Linux Kernel Architecture PDF
Preview Linux Kernel Architecture
Mauerer ffirs.tex V2-08/26/2008 3:23am Pageiii Professional Linux® Kernel Architecture Wolfgang Mauerer WileyPublishing,Inc. Mauerer ffirs.tex V2-08/26/2008 3:23am Pageii Mauerer ffirs.tex V2-08/26/2008 3:23am Pagei Professional Linux® Kernel Architecture Introduction ..................................................................xxvii Chapter1:IntroductionandOverview .......................................... 1 Chapter2:ProcessManagementandScheduling............................. 35 Chapter3:MemoryManagement............................................ 133 Chapter4:VirtualProcessMemory.......................................... 289 Chapter5:LockingandInterprocessCommunication....................... 347 Chapter6:DeviceDrivers .................................................... 391 Chapter7:Modules .......................................................... 473 Chapter8:TheVirtualFilesystem............................................ 519 Chapter9:TheExtendedFilesystemFamily................................. 583 Chapter10:FilesystemswithoutPersistentStorage ....................... 643 Chapter11:ExtendedAttributesandAccessControlLists ................. 707 Chapter12:Networks........................................................ 733 Chapter13:SystemCalls .................................................... 819 Chapter14:KernelActivities ................................................ 847 Chapter15:Timemanagement .............................................. 893 Chapter16:PageandBufferCache.......................................... 949 Chapter17:DataSynchronization ........................................... 989 Chapter18:PageReclaimandSwapping................................... 1023 Chapter19:Auditing ........................................................ 1097 AppendixA:ArchitectureSpecifics......................................... 1117 AppendixB:WorkingwiththeSourceCode ................................ 1141 AppendixC:NotesonC ..................................................... 1175 AppendixD:SystemStartup ................................................ 1223 AppendixE:TheELFBinaryFormat ......................................... 1241 AppendixF:TheKernelDevelopmentProcess.............................. 1267 Bibliography................................................................. 1289 Index ........................................................................ 1293 Mauerer ffirs.tex V2-08/26/2008 3:23am Pageii Mauerer ffirs.tex V2-08/26/2008 3:23am Pageiii Professional Linux® Kernel Architecture Wolfgang Mauerer WileyPublishing,Inc. Mauerer ffirs.tex V2-08/26/2008 3:23am Pageiv Professional Linux® Kernel Architecture Publishedby WileyPublishing,Inc. 10475CrosspointBoulevard Indianapolis,IN46256 www.wiley.com Copyright©2008byWolfgangMauerer PublishedbyWileyPublishing,Inc.,Indianapolis,Indiana PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada ISBN:978-0-470-34343-2 ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Mauerer,Wolfgang,1978- ProfessionalLinuxkernelarchitecture/WolfgangMauerer. p.cm. Includesindex. ISBN978-0-470-34343-2(pbk.) 1. Linux. 2. Computerarchitecture. 3. Applicationsoftware. I. Title. QA76.9.A73M382008 005.4’32--dc22 2008028067 Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSections 107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,or authorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,222Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)646-8600.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbe addressedtotheLegalDepartment,WileyPublishing,Inc.,10475CrosspointBlvd.,Indianapolis,IN46256,(317) 572-3447,fax(317)572-4355,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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ForgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicespleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithinthe UnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002. Trademarks:Wiley,theWileylogo,Wrox,theWroxlogo,WroxProgrammertoProgrammer,andrelatedtradedress aretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.and/oritsaffiliates,intheUnitedStatesand othercountries,andmaynotbeusedwithoutwrittenpermission.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheir respectiveowners.WileyPublishing,Inc.,isnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe availableinelectronicbooks. Mauerer fauth.tex V2-08/22/2008 4:52am Pagev About the Author WolfgangMauererisaquantumphysicistwhoseprofessionalinterestsarecenteredaroundquantum cryptography,quantumelectrodynamics,andcompilersfor—youguessedit—quantumarchitectures. Withtheconfirmedcapacityofbeingtheworstexperimentalistintheknownuniverse,hestickstothe theoreticalsideofhisprofession,whichisespeciallyreassuringconsideringhisconstantfearofacci- dentallydestroyingtheuniverse.Outsidehisresearchwork,heisfascinatedbyoperatingsystems,and formorethanadecade—startingwithanarticleseriesaboutthekernelin1997—hehasfoundgreat pleasureindocumentingandexplainingLinuxkernelinternals.Heisalsotheauthorofabookabout typesettingwithLaTeXandhaswrittennumerousarticlesthathavebeentranslatedintosevenlanguages intotal. Whenhe’snotsubmergedinvastHilbertspacesorlargequantitiesofsourcecode,hetriestotakethe oppositedirection,namely,upward—bethiswithmodelplanes,aparaglider,oronfootwithaniceaxe inhishands:MountainsespeciallyhavethepowertooutrivaleventheLinuxkernel.Consequently,he considersplanningandaccomplishingafirst-ascentexpeditiontothevastarcticglaciersofeastGreen- landtobethereallyuniqueachievementinhislife. Being interested in everything that is fundamental, he is also the author of the first compiler for Plankalku¨l,theworld’searliesthigh-levellanguagedevisedin1942–1946byKonradZuse,thefatherof thecomputer.Asanavidreader,heisproudthatdespitethetwo-digitnumberofcomputerspresentin hislivingroom,thevolumerequiredforbooksstilloccupiesalargershare. Mauerer fauth.tex V2-08/22/2008 4:52am Pagevi Mauerer fcredit.tex V2-08/22/2008 4:53am Pagevii Credits ExecutiveEditor VicePresidentandExecutiveGroup CarolLong Publisher RichardSwadley SeniorDevelopmentEditor TomDinse VicePresidentandExecutive Publisher ProductionEditor JosephB.Wikert DebraBanninger CopyEditors ProjectCoordinator,Cover CateCaffrey LynseyStanford KathrynDuggan Proofreader EditorialManager PublicationServices,Inc. MaryBethWakefield ProductionManager Indexer TimTate JackLewis Mauerer fcredit.tex V2-08/22/2008 4:53am Pageviii
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