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Life in ancient ice PDF

331 Pages·2005·26.93 MB·English
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LIFE IN ANCIENT ICE LIFE IN ANCIENT ICE Edited by John D. Castello and Scott O. Rogers PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright©2005byPrincetonUniversityPress PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet, Princeton,NewJersey08540 IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress, 3MarketPlace,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201SY AllRightsReserved LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Lifeinancientice/editedbyJohnD.CastelloandScottO.Rogers. p. cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-691-07475-5(cloth:acid-freepaper) 1.Ice—Microbiology.2.Microbiology—PolarRegions.I.Castello, JohnD.,1952–II.Rogers,ScottO.,1953– QR100.9.L542005 579′.17586—dc22 2004050523 BritishCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable ThisbookhasbeencomposedinTimesRomanwithHelveticaDisplay Printedonacid-freepaper.∞ pup.princeton.edu PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents ListofFigures ix ListofTables xiii Contributors xv Acknowledgments xix Chapter1. 1 Introduction JohnD.CastelloandScottO.Rogers Chapter2. RecommendationsforEliminationofContaminantsand AuthenticationofIsolatesinAncientIceCores 5 ScottO.Rogers,Li-JunMa,YinghaoZhao,VincentTheraisnathan, Seung-GeukShin,GangZhang,CatherineM.Catranis, WilliamT.Starmer,andJohnD.Castello Chapter3. PerennialAntarcticLakeIce:ARefugeforCyanobacteriainan ExtremeEnvironment 22 JohnC.Priscu,EdwardE.Adams,HansW.Paerl, ChristianH.Fritsen,JohnE.Dore,JohnT.Lisle,CraigF.Wolf, andJillA.Mikucki Chapter4. TheGrowthofProkaryotesinAntarcticSeaIce:Implicationsfor AncientIceCommunities 50 DavidS.Nichols Chapter5. FrozeninTime:TheDiatomRecordinIceCoresfromRemote DrillingSitesontheAntarcticIceSheets 69 DavidaE.KelloggandThomasB.Kellogg Chapter6. TheNatureandLikelySourcesofBiogenicParticlesFound inAncientIcefromAntarctica 94 RaymondSambrottoandLloydBurckle vi CONTENTS Chapter7. MicrobialLifebelowtheFreezingPointwithinPermafrost 106 ElizavetaRivkina,KayastasLaurinavichyus,and DavidA.Gilichinsky Chapter8. YeastsIsolatedfromAncientPermafrost 118 RushaniyaN.Faizutdinova,NataliyaE.Suzina,VitalyiI.Duda, LadaE.Petrovskaya,andDavidA.Gilichinsky Chapter9. FungiinAncientPermafrostSedimentsoftheArctic andAntarcticRegions 127 NataliyaE.Ivanushkina,GalinaA.Kochkina,and SvetlanaM.Ozerskaya Chapter10. ViablePhototrophs:CyanobacteriaandGreenAlgae fromthePermafrostDarkness 140 TatianaA.Vishnivetskaya,LudmilaG.Erokhina,ElenaV.Spirina, AnastasiaV.Shatilovich,ElenaA.Vorobyova,AlexanderI.Tsapin, andDavidA.Gilichinsky Chapter11. TheSignificanceandImplicationsoftheDiscoveryofFilamentous FungiinGlacialIce 159 Li-JunMa,CatherineM.Catranis,WilliamT.Starmer,and ScottO.Rogers Chapter12. YeastsintheGenusRhodotorulaRecoveredfrom theGreenlandIceSheet 181 WilliamT.Starmer,JackW.Fell,CatherineM.Catranis, VirginiaAberdeen,Li-JunMa,ShuangZhou,andScottO.Rogers Chapter13. PlantandBacterialVirusesintheGreenlandIceSheet 196 JohnD.Castello,ScottO.Rogers,JamesE.Smith, WilliamT.Starmer,andYinghaoZhao Chapter14. ViralPathogensofHumansLikelytoBePreservedinNaturalIce 208 DanyShoham CONTENTS vii Chapter15. ClassificationofBacteriafromPolarandNonpolarGlacialIce 227 BrentC.Christner,EllenMosley-Thompson, LonnieG.Thompson,andJohnN.Reeve Chapter16. CommonFeaturesofMicroorganismsinAncientLayersof theAntarcticIceSheet 240 S.S.Abyzov,M.N.Poglazova,J.N.Mitskevich,andM.V.Ivanov Chapter17. ComparativeBiologicalAnalysesofAccretionIcefrom SubglacialLakeVostok 251 RobinBell,MichaelStudinger,AnahitaTikku,and JohnD.Castello Chapter18. SearchforMicrobesandBiogenicCompoundsin PolarIceUsingFluorescence 268 RyanBay,NathanBramall,andP.BufordPrice Chapter19. LivingCellsinPermafrostasModelsforAstrobiologyResearch 277 ElenaA.Vorobyova,V.S.Soina,A.G.Mamukelashvili, A.Bolshakova,I.V.Yaminsky,andA.L.Mulyukin Chapter20. ASynopsisofthePast,anEvaluationoftheCurrent,anda GlancetowardtheFuture 289 JohnD.CastelloandScottO.Rogers Index 301 Figures FIGURE2.1. RepresentationoftheamountofDNAremaining inancientsamples. 8 FIGURE2.2. Flowdiagramofdecontamination,melting,and assayprotocols. 10 FIGURE3.1. Verticalprofilesofselectedconstituentswithin theicecoveroftheeastlobeofLakeBonney. 27 FIGURE3.2. Collectiverelationshipsbetweensedimentconcentration andvariouscyanobacterialandbacterialparametersfromsevenlakes intheMcMurdoDryValleys. 28 FIGURE3.3. Photosynthetictemperatureresponsebyvariousmicrobial assemblagesintheMcMurdoSoundarea. 30 FIGURE3.4. Temperaturevariationandratesofoxygenexchangefor cyanobacterialmatsfromLakeFryxell. 31 FIGURE3.5. Experimentalammoniumandphosphorusleachingdatafrom terrestrialsoilssurroundingLakeBonney,andsoilsandsedimenton andwithintheicecoverofLakeBonney. 34 FIGURE3.6. Mineralization(14CO release)of14C-labeledcyanobacteria 2 collectedfromtheBonneyorVidalakebasins. 36 FIGURE3.7. (A)Verticalprofilesoficetemperatureintheeastlobe ofLakeBonneyfor1995.(B)Relativewaterestimatesobtained fromtimedomainreflectometers(TDR)deployedintheicecover ofLakeBonneyduring1999and2000. 39 FIGURE4.1. Plotoftheinverseofthesquarerootofthegeneration timeversustemperaturefortheAntarcticseaicebacteria GlaciecolapuniceaandGelidibactersp.IC158. 52 FIGURE4.2. Theidentityanddistributionofbacterialisolatescultured fromAntarcticseaiceandunderlyingseawater. 54 FIGURE4.3. Profilesofunder-icewatersalinityandtemperatureobserved atasitenearSyowaStationduringsummer. 59 FIGURE4.4. Squarerootplotof1/growthrateversuswateractivityfor GlaciecolapuniceaACAM611TandGelidibactersp.IC158. 61 FIGURE4.5. Schematicrepresentationoftheunrooted16SrDNA phylogenetictreeforthegenusShewanella. 63 FIGURE5.1. MapofAntarcticashowinglocationsoficecoresand otherhigh-altitudedepositswherenonmarinediatomshave beenreported. 71 FIGURE5.2. DiagramoftheSPWW(SouthPoleWaterWell). 73 FIGURE6.1. Antarcticicecoredrillsites. 96

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