Lighting controls handbook

260 Pages·2008·3.992 MB·English

by  DiLouie, Craig

Lighting Controls Handbook
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Lighting Controls
Handbook
Craig DiLouie
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
DiLouie, Craig, 1967-
Lighting controls handbook / Craig DiLouie.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-88173-573-6 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-88173-574-4 (electronic) -- ISBN
1-4200-6921-7 (Taylor & Francis : alk. paper)
1. Electric lighting--Automatic control--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2.
Electric power--Conservation--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.
TK4169.D57 2006
621.32--dc22
2007030706

Lighting controls handbook / Craig DiLouie.
©2008 by The Fairmont Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc.
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Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd.
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E-mail: [email protected]
Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd.
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E-mail: [email protected]
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0-88173-573-6 (The Fairmont Press, Inc.)
1-4200-6921-7 (Taylor & Francis Ltd.)
While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher,
authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions.
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Table of Contents
Foreword ...............................................................................................vii
Introduction to Lighting Controls ......................................................ix
Part I — Switching to Fluorescent Systems .....................................1
Chapter 1 Occupancy Sensors ...............................................3
Chapter 2 Switching Controls ..............................................41
Chapter 3 Lighting Control Panels ......................................53
Part II — Dimming Fluorescent Systems .......................................77
Chapter 4 Dimmable Ballasts ...............................................79
Chapter 5 Fluorescent Dimming Methods .........................97
Chapter 6 Lamp/Ballast Interactions ...............................123
Chapter 7 Dimming Controls .............................................141
Part III: — Daylight Harvesting .....................................................161
Chapter 8 Daylight Harvesting .........................................163
Part IV — Controls for Code Compliance ....................................205
Chapter 9 Code-compliant Controls .................................207
Part V — Commissioning ................................................................231
Chapter 10 Commissioning ..................................................233
Index ....................................................................................................237
v
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Foreword
Lighting controls play a critical role in fluorescent lighting
systems, providing the function of 1) turning the lights on and off
using a switch; and/or 2) adjusting light output up and down using
a dimmer.
In recent decades, technological development has increasingly
automated these functions and allowed integration of devices
into larger, more sophisticated systems. The result is significantly
expanding energy-saving opportunities, flexibility, reliability and
interoperability between devices from different manufacturers.
One thing remains the same: A good lighting design includes
a good controls design. The goal of an effective control system is
to supporting the lighting application goals, which often translates
to eliminating energy waste while providing a productive visual
environment.
The goal of adjusting the state of a fluorescent lighting system
may be to achieve energy savings, support occupant visual needs
and preferences, or a combination of the two. These actions may
be taken by the system designer for the purposes of saving energy,
adding value to a project, satisfying code requirements, earning
LEED points and/or achieving a range of other goals.
The Lighting Controls Handbook provides detailed information
about fluorescent switching and dimming systems in commercial
buildings, covering technology, design, application, strategies,
typical savings, commercial energy code compliance, research,
commissioning and troubleshooting.
This book is intended for electrical engineers, energy managers,
building managers, lighting designers, consultants and other
electrical industry professionals interested in lighting controls as a
means of energy savings and supporting visual needs.
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Automatic lighting controls are required by prevailing energy codes
and can be used to save energy, support visual needs and other purposes
in a broad range of applications. Photos courtesy of Leviton (top) and
Advance (bottom).
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Introduction to Lighting Controls
THE LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM
Lighting control systems contain three components linked by
communication wiring, which is used to transmit control signals,
and power wiring, which supplies power, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Basic function of a lighting control.
————————————————————————————————
Component Sensing Device → Logic Circuit → Power Controller
————————————————————————————————
Function Provides informa- Decides whether Changes the output of
tion to logic circuit to supply lighting, the lighting system
and how much
————————————————————————————————
We can therefore view a lighting control system or device as
an apparatus that 1) receives information, 2) decides what to do
with that information, and 3) changes the operation of the lighting
system. In other words, we can look at lighting control devices based
on inputs and outputs. Three examples are shown in Table 2.
Figure 1 shows an example of a robust lighting control system
with a control station, occupancy sensor, photosensor and time switch
or centralized switching system providing a variety of inputs to the
master lighting controller. The lighting controller can be a switching
panel, dimming panel or both linked together. The controller in turn
controls the lighting load with a variety of outputs based on decisions
made by the logic circuits. Since different control strategies may have
overlapping device requirements, control synergies can be gained by
building a system of simple components.
PURPOSE OF LIGHTING CONTROLS
In many applications, the overall purpose of the lighting
control system is to eliminate waste while supporting a productive
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