Linux Operations and Administration

492 Pages·2012·7.592 MB·English

by  Alfred Basta, Dustin A. Finamore, Nadine Basta, Serge Palladino

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Linux Operations and Administration
Alfred Basta
Dustin A. Finamore
Nadine Basta
Serge Palladino
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 16 15 14 13 12
Brief Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
CHAPTER 1
Introductionto theLinuxOperatingSystem .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 1
CHAPTER 2
InstallingOpenSUSE... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 15
CHAPTER 3
ManagingFilesandDirectories .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 41
CHAPTER 4
CreatingandEditingFileswithTextEditors .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 71
CHAPTER 5
CreatingShell ScriptsandDisplaying FileContents ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 89
CHAPTER 6
ManagingData:BackupandRecovery Processes.. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 121
CHAPTER 7
ManagingUsersandGroups . ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 143
CHAPTER 8
NetworkCommunications . .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 167
CHAPTER 9
InstallingSoftwarePackages . ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 187
CHAPTER 10
ApacheWebServer ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 207
CHAPTER 11
DomainNameSystem . ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 229
CHAPTER 12
ConfiguringaMailServer . .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 249
CHAPTER 13
WorkingwiththeNetwork FileSystem. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 267
CHAPTER 14
Planningfora LinuxInstallation . .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 287
CHAPTER 15
LinuxFileSystem ManagementandAdministration .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 307
CHAPTER 16
ManagingResourcesinLinux. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 325
CHAPTER 17
NetworkinginaLinuxEnvironment ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 351
CHAPTER 18
UsingSambaforInteroperatingLinux andWindows.. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 371
CHAPTER 19
SecuringLinux .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 389
iii
iv BriefContents
CHAPTER 20
AdvancedLinux Administration. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . 415
GLOSSARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION . .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . xv
CHAPTER 1
Introductionto theLinuxOperatingSystem .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 1
OverviewofOperatingSystemFunctions.................................................... 2
SoftwareLicensingAgreements........................................................ 2
Activity1-1:ReviewingLicensingAgreements ............................................. 3
FunctionsofanOperatingSystem...................................................... 3
HistoryofLinux ..................................................................... 4
OverviewofSUSE ................................................................. 6
LinuxArchitecture.................................................................... 6
Kernel.......................................................................... 7
LinuxDesktopEnvironments ......................................................... 8
LinuxFileStructure ................................................................ 8
FeaturesofLinux.................................................................. 9
CommandShellsAvailableinLinux ................................................... 10
ChapterSummary ................................................................... 11
KeyTerms......................................................................... 11
ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 12
CaseProjects....................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 2
InstallingOpenSUSE... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 15
CheckingYourSystemConfiguration ..................................................... 16
RequirementsforInstallingLinux ..................................................... 17
TheUnifiedInstallationMethodwithVirtualMachines ........................................ 17
OverviewofVMwarePlayer......................................................... 18
Activity2-1:DownloadingVMwarePlayer .............................................. 19
InstallingVMwarePlayeronaWindowsHost............................................ 20
Activity2-2:InstallingVMwarePlayer3.1.5onaWindowsHost .............................. 20
InstallingOpenSUSE ................................................................. 20
Activity2-3:CreatingaVirtualMachine ................................................ 21
OpenSUSEBootOptions ........................................................... 21
ThePreparationPhase ............................................................. 24
TheInstallationPhase.............................................................. 27
TheConfigurationPhase............................................................ 28
Activity2-4:InstallingOpenSUSEasaGuestOS .......................................... 30
TheGNOMEDesktopEnvironment ...................................................... 31
FeaturesofGNOME .............................................................. 31
Activity2-5:WorkingwiththeGNOMEDesktopEnvironment................................ 34
TheKDEDesktopEnvironment ......................................................... 34
FeaturesofKDE.................................................................. 35
Activity2-6:WorkingwithKDE...................................................... 36
ChapterSummary ................................................................... 36
KeyTerms......................................................................... 37
ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 38
CaseProjects....................................................................... 39
v
vi TableofContents
CHAPTER 3
ManagingFilesandDirectories . ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 41
AnOverviewoftheLinuxDirectoryStructure............................................... 42
NavigatingtheLinuxDirectoryStructure................................................... 44
ChangingDirectories .............................................................. 45
Activity3-1:UsingthepwdandcdCommands ........................................... 47
ViewingFilesandDirectories ........................................................ 47
Activity3-2:UsingthelsCommand................................................... 50
GettingHelp .................................................................... 51
Activity3-3:WorkingwithManPages ................................................. 53
UsingWildcards.................................................................. 53
Activity3-4:UsingWildcards ........................................................ 55
ManagingFilesandDirectories.......................................................... 55
CreatingandDeletingDirectoriesandFiles .............................................. 55
Activity3-5:CreatingandDeletingDirectoriesandFiles..................................... 58
Moving,Renaming,andCopyingFiles.................................................. 59
Activity3-6:Renaming,Moving,andCopyingFiles........................................ 59
CreatingLinks................................................................... 60
Activity3-7:WorkingwithLinks ..................................................... 62
SwitchingUsersandBecomingRoot ................................................... 63
Activity3-8:SwitchingUsers......................................................... 64
ChapterSummary ................................................................... 65
KeyTerms......................................................................... 65
ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 66
CaseProjects....................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 4
Creating andEditingFileswithText Editors . ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 71
TextEditorsinLinux................................................................. 72
GUITextEditorsinLinux .......................................................... 72
Activity4-1:ExploringtheKWriteTextEditor............................................ 73
Activity4-2:ExploringtheGeditTextEditor............................................. 75
GettingStartedwiththeVimEditor....................................................... 76
StartingVim .................................................................... 76
CommandMode ................................................................. 77
Activity4-3:UsingViminCommandMode.............................................. 78
InsertMode..................................................................... 79
Activity4-4:UsingViminInsertMode ................................................. 80
DeletingText.................................................................... 81
Activity4-5:ModifyingTextinVim ................................................... 82
ExtendedMode.................................................................. 83
Activity4-6:UsingViminExtendedMode .............................................. 85
ChapterSummary ................................................................... 86
KeyTerms......................................................................... 86
ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 86
CaseProjects....................................................................... 88
CHAPTER 5
Creating ShellScriptsandDisplaying File Contents .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 89
AnOverviewofLinuxFilePermissions .................................................... 90
PermissionCommands............................................................. 91
TableofContents vii
CreatingShellScripts ................................................................. 93
Activity5-1:CreatingaShellScript.................................................... 94
Variables....................................................................... 95
Activity5-2:UsingtheDirectAssignmentMethod ......................................... 96
Activity5-3:UsingthePromptMethod ................................................. 98
Activity5-4:UsingPositionalParameters............................................... 100
ExitStatusCodes................................................................ 101
Conditions..................................................................... 101
Activity5-5:UsingConditionStatements............................................... 102
Activity5-6:CreatingaMenuScript.................................................. 104
Activity5-7:UsingcaseStatementsinaMenuScript...................................... 106
Looping....................................................................... 107
Activity5-8:CreatingawhileLoop.................................................. 108
Activity5-9:CreatinganuntilLoopinaMenuScript.................................... 110
Activity5-10:CreatingaforLoop................................................... 112
DisplayingtheContentsofaTextFile.................................................... 112
ThecatandtacCommands....................................................... 112
TheheadandtailCommands..................................................... 113
ThemoreandlessCommands..................................................... 113
ChapterSummary .................................................................. 115
KeyTerms........................................................................ 116
ReviewQuestions................................................................... 116
CaseProjects...................................................................... 118
CHAPTER 6
ManagingData:BackupandRecovery Processes.. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 121
SystemBackups.................................................................... 122
TheTarUtility.................................................................. 123
Activity6-1:UsingtheTarUtility.................................................... 124
Activity6-2:UsingtheAdvancedTarOptions ........................................... 126
Activity6-3:UsingTarOptionstoModifyArchiveMembers’FileInformation.................... 127
Activity6-4:PerformingFullandIncrementalBackupswiththeTarUtility ...................... 129
TheCpioUtility................................................................. 130
Activity6-5:UsingtheCpioUtility ................................................... 132
Compression ...................................................................... 133
TheGzipUtility................................................................. 133
Activity6-6:UsingtheGzipUtility ................................................... 134
TheBzip2Utility ................................................................ 135
Activity6-7:UsingtheBzip2Utility................................................... 135
SchedulingBackups ................................................................. 136
UserCronTables................................................................ 137
Activity6-8:EditingaUserCronTable................................................ 138
SystemCronTable............................................................... 138
ChapterSummary .................................................................. 139
KeyTerms........................................................................ 140
ReviewQuestions................................................................... 140
CaseProjects...................................................................... 142
viii TableofContents
CHAPTER 7
ManagingUsersandGroups ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . 143
ManagingUsers.................................................................... 144
The/etc/passwdFile ........................................................... 144
The/etc/shadowFile ........................................................... 145
UserAccountInformation.......................................................... 145
CreatingUserAccounts ........................................................... 147
Activity7-1:CreatingUsers ........................................................ 148
ModifyingUserAccounts.......................................................... 149
Activity7-2:ModifyingUserAccounts................................................. 151
DeletingUserAccounts............................................................ 152
ManagingGroups .................................................................. 153
The/etc/groupFile ............................................................ 153
CreatingGroups ................................................................ 153
ModifyingGroups............................................................... 154
Activity7-3:WorkingwithGroups................................................... 154
ManagingUserandGroupAccountswithYaST ............................................ 155
AddingorEditingUserAccounts..................................................... 156
DefaultsforNewUsers............................................................ 160
AuthenticationSettings............................................................ 161
Activity7-4:UsingtheYaSTUserandGroupManagementUtility............................. 162
ChapterSummary .................................................................. 163
KeyTerms........................................................................ 164
ReviewQuestions................................................................... 164
CaseProjects...................................................................... 166
CHAPTER 8
NetworkCommunications .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . 167
IntroductiontoTCP/IP............................................................... 168
Activity8-1:ResearchingtheTCP/IPProtocolSuite ....................................... 168
WorkingwithTCP/IP............................................................. 169
WorkingwithIPAddresses............................................................ 172
BinaryandDecimalNumberingSystems ............................................... 172
Activity8-2:ConvertingfromDecimaltoBinary ......................................... 174
NetworkandHostIdentifiers ....................................................... 175
SubnetMasks .................................................................. 175
IPAddressClasses ............................................................... 176
ConfiguringNetworkInterfaceCards .................................................... 177
UsingtheifconfigCommand ..................................................... 177
Activity8-3:UsingtheifconfigCommand............................................ 178
ThepingCommand ............................................................. 179
Activity8-4:UsingthepingCommand................................................ 180
ChapterSummary .................................................................. 181
KeyTerms........................................................................ 182
ReviewQuestions................................................................... 182
CaseProjects...................................................................... 185