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Lighting controls handbook PDF

260 Pages·2008·3.992 MB·English
by  DiLouieCraig
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Lighting Controls Handbook This page intentionally left blank Lighting Controls Handbook Craig DiLouie Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DiLouie, Craig, 1967- Lighting controls handbook / Craig DiLouie. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-88173-573-6 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-88173-574-4 (electronic) -- ISBN 1-4200-6921-7 (Taylor & Francis : alk. paper) 1. Electric lighting--Automatic control--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Electric power--Conservation--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. TK4169.D57 2006 621.32--dc22 2007030706 Lighting controls handbook / Craig DiLouie. ©2008 by The Fairmont Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc. 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA 30047 tel: 770-925-9388; fax: 770-381-9865 http://www.fairmontpress.com Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA E-mail: [email protected] Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd. 23-25 Blades Court Deodar Road London SW15 2NU, UK E-mail: [email protected] Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-88173-573-6 (The Fairmont Press, Inc.) 1-4200-6921-7 (Taylor & Francis Ltd.) While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher, authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions. iv Table of Contents Foreword ...............................................................................................vii Introduction to Lighting Controls ......................................................ix Part I — Switching to Fluorescent Systems .....................................1 Chapter 1 Occupancy Sensors ...............................................3 Chapter 2 Switching Controls ..............................................41 Chapter 3 Lighting Control Panels ......................................53 Part II — Dimming Fluorescent Systems .......................................77 Chapter 4 Dimmable Ballasts ...............................................79 Chapter 5 Fluorescent Dimming Methods .........................97 Chapter 6 Lamp/Ballast Interactions ...............................123 Chapter 7 Dimming Controls .............................................141 Part III: — Daylight Harvesting .....................................................161 Chapter 8 Daylight Harvesting .........................................163 Part IV — Controls for Code Compliance ....................................205 Chapter 9 Code-compliant Controls .................................207 Part V — Commissioning ................................................................231 Chapter 10 Commissioning ..................................................233 Index ....................................................................................................237 v This page intentionally left blank Foreword Lighting controls play a critical role in fluorescent lighting systems, providing the function of 1) turning the lights on and off using a switch; and/or 2) adjusting light output up and down using a dimmer. In recent decades, technological development has increasingly automated these functions and allowed integration of devices into larger, more sophisticated systems. The result is significantly expanding energy-saving opportunities, flexibility, reliability and interoperability between devices from different manufacturers. One thing remains the same: A good lighting design includes a good controls design. The goal of an effective control system is to supporting the lighting application goals, which often translates to eliminating energy waste while providing a productive visual environment. The goal of adjusting the state of a fluorescent lighting system may be to achieve energy savings, support occupant visual needs and preferences, or a combination of the two. These actions may be taken by the system designer for the purposes of saving energy, adding value to a project, satisfying code requirements, earning LEED points and/or achieving a range of other goals. The Lighting Controls Handbook provides detailed information about fluorescent switching and dimming systems in commercial buildings, covering technology, design, application, strategies, typical savings, commercial energy code compliance, research, commissioning and troubleshooting. This book is intended for electrical engineers, energy managers, building managers, lighting designers, consultants and other electrical industry professionals interested in lighting controls as a means of energy savings and supporting visual needs. vii Automatic lighting controls are required by prevailing energy codes and can be used to save energy, support visual needs and other purposes in a broad range of applications. Photos courtesy of Leviton (top) and Advance (bottom). viii Introduction to Lighting Controls THE LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM Lighting control systems contain three components linked by communication wiring, which is used to transmit control signals, and power wiring, which supplies power, as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Basic function of a lighting control. ———————————————————————————————— Component Sensing Device → Logic Circuit → Power Controller ———————————————————————————————— Function Provides informa- Decides whether Changes the output of tion to logic circuit to supply lighting, the lighting system and how much ———————————————————————————————— We can therefore view a lighting control system or device as an apparatus that 1) receives information, 2) decides what to do with that information, and 3) changes the operation of the lighting system. In other words, we can look at lighting control devices based on inputs and outputs. Three examples are shown in Table 2. Figure 1 shows an example of a robust lighting control system with a control station, occupancy sensor, photosensor and time switch or centralized switching system providing a variety of inputs to the master lighting controller. The lighting controller can be a switching panel, dimming panel or both linked together. The controller in turn controls the lighting load with a variety of outputs based on decisions made by the logic circuits. Since different control strategies may have overlapping device requirements, control synergies can be gained by building a system of simple components. PURPOSE OF LIGHTING CONTROLS In many applications, the overall purpose of the lighting control system is to eliminate waste while supporting a productive ix

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