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Life and Exploits of Alexander the Great PDF

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D. APPLETON $ CO., PUBLISHERS. THE WORKS OF HORACE. WITHENGLISHNOTES, FOR THE USE OF-SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. BY J. L. LINCOLN, Professor oftheLatinLanguageand Literature inBrown University. 1 Vol. 12mo. Price $1 25. The text of this edition is that of Orelli, in the edition of 1843-44 the comparatively few readings of Orelli, not adopted,are given at the foot of the page. The most importantvarious readings are also given in foot-notes. The method pursued in the preparation of the Notes is the same asthat followed by the Editor in his edition of Livy, except so faras itis modified by the character of the present author, and by thefactthathis writings belongto a later stage in a course ofclassical studies. While the grammatical study of the language has been kept in view, it hasbeen a cherished obj&ct to take advantage of the means so variously andrichly furnished by Horacefor promoting the literary culture of the student. Froman articlewrittenbyPeof.B^tkb ofthe UniversityofHeidelberg,andPub' lishedintheHeidelbergAnnalsofLiterature. "There are alreadyseveral American editions ofHorace, intended forthe use of schools; ofoneofthese,which has passed throughmanyeditions,and has also been widely circulated in England,mention has beenformerlymade inthis journal; but thatonewe maynot put upon equalitywiththe one nowbeforeus,inasmuchasthis hastakenadifferentstand-point,whichmayserve as asignofprogressinthisdepart- mentofstudy. TheEditorhas,itistrue,alsointendedhisworkfortheuseofschools, andhassoughttoadaptitinallitspartstosucha use; butstill,withoutlosingsightof this purpose, hehasproceededthroughoutwithmore independence. Inrespecttothe text,all the demandswhich could be made ofthe editor arefullymet,and yet the limits observedwhich are necessaryin a school edition. In an Introductionwhich precedesthe text,the Editorgives a sketch oftheLifeof Horace,witha critiqueof hiswritings,whichiswellsuitedtothepurposeofthewholework,andis,inourview, entirelysatisfactory. In the preparation ofNotes, the Editor has faithfullyobserved theprinciples laiddowninhisPreface; theexplanationsof thepoet'swordscommend themselves byacompressedbrevity,whichlimits itselftowhat ismost essential,and bya sharp precision ofexpression; and references to otherpassages ofthepoet,and alsotogrammars,dictionaries,&c,areallwanting;allother learnedapparatusisomit- ted,ongroundswhichneednolengthenedexplanation. Theentireoutwardexecutionol theworkmeritsspecialandthankfulacknowledgment" FromGeorgeTicknor,LL.D.,Boston. wIreceivedafewdayssinceacopyofHoraceyouhavelatelypublished. AsIhave foiiLdleisuresince,Ihave readwithyour notessome ofthe portionsIbest like,and have been struck with thecorrectness ofyour readings, andthecondensed, faithful learningandgood taste ofthecommentary. It seemstomo thatyouhave succeeded uncommonlywellinyourpurpose." 82 — D. APPLETON $ CO., PUBLISHERS. LINCOLN'S LIYY. Selections fkom the First Five Books, together with the Twenty First and Twenty-Second Booksentire. With English Notes for the use of Schools and Colleges. With an accompanying Plan of Rome, and a Map of the Passage of Hannibal. BY J. L. LINCOLN, ProfessorofLatinLanguageandLiteratureinBrown University. 12mo. Price $1 00. The text of this edition is chieflythat of Alschefski; where other readings have been preferred, the reasonsforthepreferenceareusually given in the Notes. The Notes havebeen prepared with special refer- ence to the grammatical study ofthe language; it ishoped, however, that they will also be found to embrace all necessary information relating to history, geography, and antiquities. This edition has alreadybeen adopted in nearly all the colleges of the country. FromProf.Johnson,ofNew York University. "Ican at present onlysaythat your edition pleases me much. Ishallgiveitto oneofmyclassesnextweek. Iampreparedtofinditjustwhatwaswanted." FromProf. Kingsley,ofYaleCollege. "Ihave notyetbeenable to read the wholeofyourwork,buthave examined it enoughtobe satisfiedthat it isjudiciouslyprepared, andwell adaptedtothepurpose intended. Weuseitforthepresentyear,inconnectionwiththeedition thathasbeen usedforseveralyears. Mostoftheclass,however,haveprocuredyouredition;anditis probablothatnextyearitwillbeusedbyall." FromPnoF.Tyler,ofAmherst College. "The Notes seem to me to bepreparedwith much care, learning and tasto; the grammaticalillustrationsareunusuallyfull,faithful,andable. Thebookhasbeenused byourFreshmanClass,andwill,Idoubtnot,comeintogeneraluseinourcolleges." FromProf.Packard,ofBowdoinCollege. "Ihaverecommendedyour edition to our FreshmanClass. Ihavenodoubtthat yourlaborswillgiveanewimpulsetothestudyofthischarmingclassic." FromJos.Niokerson,Prin.ofAcademy, Gilmanton,N.H. "IconsideryoureditionofLivy,byLincoln,tobethe most excellentofallbefore thepublic. Thetextisthebestapproved,andthe Notes indicategreatcareandstudy intheirpreparation." "ProfessorLincoln has performed his dutyas editor in averycreditablemanner givingevidenceofunpretending but accurate scholarship,and a conscientious regard fortherightsofothers." NorthAmericanReview. "Thisvolumegivescheeringevidencethat ahigher toneof philologyIsappearing anionsus,andeveryfriendofclassicallearningwillwelcomeitasavaluable auxiliary in awukening nowinterest In the critical study ofthe Latin authors."—-Bibliotheca Sacra. QUIHTUS CUBTIUS KUFUS: LIFE EXPLOITS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT. EDITED AND ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGLISH NOTES, BY WM. HENRY CROSBY, FOEMERLY PEOFESSOE OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITEEATUEE IN EUTGEES COL- LEGE, NEW BEUNSWICK, N.J. NEW YORK: APPLETON AND COMPANY, D. 846 & 348 BROADWAY. LONDON: 16 LITTLE BRITAIN. MDCCCL1V. ^>&* EnteredaccordingtoAct ofCongressinthe year1854, By D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, liitheClerk'sOfficeofthe District CourtoftheUnitedState3forthe Southern DistrictofNew-York. PREFACE. It is an undoubted, though unaccountable, fact, that Quintus Curtius' History of the Exploits of Alexander the Great is a work almost unheard ofin the Academies and Colleges of the United States, while in England, and more especially on the Continent, it holds a high place in the estimation of classical instructors. The interesting character of its subject, the elegance of its style, and the pureness of its moral sentiments, ought surely to place it on an elevation as high, if not higher, than the Commentaries of Caesar, or the Histories of Sallust, In conjunction with Arrian, who wrote in Greek, Curtius is the main source whence are derived all those interesting anecdotes of the great Macedonian — conqueror, which excited our imagination perhaps — stimulated our ambition in the days of youth. His — youthful courage in taming Bucephalus his ready boldness in severing the Gordian knot with his good — sword his fortitude in draining to the dregs the cup received from the hands of a physician, against whose — treachery he had been warned his acts of romantic " IV PREFACE. — — daring his magnanimity to his captives his self-denial — in scenes of temptation, all these, together with his oft-quoted sayings, render this History one of the most entertaining as well as instructive of the Classics. As to the style of Curtius, nothing can be more pleasing. Heinsius, indeed, with somewhat ofa disre- gard ofgender, speaks ofhim as " VenusHistoricorum" Bartholomew.Merula applies to his narratives the phrase " degantissime conscriptas" and Decembrius calls him a writer "mirce dulcedinis" Of the absorbing interest of his narrative, and the attractive character of his style, the following anecdote is preserved : Alphonso VII., King of Spain, being afflicted with serious illness, and having tried in vain the numerous prescriptions of his physicians, attempted to solace his hours of pain by perusing Curtius' History of Alexander and such, ; it is related, was the happy effect of his new remedy, that he was soon restored to health. When convales- cent, he was heard to exclaim, " Valeant Avicenna, Hippocrates, medici cceteri ; vivat Curtius, sospitator mens ! As to the era when Curtius flourished, learned men are completely at fault and, accordingly, vary greatly ; in their conjectures on the subject. Some make him — contemporaneous with Cicero, others bring him down to the time of Theodosius the Great, while between these extremes we find the reigns ofAugustus, Tiberius, Claudius, Vespasian, Trajan, and Constantine, each PREFACE. V having its advocates as the time when he flourished. It is hardly necessary to add that his personal history is involved in similar obscurity. But a worse calamity than mere ignorance of the time of our author's "birth, and of the particulars of his life, meets the reader on the very threshold. Time, ever edax rerum, has devoured the whole of the first two books, and made sad inroads into one r>r two of the others. These defects have, in a measure, been sup- plied by learned men, particularly by John Freinsheim, whose excellent supplements have called forth the re- mark of a distinguished biographical writer, that "he has been so successful that we almost cease to lament the loss ofthe original." As the supplements of Frein- sheim are very long, the Editor has, in most instances, inserted those of Chris. Cellarius, which, though brief, will supply to the curious student a sufficient outline of the early years of Alexander, and also fill up the lacunce that occur in the course of the narrative. One word as to the, text of the present edition. It has been printed from an Editio Lugdunensis of 1810, with such emendations as a collation of other editions, and the suggestions and conjectures of critics seemed to render advisable. In one or two instances only has the Editor ventured to introduce a reading of his own, and these are mentioned and defended in the notes. In conclusion, the Editorwould remark that he puts VI PREFACE. forth this edition of Quintus Curtius with ail confidence, that, if a writer so interesting in his subject, and so captivating in his style, shall once gain a foothold in our American course of classical study, his own merits will suffice to retain him there. Poughkeepsie, August, 1854. : CHRISTOPHORI CELLARII SUPPLEMENTS CUETIUM, IN Q . DE EEBUS GESTIS ALEXANDM MAGNI, LIBER PRIMUS. ARGUMENT. Introdtictioii. Pedigree ofAlexander. The portents at hisbirth. Hiseducation. Hisearlymilitarytraining. Philip'soverthrowof Grecian liberty. Coldnessbetween Alexanderandhisfather. Philip'spreparationsforinvadingPersia. Hisassassination. ThevengeancetakenbyOlympiasandAlexander. AlexandermadeGeneralissimoby the Greeks. Eisings of the barbarians suppressed. Eevolt of the Greeks crushed. TheAtheniansagainongoodtermswithAlexander. [Illorum, qui Alexandrares gestas scripsere, fide dignissinius Ptole- mseusLagividetur, quodipserebus interfuerat, nee ulla, sisecus serip- sisset, suspiciolucri apparebat: proximusAristobulus, quoslongointer- valloDiodorusSiculus,nonminusgravis auctor,secutus est. Alexander Philippo, Amyntse filio, et Olympiade Epirensi natus, utroque parente nobilissimusfuit. Paterenim ad Herculem, mater ad Achillem, genus referebat. Sic clarus aliis Alexander, sibi obscurus videbatur, nisi, abdicatomortalipatre, ab Jove genitus crederetur. Addita insolentiie fabula, draconemincubili matrisvisum, quern Jupiter induerit Phil- ippus per quietem vidit obsignatam Olympiadis alvum annulo, cujus sculptura leonem praeferret, quodvatesAristander de fcetu generoso et leonina magnitudine animi interpretatus est. Quanocte autem natus Alexanderest,eademtemplumEphesioeDiana3celeberrimumdeflagravit quodmajorisruinaeprassagiumhabuerunt,quiexfortunsecasu defuturis judicabant, ortam alicubi facem esse, qua Asiseregnum conflagraturum 2 CHRIS. CELLARII sit. QuantaPhilippiineducandofiliosolertiafuerit,Epistoladocamento est, qua sibi gratulatus fuit, quod iis temporibus filio auctus sit, quae Aristotelem dare praeceptorem possint, qui patriae urbisinstaurationem prsemium laboris abrege tulit. Assidui antern nutritores etpaedagogi fuerunt, Leonidas, Lysimachus Arcanan, et ejusdem gentis Philippus, rectorvaletudinis. Eloquentiae magistro usus estAnaximene Lampsa- ceno, cujus cailiditati postmodum eversionem patriae donavit, Homeri earminatanti fecit,utnunquamIliademnon comitemhaberet. Praesa- gium militaris magnitudinisinBucephalo puerAlexander dedit, quern mirifice,umbraeratione habita,itarexit domuitque,utpater,omineinde capto, exclaniarit, aliudfilio regnum qucerendum esse, quoniam Macedo- nianoncaperet. Decinium annumet septimum agebat, cumpaterBy- zantium oppugnans ipsi administrationem regni commisisset. Rebel- lavitturnThraciae quaedamcivitas, quam adolescens, collectis, qui domi relicti erant, militibus,improvisa celeritate oppressit,eturbemconvenis habitandam dedit, qui earn Alexandriam appellavere. Sed cum male procederet Byzantina obsidio, (Atheniensium classe obsessis suppetias ferente,) Philippus filio usus ad subigenda Chersonesi oppida. Idem cum ex GeticobelloreduxperTriballositerfaceret,etGraecimercenarii militespraedaesocietatempostularent,altercationeinpugnamerumpente, ipte rex, equo interfecto, vulneratur, quern clypeoAlexander jacentem texit, irruentium alios occidit,aliosarmislongiusindepropulsavit. Jam tantus evaseratAlexander, ut sine rectore aut custode exercitui posse praeficivideretur, quam de se opinioneminIllyriosmissusvictoriis con- firmavit. Philippus artibus consecutus est, ut Graecia servitutis jugum acciperet. Ultro enim quietos lacessere, inter concordantes odia in- struere,dissidentium rixas alere,itaalterutrampartemjuvare,ututram- que opprimeret, solennisilli consuetudofuit. Pauci expertes ejus domi nationis erant, quos Demosthenis eloquentia in libertate sustentabat. Sed et horum tandem ad Chaeroneamvictor, facile obtinuit Philippus, utimperatorGraeciae adversusPersascrearetur. Bellicisrebusplerum- queAlexander, etiam ad Chaeroneam praelio, intererat, in quo penes ipsum victoria stetisse dicitur. In cornu enim, cui praeerat, initium vincendi factum, sacraThebanorum cohorte, quaeexlectissimis consta- bat, fortiterprofligata. Caeterum apatre aliquando aberat, causaema- trisinserviens,cuiPhilippus Cleopatramsuperinduxerat,incujusnuptiis parum abfuit, quinAlexander, novae prolisvoto, quod Attalus fecerat, reclamans, apatre interficeretur. Philippus, dux belli a Graecis factus, bellum Persicum molitus est, praemissoAttalo et Parmenione cum co- piarumparte, ut GraecasinAsia civitates liberarent. Ipse oraculo lae- tus,seupotius deceptus,jamcepisse sibi orientemvidebatur. Olympias Cleopatrae posthabita fratrem Alexandrum, Epiri regem, in bellum

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