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Linux Operations and Administration PDF

492 Pages·2012·7.592 MB·English
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This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Linux Operations and Administration Alfred Basta Dustin A. Finamore Nadine Basta Serge Palladino LinuxOperationsandAdministration ©2013CourseTechnology,CengageLearning AlfredBasta,DustinA.Finamore, ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythe NadineBasta,SergePalladino copyrighthereinmaybereproduced,transmitted,storedorused inanyformorbyanymeansgraphic,electronic,ormechanical, VicePresident,Careers&Computing: includingbutnotlimitedtophotocopying,recording,scanning, DaveGarza digitizing,taping,Webdistribution,informationnetworks,or DirectorofLearningSolutions: informationstorageandretrievalsystems,exceptaspermitted MatthewKane underSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct, withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. ExecutiveEditor:SteveHelba AcquisitionsEditor:NickLombardi Forproductinformationandtechnologyassistance,contactusat ManagingEditor:MarahBellegarde CengageLearningCustomer&SalesSupport,1-800-354-9706 ProductManager:NataliePashoukos Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct, submitallrequestsonlineatcengage.com/permissions DevelopmentEditor:LisaM.Lord Furtherpermissionsquestionscanbeemailedto EditorialAssistant:SarahPickering [email protected] VicePresident,Marketing: JenniferAnnBaker LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012938293 MarketingDirector:DeborahYarnell ISBN-13:978-1-1110-3530-3 AssociateMarketingManager: ISBN-10:1-1110-3530-X EricaGlisson CourseTechnology ProductionDirector:WendyA.Troeger 20ChannelCenterStreet ProductionManager:AndrewCrouth Boston,MA02210 USA SeniorContentProjectManager: CengageLearningisaleadingproviderofcustomizedlearning AndreaMajot solutionswithofficelocationsaroundtheglobe,including SeniorArtDirector:JackPendleton Singapore,theUnitedKingdom,Australia,Mexico,Brazil,and TechnologyProjectManager:JoePliss Japan.Locateyourlocalofficeat:international.cengage.com/region CengageLearningproductsarerepresentedinCanadabyNelson MediaEditor:WilliamOverocker Education,Ltd. Foryourlifelonglearningsolutions,visit www.cengage.com/coursetechnology Purchaseanyofourproductsatyourlocalcollegestoreoratour preferredonlinestorewww.cengagebrain.com Visitourcorporatewebsiteatcengage.com. Someoftheproductnamesandcompanynamesusedinthisbookhavebeenusedforidentificationpurposesonlyandmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarksoftheirrespectivemanufacturersandsellers. MicrosoftandtheOfficelogoareeitherregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStatesand/orother countries.CourseTechnology,apartofCengageLearning,isanindependententityfromtheMicrosoftCorporationandnotaffiliatedwith Microsoftinanymanner. AnyfictionaldatarelatedtopersonsorcompaniesorURLsusedthroughoutthisbookisintendedforinstructionalpurposesonly.Atthetime thisbookwasprinted,anysuchdatawasfictionalandnotbelongingtoanyrealpersonsorcompanies. CourseTechnologyandtheCourseTechnologylogoareregisteredtrademarksusedunderlicense. CourseTechnology,apartofCengageLearning,reservestherighttorevisethispublicationandmakechangesfromtimetotimeinits contentwithoutnotice. Theprogramsinthisbookareforinstructionalpurposesonly.Theyhavebeentestedwithcare,butarenotguaranteedforanyparticularintent beyondeducationalpurposes.Theauthorandthepublisherdonotofferanywarrantiesorrepresentations,nordotheyacceptanyliabilitieswith respecttotheprograms. Screenshotsofsoftwareprogramsandoperatingsystemsincludedinthistextarecourtesyofthefollowingcompanies:openSUSE,VMware Player,DomainNameSystem,andMicrosoft. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 16 15 14 13 12 Brief Contents INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv CHAPTER 1 Introductionto theLinuxOperatingSystem .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 1 CHAPTER 2 InstallingOpenSUSE... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 15 CHAPTER 3 ManagingFilesandDirectories .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 41 CHAPTER 4 CreatingandEditingFileswithTextEditors .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 71 CHAPTER 5 CreatingShell ScriptsandDisplaying FileContents ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 89 CHAPTER 6 ManagingData:BackupandRecovery Processes.. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 121 CHAPTER 7 ManagingUsersandGroups . ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 143 CHAPTER 8 NetworkCommunications . .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 167 CHAPTER 9 InstallingSoftwarePackages . ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 187 CHAPTER 10 ApacheWebServer ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 207 CHAPTER 11 DomainNameSystem . ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 229 CHAPTER 12 ConfiguringaMailServer . .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 249 CHAPTER 13 WorkingwiththeNetwork FileSystem. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 267 CHAPTER 14 Planningfora LinuxInstallation . .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 287 CHAPTER 15 LinuxFileSystem ManagementandAdministration .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 307 CHAPTER 16 ManagingResourcesinLinux. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 325 CHAPTER 17 NetworkinginaLinuxEnvironment ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 351 CHAPTER 18 UsingSambaforInteroperatingLinux andWindows.. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 371 CHAPTER 19 SecuringLinux .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 389 iii iv BriefContents CHAPTER 20 AdvancedLinux Administration. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . 415 GLOSSARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . xv CHAPTER 1 Introductionto theLinuxOperatingSystem .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 1 OverviewofOperatingSystemFunctions.................................................... 2 SoftwareLicensingAgreements........................................................ 2 Activity1-1:ReviewingLicensingAgreements ............................................. 3 FunctionsofanOperatingSystem...................................................... 3 HistoryofLinux ..................................................................... 4 OverviewofSUSE ................................................................. 6 LinuxArchitecture.................................................................... 6 Kernel.......................................................................... 7 LinuxDesktopEnvironments ......................................................... 8 LinuxFileStructure ................................................................ 8 FeaturesofLinux.................................................................. 9 CommandShellsAvailableinLinux ................................................... 10 ChapterSummary ................................................................... 11 KeyTerms......................................................................... 11 ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 12 CaseProjects....................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2 InstallingOpenSUSE... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . 15 CheckingYourSystemConfiguration ..................................................... 16 RequirementsforInstallingLinux ..................................................... 17 TheUnifiedInstallationMethodwithVirtualMachines ........................................ 17 OverviewofVMwarePlayer......................................................... 18 Activity2-1:DownloadingVMwarePlayer .............................................. 19 InstallingVMwarePlayeronaWindowsHost............................................ 20 Activity2-2:InstallingVMwarePlayer3.1.5onaWindowsHost .............................. 20 InstallingOpenSUSE ................................................................. 20 Activity2-3:CreatingaVirtualMachine ................................................ 21 OpenSUSEBootOptions ........................................................... 21 ThePreparationPhase ............................................................. 24 TheInstallationPhase.............................................................. 27 TheConfigurationPhase............................................................ 28 Activity2-4:InstallingOpenSUSEasaGuestOS .......................................... 30 TheGNOMEDesktopEnvironment ...................................................... 31 FeaturesofGNOME .............................................................. 31 Activity2-5:WorkingwiththeGNOMEDesktopEnvironment................................ 34 TheKDEDesktopEnvironment ......................................................... 34 FeaturesofKDE.................................................................. 35 Activity2-6:WorkingwithKDE...................................................... 36 ChapterSummary ................................................................... 36 KeyTerms......................................................................... 37 ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 38 CaseProjects....................................................................... 39 v vi TableofContents CHAPTER 3 ManagingFilesandDirectories . ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 41 AnOverviewoftheLinuxDirectoryStructure............................................... 42 NavigatingtheLinuxDirectoryStructure................................................... 44 ChangingDirectories .............................................................. 45 Activity3-1:UsingthepwdandcdCommands ........................................... 47 ViewingFilesandDirectories ........................................................ 47 Activity3-2:UsingthelsCommand................................................... 50 GettingHelp .................................................................... 51 Activity3-3:WorkingwithManPages ................................................. 53 UsingWildcards.................................................................. 53 Activity3-4:UsingWildcards ........................................................ 55 ManagingFilesandDirectories.......................................................... 55 CreatingandDeletingDirectoriesandFiles .............................................. 55 Activity3-5:CreatingandDeletingDirectoriesandFiles..................................... 58 Moving,Renaming,andCopyingFiles.................................................. 59 Activity3-6:Renaming,Moving,andCopyingFiles........................................ 59 CreatingLinks................................................................... 60 Activity3-7:WorkingwithLinks ..................................................... 62 SwitchingUsersandBecomingRoot ................................................... 63 Activity3-8:SwitchingUsers......................................................... 64 ChapterSummary ................................................................... 65 KeyTerms......................................................................... 65 ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 66 CaseProjects....................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 4 Creating andEditingFileswithText Editors . ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 71 TextEditorsinLinux................................................................. 72 GUITextEditorsinLinux .......................................................... 72 Activity4-1:ExploringtheKWriteTextEditor............................................ 73 Activity4-2:ExploringtheGeditTextEditor............................................. 75 GettingStartedwiththeVimEditor....................................................... 76 StartingVim .................................................................... 76 CommandMode ................................................................. 77 Activity4-3:UsingViminCommandMode.............................................. 78 InsertMode..................................................................... 79 Activity4-4:UsingViminInsertMode ................................................. 80 DeletingText.................................................................... 81 Activity4-5:ModifyingTextinVim ................................................... 82 ExtendedMode.................................................................. 83 Activity4-6:UsingViminExtendedMode .............................................. 85 ChapterSummary ................................................................... 86 KeyTerms......................................................................... 86 ReviewQuestions.................................................................... 86 CaseProjects....................................................................... 88 CHAPTER 5 Creating ShellScriptsandDisplaying File Contents .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 89 AnOverviewofLinuxFilePermissions .................................................... 90 PermissionCommands............................................................. 91 TableofContents vii CreatingShellScripts ................................................................. 93 Activity5-1:CreatingaShellScript.................................................... 94 Variables....................................................................... 95 Activity5-2:UsingtheDirectAssignmentMethod ......................................... 96 Activity5-3:UsingthePromptMethod ................................................. 98 Activity5-4:UsingPositionalParameters............................................... 100 ExitStatusCodes................................................................ 101 Conditions..................................................................... 101 Activity5-5:UsingConditionStatements............................................... 102 Activity5-6:CreatingaMenuScript.................................................. 104 Activity5-7:UsingcaseStatementsinaMenuScript...................................... 106 Looping....................................................................... 107 Activity5-8:CreatingawhileLoop.................................................. 108 Activity5-9:CreatinganuntilLoopinaMenuScript.................................... 110 Activity5-10:CreatingaforLoop................................................... 112 DisplayingtheContentsofaTextFile.................................................... 112 ThecatandtacCommands....................................................... 112 TheheadandtailCommands..................................................... 113 ThemoreandlessCommands..................................................... 113 ChapterSummary .................................................................. 115 KeyTerms........................................................................ 116 ReviewQuestions................................................................... 116 CaseProjects...................................................................... 118 CHAPTER 6 ManagingData:BackupandRecovery Processes.. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... 121 SystemBackups.................................................................... 122 TheTarUtility.................................................................. 123 Activity6-1:UsingtheTarUtility.................................................... 124 Activity6-2:UsingtheAdvancedTarOptions ........................................... 126 Activity6-3:UsingTarOptionstoModifyArchiveMembers’FileInformation.................... 127 Activity6-4:PerformingFullandIncrementalBackupswiththeTarUtility ...................... 129 TheCpioUtility................................................................. 130 Activity6-5:UsingtheCpioUtility ................................................... 132 Compression ...................................................................... 133 TheGzipUtility................................................................. 133 Activity6-6:UsingtheGzipUtility ................................................... 134 TheBzip2Utility ................................................................ 135 Activity6-7:UsingtheBzip2Utility................................................... 135 SchedulingBackups ................................................................. 136 UserCronTables................................................................ 137 Activity6-8:EditingaUserCronTable................................................ 138 SystemCronTable............................................................... 138 ChapterSummary .................................................................. 139 KeyTerms........................................................................ 140 ReviewQuestions................................................................... 140 CaseProjects...................................................................... 142 viii TableofContents CHAPTER 7 ManagingUsersandGroups ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . 143 ManagingUsers.................................................................... 144 The/etc/passwdFile ........................................................... 144 The/etc/shadowFile ........................................................... 145 UserAccountInformation.......................................................... 145 CreatingUserAccounts ........................................................... 147 Activity7-1:CreatingUsers ........................................................ 148 ModifyingUserAccounts.......................................................... 149 Activity7-2:ModifyingUserAccounts................................................. 151 DeletingUserAccounts............................................................ 152 ManagingGroups .................................................................. 153 The/etc/groupFile ............................................................ 153 CreatingGroups ................................................................ 153 ModifyingGroups............................................................... 154 Activity7-3:WorkingwithGroups................................................... 154 ManagingUserandGroupAccountswithYaST ............................................ 155 AddingorEditingUserAccounts..................................................... 156 DefaultsforNewUsers............................................................ 160 AuthenticationSettings............................................................ 161 Activity7-4:UsingtheYaSTUserandGroupManagementUtility............................. 162 ChapterSummary .................................................................. 163 KeyTerms........................................................................ 164 ReviewQuestions................................................................... 164 CaseProjects...................................................................... 166 CHAPTER 8 NetworkCommunications .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . 167 IntroductiontoTCP/IP............................................................... 168 Activity8-1:ResearchingtheTCP/IPProtocolSuite ....................................... 168 WorkingwithTCP/IP............................................................. 169 WorkingwithIPAddresses............................................................ 172 BinaryandDecimalNumberingSystems ............................................... 172 Activity8-2:ConvertingfromDecimaltoBinary ......................................... 174 NetworkandHostIdentifiers ....................................................... 175 SubnetMasks .................................................................. 175 IPAddressClasses ............................................................... 176 ConfiguringNetworkInterfaceCards .................................................... 177 UsingtheifconfigCommand ..................................................... 177 Activity8-3:UsingtheifconfigCommand............................................ 178 ThepingCommand ............................................................. 179 Activity8-4:UsingthepingCommand................................................ 180 ChapterSummary .................................................................. 181 KeyTerms........................................................................ 182 ReviewQuestions................................................................... 182 CaseProjects...................................................................... 185

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