Linux User & Developer 134 - Raspberry Pi: 10 Practical Projects

100 Pages·2013·22.223 MB·English

by  Russell Barnes

THE MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR THE GNU GENERATION
www.linuxuser.co.uk
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RASPBERRY PI
10 PRACTICAL PROJECTS
Make a Twitter bot • Code a game • Build a website • Mod Minecraft + much more
R
A Manage code Code
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R with Mercurial
R
Y P Master version control with Qt
I 1
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TIC “Open source is coding in easy steps
A
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P here to stay”
R
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C SUSE’s Ralf Flaxa
T
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on the future of FOSS
SUSECoonn
The latest news from
SUSE’s annual meet
Take your
network
anywhere
Linux Mint 16
w
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.lin Is it still the greatest distro out there? All your devices, wherever you are
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e ALSO INSIDE The best for backup? Fedora 20 ISSUE 134 £5.99
r.c » How to profile your code ISSN 2041-3270 34 >
o
.u » OggCamp 2013 special We test Securstore to see if its The latest beta
k » Graphics with gnuplot high-end solution can work for you goes on test 9 772041 327002
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Full Page.indd 1 26/11/2013 09:48
Welcome
to issue 134 of Linux User & Developer
Get
This issue Linux User
… Rob Zwetsloot studied aerospace engineering
at university, using Python to for £4.19
model complex simulations in
s class. This issue our resident staff » Linux Mint 16 reviewed per issue
writer Rob was tasked with writing
t a few of the Raspberry Pi projects » Get practical with the Pi
r for this month’s cover feature Page 42
e and test four leading slideshow » Write better code with Qt
applications among other things.
p » Take your network anywhere
Tam Hanna has been in the IT business since
x
the days of the Palm IIIc. Serving
e as journalist, tutor, speaker and Welcome to the latest edition of Linux User &
author of scientifi c books, he has Developer, the UK and America’s favourite open
x seen every aspect of the mobile
market more than once. This source and Linux magazine.
u month Tam continues his ‘code Whenever we talk to friends or readers about the
with Qt’ series with a look at event-
n driven programming (pages 60-63). Raspberry Pi, we fi nd ourselves surprised at just how
many of them already own one or plan to get one for
Li Mihalis Tsoukalos is a UNIX system Christmas. They’re often really enthusiastic about the
administrator with expertise in
programming, databases and prospect of doing something fun or useful with it, but of those
f
maths. He has been using Linux
o that already own one, they’ll often admit that they haven’t
since 1993. For issue 134 of Linux
User & Developer, Mihalis shows us even taken it out of the box.
m how to create 2D and 3D graphics
That’s why this issue we’ve put together another ten
with gnuplot. His four-page guide
can be found on pages 52-55. Raspberry Pi projects, but this time we’re focusing on more
a
practical projects anyone could turn their hand to. If you’ve
e Michael Reed is a technology writer, and he’s
been hacking away at Linux for never had a go at coding in Python or struggle to know what to
t over 15 years. He specialises in do with your new camera module, you can try these projects
desktop Linux solutions among
r other things. This month Michael and be up and running in no time. Since we’ve included all the
u shows us how to take our home or code and workings of the projects, you can hack the code and
offi ce networks with us wherever
o we go using the power of virtual change them to suit your needs.
Y private networks. Elsewhere this issue we’re helping developers write event-
Jon Masters is a Linux kernel hacker who has driven code with Qt, create graphics with the excellent gnuplot
been working on Linux for some and manage their projects with Mercurial, an excellent version
18 years, since he fi rst attended
control package we used before turning to Git.
university at the age of 13. Jon lives
in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Enjoy the issue!
and works for a large enterprise
Linux vendor. You can fi nd his
indispensable Kernel Column on Russell Barnes, Editor
pages 18-19 this month.
Get in touch with the team:
Gareth Halfacree is our resident news
reporter and brings us the latest
from all over the open source [email protected]
ecosystem, starting on page 10.
Gareth also shares his opinions
on Securstore, a scalable backup Buy online
solution that promises to suit your Facebook: Twitter:
needs, enterprise or otherwise. Linux User & Developer @linuxusermag
Visit us online for more news, opinion, tutorials and reviews:
www.linuxuser.co.uk
3Issue 134
003_LUD_134 PK.indd 3 29/11/2013 16:03
Contents
Reviews
70 PSreosefnttwatiaonr aepps
Which slideshow solution would work
best for you? We put four of the best on
test to see which comes out on top…
Calligra Stage EWIPE
20 10 practical Raspberry Pi projects LO Impress Slidifier
76 Linux Mint 16
More brilliant ideas to try with your Pi!
Find out why it’s still our
preferred distro
OpenSource Tutorials
78 Securstore
06 News 44 Access your network Looking for a heavy-duty
T he biggest stories from the anywhere with a VPN backup solution?
open source world Negotiate the networking minefi eld with ease
81 Fedora 20 beta
16 Opinions 48 Manage your code What’s new in this bleeding-
The latest from your favourite with Mercurial edge release?
free software columnists Look after your projects from the CLI and
desktop with this popular versioning package 83 T he latest Linux
83 Books reads dissected
Read all about the latest 52 Draw with gnuplot
Linux-related books Use this powerful 2D and 3D program to plot
mathematical functions and more F
92 Letters EA
T
Your views on the magazine 56 Profile your code with gprof UR
E
and the open source scene Learn how gprof can help you fi nd
performance bottlenecks in your source code
Features
60 Event-driven programming with Qt
Find out how your GUI applications can
06 OggCamp 2013
benefi t from a sprinkling of Qt
The UK’s largest gathering for
the open hardware community
On your free disc
20 10 practical
Raspberry Pi projects
96 Cover disc
Dust down that Pi and do
Four of the latest Subscribe
something with it!
distros for you to try out
today!
64 SUSECon 2013 on this issue’s DVD! 64 SUSECon 2013 special
Linux User goes to Disney land Linux Mint 16 42 Save at least 30% Linux User catches up with SUSE
for the annual SUSE pilgrimage openSUSE 13.1 on the shop price. management in sunny Florida for the 2013
US customers
Fedora 20 beta can subscribe via annual SUSE conference. Can business
86 Q & A
page 82 and community work as one? It seems so…
Your questions answered SystemRescueCD
Join us online for more Linux news, opinion and reviews www.linuxuser.co.uk
4www.linuxuser.co.uk
004_LUD_134 PK.indd 4 29/11/2013 15:59
Full Page.indd 1 26/11/2013 17:17
06 News | 16 Opinion | 92 Letters
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OGGCAMP 2013
Free software, free culture &
mass surveillance
At OggCamp, the largest UK gathering of free software and open hardware community,
450 geeks met under the shadow of the Snowden revelations
Since the irst issue of Linux User appeared at facilitate an annual meeting of projects and in Wolverhampton, and a chance for groups
the end of the last century, the free software activists. Despite mailing lists, and then the like ORG (the Open Rights Group) to inform the
community has grown and evolved – bringing growth of social networks and social media, community about threats new and threats
in open data, free culture, open hardware – nothing works to help foster community like ever-present. When LugRadio Live reached the
and the nature of its events has changed. The putting hundreds of people in the same place end of its run, the mantle of community-led
Linux Expo, and Linux User Expo, events of the with opportunities to learn new things and talk event was taken by OggCamp, bringing both
past were huge corporate affairs, but the coffers to new people. Free software folk missed an a wider free culture crowd and the broader
of the big companies enabled the .ORG Village annual get-together. content resources of dedicated unconference
to run alongside, providing space for dozens of The irst event to really begin to ill the gap tracks. This autumn, OggCamp brought
FOSS projects and organisations. was LugRadio Live which, harnessing the together 450 people to Liverpool John Moores
When IBM cut off the money supply to popularity of the LUG Radio podcasts, brought University’s Science Park, under the banner of
Linux Expo, a gap was left for some event to international speakers to a community venue ‘Learn, Teach, Play’.
6www.linuxuser.co.uk
006-009 OggCamp2013 PK.indd 6 29/11/2013 12:45
News
The latest in the Linux community
OPEN SOURCE
LINKS and it’s even more worrying when it’s not even your
own government but another nation where you
Look out for announcements on the 2014
have no rights or protection under law.
OggCamp here or at @OggCamp on Twitter:
oggcamp.org Crowdsourcing agenda
Links to slides and feedbacks from 35 DL: One of the great things about running a
OggCamp talks: barcamp event is the agenda is set by attendees
joind.in/event/view/1612/talks and we get to see what they’re interested in. We’ve
always tried to make OggCamp about more than
The Open Rights Group – promoting and just technology. We encourage art, politics and
preserving your digital rights: more. So it’s good to see people talking about
www.openrightsgroup.org important matters like this. I’d like to say it was
part of a grand master plan on our part, but the
Less Wrong is a community blog devoted to
attendees have to take credit. It’s an important and
refining the art of human rationality:
timely subject right now.
lesswrong.com
Automotive Grade Linux – free software Balancing free software, open hardware and
taken up by major car manufacturers: open culture, do you find that OggCamp attracts a
www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/ certain sort of person?
workgroups/automotive-grade-linux DL: I think originally it did. We followed on from the
final LugRadio Live and that definitely attracted
Converting graphic images into pattern
a certain demographic of Linux user, but we’ve
data for a Brother KH950i knitting nDan Lynch – “We try to make our event as
since expanded. We promote the event as a free
machine at OggCamp, using the inclusive and friendly as possible”
software and free culture barcamp. I’ve always
Daviworks hack:
atmosphere. Secure a good venue, the appropriate been keen to promote the idea of open source
punchcardeconomy.co.uk/2013/10/
size, comfortable and well connected to public and sharing knowledge in art, politics, craft,
oggcamp/
transport routes. Conference Wi-Fi is always a cookery and more, not just technology. I think the
challenge, but the last three years we’ve been in philosophy can be applied to so many other areas.
From the community good venues that could deal with the amount of This year was our most diverse for attendees
This year’s OggCamp also assembled stalls visitors and devices. and workshops, I think. We had T-shirt printing and
and demonstrations from great open hardware We try to make our event as inclusive and a lot of craft activities for people to take part in.
projects; speakers on everything from automotive friendly as possible. One of the most satisfying I’ve had great feedback on that and getting more
Linux to the Intercontinental Music Lab; live things for me is when people tell me it’s their first artists involved is important to me. One of the best
editions of several podcasts; and rooms of OggCamp and they weren’t sure what to expect but moments was the closing session where one guy
memorable unconference talks and discussions. had a great time and made new friends. We often commented that his girlfriend had said, “I think I
LUD brings you a snapshot of OggCamp’s free get people saying “I’ll come back next year and finally understand your people now”. There are also
software community magic, but first we catch up bring all my friends!” That helps massively. more kids year on year. That’s the goal, expanding
with event organiser, Dan Lynch – speaking to us our audience.
after the event – to find out what makes OggCamp This year’s event seemed to have everyone in the
work so well. corridors talking about security and privacy… I know these things require planning a long time
DL: I don’t think there was any deliberate effort… ahead. What have you got in mind for next year?
OggCamp has become the biggest community we did have a couple of pre-scheduled talks in DL: Hah, the million dollar question. I honestly have
FOSS event – what’s the secret of building that area, but only two out of the eight on the no plans at all right now. Perhaps we’ll move back
such success? main track. Most of the talks on the NSA… came down South for a year, or perhaps somewhere else,
Dan Lynch: Well, I’m pleased that you say from the barcamp schedule, so it’s obviously what who knows? I’m open to suggestions.
‘community event’ because community really people wanted to talk about. I’m not surprised
is the key thing here. As organisers we strive to at all. We’ve all been shocked by the extent of
make the event the best it possibly can be, but government intrusion into private communications
we’d be lost without the great people who show
I’ve always been keen to promote
up and run workshops, give talks and share ideas.
The irst ever OggCamp took place the day after
the idea of open source and sharing
the inal LugRadio Live and I think that helped
bootstrap us quite a bit. We had 130 people turn
up and, with the barcamp format, this is what knowledge in art, politics, craft, cookery
really makes a good event.
Having said that, there are always basic things and more, not just technology
you can do as an organiser to help foster a good
7www.linuxuser.co.uk
006-009 OggCamp2013 PK.indd 7 29/11/2013 12:45
OpenSource
Your source of Linux news and views
www.linuxuser.co.uk
Email us directly…
For the latest news and views [email protected]
Make it so
■ Registering 450 attendees takes a
From interactive LED clocks to lot of energy from volunteers
kamikaze tricopters, creativity
buzzed around OggCamp
Making things has always been core to
OggCamp. “It’s like a rock concert but the
musicians have soldering irons,” as Dan
n
Lynch explained to the local press. With ea
groups from ROSSLUG and DoES Liverpool eSt
et
(a local co-working and hackerspace) P
+
showing off projects, and a mix of materials m/
o
aanndd tleetcthenr oplorgeisess pfrroinmti nkgn ittot inAgr dmuiancoh ianneds oogle.c
Raspberry Pi, there was plenty to admire us.g
pl
aton md abien ilnescptuirreed s bpya cine .the walk from coffee https://
One benefi t of the large venue was an
e
space for Patrick Fenner (artist-in- St
e
residence at DoES Liverpool), with 300 et
P
Minecraft building blocks and a 20 feet
high Trilateration Crane in the lower atrium. • Transnational, population-level surveillance – Many attendees were seen later making online
Even the commercial stalls were close to not about “individual privacy vs collective security”, purchases of scan-proof card wallets, and vowing
the community. Stacey Driver, of Ragworm but a fundamental threat to democracy. to forsake ATMs for cashback at the till.
UK, was showing off the company’s BBC Backstage’s Ian Forrester was gathering Stuart Coulson’s unconference talk ‘Security is
distinctive orange printed circuit boards, opinions on transparency, data, privacy and the Dead, long live the hacker!’, on security and social
produced to order in small batches for all Internet of Things – with all its mix of proprietary engineering, complemented Freaky Clown’s wake-
sorts of prototypes. protocols and forgotten devices. You could use up call. Once again, the figures are alarming: 50
something like Wireshark to find out what all of million successful attacks, causing a £27bn hit to
They’re watching you your devices are up to, but there needs to be a the economy; 51 per cent of children unprotected
Security and privacy talk started with Javier Ruiz simpler, default way of being aware of what your online. Coulson spoke of “security apathy”, the
of ORG’s intro on ‘PRISM and Mass Surveillance: a personal network of devices is saying. There pervasive feeling that it is all “somebody else’s
turning point’. PRISM gives the NSA direct access was some fascinating debate in the room, but no problem”. “Security is a fireproof safe,” he said,
to data at Google, Facebook and other sites. Ruiz definitive answers. There should be a video out protecting to a certain temperature and time.
also spoke of GCHQ’s Tempora, giving security from the BBC before the ink is dry on this issue. These two talks left many attendees resolved
agencies access to the last three days of every to make immediate changes to the security of their
connection made through internet connections to PIN = ‘1234’ networks and online activities, but Jon Spriggs’s
the UK; Bullrun/Edgehill, breaking encryption and The talk from Freaky Clown on ‘How I rob banks talk on SQRL, the new draft open standard for
security protocols, possibly weakening even open and why YOU should be scared’ hit home on just secure website login and authentication, was a
source security; and XKeyscan, extracting and how weak security is around our data (particularly welcome positive antidote to the security doom
indexing metadata into tables which can make that of the banks, and so our money). Recording and gloom. Snowden revelations also fed into the
the metadata as informative as the actual data. devices had to be switched off during this talk, Panel Discussion, but this also had a breadth of
Some shocking fi gures were given: millions but we can tell you that it was proven how easy coverage from Adrian McEwen’s suggestion for
of iPhone address books copied; and 850,000 it is for anyone to walk straight into so-called “digital civics” classes for all, through positive
• Starter examples require no soldering at all
people in the USA with clearance to see your secure buildings and walk out with pictures of praise for recent changes in coding in schools, to
• Plug in wires and breadboard to make building easy and
data, but no oversight. The UK is seen by the rest login screens, and sacks full of paper supposedly praise for OggCamp’s family-friendly atmosphere.
fast
of Europe as “not safe”, with some visitors not secured for safe disposal. Freaky Clown’s job is to
• A pre installed and configured Raspberry Pi OS makes
travelling to the country with a laptop containing help banks find weaknesses in their security, but Open Hardware Jam
using your Pi a breeze
their private encryption keys. there are many finding weaknesses for their own, Last year the Open Hardware Jam had a whole
• Examples you build can be mixed with our out of the box
Some information-gathering by intelligence criminal purposes. Perhaps putting the money floor to itself. This time the stalls sat next to
wireless devices...how cool!
services is necessary – it would be absurd to say under the mattress is the safe option, after all? the cafe, so everyone got to see the interesting • Ciseco radios can be secured into separate networks and
otherwise – but the key issues, Ruiz said, include: support 128 bit encryption
• No transparency – a lack of democratic debate, The talk from Freaky Clown hit home • "
with even ministers in the dark until the Snowden
revelations appeared in The Guardian. on just how weak security is around our “
• No proper oversight – from judges, and a lack (Gareth Halfacre, CustomPC, Issue 121, Oct 2013)
of technical resources for the committee which data, particularly that of the banks • Made in the UK
oversees the process.
8www.linuxuser.co.uk
006-009 OggCamp2013 PK.indd 8 29/11/2013 12:46
News
The latest in the Linux community
OPEN SOURCE
n as a teaching aid for Python, as Dave Potts by OggCamp), and Mark Johnson (who also
a
Ste demonstrated. ‘Ubuntu for phones vs Firefox OS gave a talk on ‘How to do an OggCamp’, aimed at
e
et Top Trumps’ saw Alan Pope and James Hugman encouraging more people to get involved).
P
m/+ respectively in a friendly comparison of two mobile The lightning talks covered everything from
ogle.co pthreo jeOcStss ,o wni trhe aal cphhaonncee h faorrd awtateren.d Aeleisso tno Cphlaayik wenit’hs Wbaerrceawmoplf c(air cguaimt), et horfo ulegghe nadftaerry- spcohpouolla Criotyd eo nC ltuhbe,
o
us.g ‘Developing Automotive Linux’ showcased Linux to building a clone of the IT Crowd’s ‘Internet Box’.
https://pl sucBceeysosn odn ah adrifdfweraernet, sootrht eorf msotablillse hinarcdluwdaerde .the Pdeavrteilcouplianrgly exsttrreikmineg rawtaiosn aAlilteyx; “WYoilum earre’s at ablkra inon,”
n Free Software Foundation, where you could find he told us. “Your senses lie to you… you build
a
e
St discussion on open BIOSes; and ScraperWiki, up maps. The map is not the territory.” Wilmer
e
et whose CMO, Aine McGuire, told LUD: “OggCamp is rounded off his call to awareness with resources
P
■ Thanks to the tricopters and quadcopters, a wonderful example of a great community event. to help overcome cognitive biases, from Daniel
the event really was buzzing! Dan’s a great resource, and a funny guy.” She told Kahneman’s bestselling Thinking Fast and Slow,
us that ScraperWiki is keen to support anything to lesswrong.com and its spin-off Harry Potter and
projects. Speakers included Nathan Dumont on to “make Liverpool more attractive [to developers] the Methods of Rationality (hpmor.com).
‘Forking Hardware!’, on the advantages to using and evolve the tech community.” Events that pack in such a diverse range of
version control systems to keep track of changes information and thoughtful views of the world are
On-demand talk
– and use diff to compare circuit layouts – and few and far between, so LUD would like to thank
to share progress. Alex Wilmer’s ‘Tricopters and Sometimes a talk is requested, or even demanded, everyone involved in making OggCamp such a
quads: a primer’ introduced flying (and crashing) and many people new to Git asked for such a talk great asset to the free software community. Here’s
multi-rotor helicopters, even on a modest budget. – ‘Git Basics’ was offered by Jon Spriggs (who looking forward to next year.
Popular open-world game Minecraft can be wrote the Campfire software used for OggCamp’s
extended into the real world through Raspberry scheduling), Lorna Mitchell (who leads the JoindIn
Pi and its sensor connections, then used project – open source event feedback – used
Wireless Inventor Kit
for the Raspberry Pi ™
Contains
88

Parts
• Starter examples require no soldering at all
• Plug in wires and breadboard to make building easy and
fast
• A pre installed and configured Raspberry Pi OS makes
using your Pi a breeze
• Examples you build can be mixed with our out of the box
wireless devices...how cool!
• Ciseco radios can be secured into separate networks and
support 128 bit encryption
• "It provides possibly the simplest platform for
experimenting with wireless sensor networks I’ve
ever seen.“
(Gareth Halfacre, CustomPC, Issue 121, Oct 2013)
• Made in the UK
£49.99
www.ciseco.co.uk
Raspberry Pi is a trademark of
the Raspberry Pi Foundation Powering creative minds
006-009 OggCamp2013 PK.indd 9 29/11/2013 12:45
OpenSource
Your source of Linux news and views
www.linuxuser.co.uk
Email us directly…
For the latest news and views [email protected]
EDUCATION
Facebook broadens
Open Academy
Ties learning to real-world
■ Imperial College is one of 22
open source projects establishments signed up to
Facebook’s Open Academy
Social networking giant Facebook has
announced an expansion of its Open Academy
programme, which seeks to tie education
to open source software as a means of
bridging the gap between real-world coding
projects and the drier world of academic
computer science.
Launched in spring 2012 as a trial
partnership between the social networking
company and Stanford University’s Jay
Borenstein, the programme has already
expanded once this year with Facebook’s
most recent announcement confi rming a
total of 22 academic members: Stanford
University, MIT, the University of Texas at
Austin, Cornell University, University of Toronto,
Waterloo University, University of Singapore,
University of Tokyo, Imperial College London,
Jagiellonian University, University of Helsinki,
Tampere University of Technology, University
of Pennsylvania, UC San Diego, Columbia
University, Carnegie Mellon University, UC
Berkeley, Purdue, University of Warsaw, UIUC,
UCLA and the University of Washington.
“Contributing to open source projects is one
of the best ways a student can prepare for a from the programme have included Ruby on Rails, receive academic credit for their contributions to
job in the [computing] industry,” a Facebook the Mozilla Open Badge programme, MongoDB, the open source codebase.”
spokesperson explained at the announcement. Pouch DB, Review Board, Socket IO, Kotlin, Facebook itself is a high-profi le user of and
“Software development as a profession has Freeseer and Phabricator. contributor to the open source world. In addition
many features that are distinct from computer “Open source mentors support their teams to basing its platform on existing open source
science as an academic subject. Projects are by helping students fi nd and understand tasks projects, the company has released many of
often larger than the people who participate in and review code contributions,” Facebook’s its internal tools under permissive licences,
them; project management and interpersonal spokesperson explained. “The course including MapReduce scheduler Corona, big-
relationships can have as much impact on instructors at each university meet with data tool Presto and Android development
software design as technical issues; and student teams at regular intervals to review platform Buck.
systems are ultimately evaluated by user progress. Some instructors overlay a lecture The winter 2014 Open Academy is due
satisfaction rather than technical merit.” series to provide further learning opportunities to formally start in early February, with
The programme pairs teams of students with to students. interested students being asked to apply for
mentors from selected open source projects, “The program works closely with key faculty the programme through the facebook.com/
fl ying to Facebook’s headquarters for a three-day members at top CS universities to launch a OpenAcademyProgram page. Faculty are also
kick-off event before returning home for the work course that matches students with active open invited to discuss new approaches to improving
to begin in earnest. Previous projects benefi ting source projects and mentors and allows them to computer science curricula in general.
10www.linuxuser.co.uk
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