Linux All In One For Dummies

563 Pages·2018·17.42 MB·English

by  Emmett Dulaney

Linux
®
A L L - I N - O N E

Linux
®
A L L - I N - O N E
6th Edition
by Emmett Dulaney
Linux® All-in-One For Dummies®, 6th Edition
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2018943541
ISBN: 978-1-119-49046-3 (pbk); 978-1-119-49052-4 (ebk); 978-1-119-49045-6 (ebk)
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents at a Glance
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Book 1: Getting Started with Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CHAPTER 2: Installing Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
CHAPTER 3: Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CHAPTER 4: Trying Out Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Book 2: Linux Desktops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
CHAPTER 1: GNOME and Its Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 9
CHAPTER 2: The KDE Plasma Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
CHAPTER 3: Commanding the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CHAPTER 4: Navigating the Linux File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
CHAPTER 5: Introducing Linux Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .23
CHAPTER 6: Using Text Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Book 3: Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
CHAPTER 1: Connecting to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
CHAPTER 2: Setting Up a Local Area Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
CHAPTER 3: Going Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
CHAPTER 4: Managing the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Book 4: The Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
CHAPTER 1: Browsing the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
CHAPTER 2: Using FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
CHAPTER 3: Hosting Internet Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
CHAPTER 4: Managing Mail Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
CHAPTER 5: Managing DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Book 5: Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Basic System Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
CHAPTER 2: Managing Users and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
CHAPTER 3: Managing File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
CHAPTER 4: Working with Samba and NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Book 6: Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Linux Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
CHAPTER 2: Securing Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
CHAPTER 3: Vulnerability Testing and Computer Security Audits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Book 7: Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
CHAPTER 1: Introductory Shell Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
CHAPTER 2: Working with Advanced Shell Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
CHAPTER 3: Programming in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Book 8: Linux Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
CHAPTER 1: Studying for the Linux Essentials Certification Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
CHAPTER 2: Studying for the CompTIA Linux+ Powered by
LPI Certification Exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
CHAPTER 3: Other Linux Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Foolish Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Icons Used in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Beyond the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Where to Go from Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
BOOK 1: GETTING STARTED WITH LINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
What Is Linux? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Linux distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Making sense of version numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Linux Standard Base (LSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Contents of a Linux Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
GNU software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
GUIs and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Internet servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Software development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Online documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Managing Your PC with Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Distribution media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Peripheral devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
File systems and sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Step 1: Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Step 2: Configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Step 3: Explore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Step 4: Find out more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CHAPTER 2: Installing Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Following the Installation Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Checking Your PC’s Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Setting Aside Space for Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Trying a Live CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Installing Linux on a Flash Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Creating the bootable flash drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Troubleshooting the workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Working daily with the new drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table of Contents vii
CHAPTER 3: Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Using Text Mode Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Troubleshooting X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Resolving Other Installation Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Using Knoppix boot commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Handling the fatal signal 11 error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Getting around the PC reboot problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Using Linux kernel boot options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Setting Up Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Managing DVDs, CD-ROMs, and Flash Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Installing Other Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Installing software in Debian and Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Installing software in Fedora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Installing software in SUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CHAPTER 4: Trying Out Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Starting Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Playing with the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Starting the bash shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Understanding shell commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Trying a few Linux commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Shutting Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
BOOK 2: LINUX DESKTOPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
CHAPTER 1: GNOME and Its Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Getting to Know the GNOME Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Understanding the GNOME Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
The top panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
The desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
The bottom panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Looking at Unity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Looking at Cinnamon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Looking at MATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
CHAPTER 2: The KDE Plasma Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Getting to Know the Plasma Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Desktop contextual menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Icon contextual menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Understanding the Plasma Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
The Main Menu button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Panel icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Configuring the Plasma Bottom Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Configuring the Plasma Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
viii Linux All-in-One For Dummies