Lesson Test

80 Pages·2009·1.83 MB·English

Name: ____________________________________________________
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin / Poor Richard’s
Almanack, page 71
Lesson Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
for The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin / Poor Richard’s Almanack
_____ 1. The ideals of Neoclassicism include respect for all of the following
except
A. tradition.
B. authority.
C. religion and faith.
D. reason and order.
E. moderation and simplicity.
_____ 2. An autobiography is a
A. fictional story about cars.
B. nonfictional text about cars.
C. list of dates and facts about a person.
D. story of a person’s life written by that person.
E. story of a person’s life written by another person.
_____ 3. Why did Benjamin Franklin decide to write his paper anonymously?
A. He didn’t want to lose his job carrying and selling the papers.
B. He was forbidden to write anything by “Order of the House.”
C. It was illegal at that time for young people’s writing to be published.
D. He thought his brother would object to printing anything he had
written.
E. He knew his brother was jealous of his talents and would not print
his writing.
_____ 4. What did the Franklins do to get around the order banning James from
printing the New England Courant?
A. They moved to another city.
B. They changed the name of the paper.
C. They went to court to get the order revoked.
D. They printed the paper under Benjamin Franklin’s name.
E. They changed the publication from a paper to a magazine.
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Name: ____________________________________________________ DDaattteee:: __________________________________________________________________________________________
from The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin /
from Poor Richard’s Almanack, page 71
Journalism Connection Activity: Writing a Summary Lead
Build Background
A news story primarily has two parts, the lead, which gives the main idea of the
story and the body, which adds details that expand on information included in the
lead. The body is written in inverted pyramid style, which utilizes short paragraphs
that descend in order of importance.
The opening of a news story is called the lead. The lead gives the reader the
main facts of the story in a short first paragraph of one to two sentences. The lead is
written in the active voice and answers the most important questions regarding the
who, what, when, where, why, and how of the story. These questions are referred
to as the five Ws and an H. An example of how these questions are used to create a
lead is shown below.
Sample Five Ws and an H
Headline: The early bird catches the worm.
Who a parakeet
What rare South American caterpillar
When this morning
Where the science lab
Why someone forgot to feed the bird
How swiftly
Sample lead: A rare South American caterpillar was swiftly eaten by Mr. Mike
Roddy’s hungry class parakeet this morning in the science lab.
Get Started
In this creative writing activity, you will choose three aphorisms from Poor
Richard’s Almanack, on page 75 of your textbook, and imagine that they are news
story headlines. Write a lead for each aphorism that you choose, keeping in mind
the aspects of the news lead as described at the beginning of this lesson and outlined
in the grading rubric at the end of the lesson.
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Organize Your Information
In the “Headline” section of each table below, write one of the aphorisms
you have chosen from page 75 of your textbook. Then answer the questions in
column 1 to fill in the details of the news lead for each headline.
Headline 1:
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
Headline 2:
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
Headline 3:
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
Connect and Create
On the lines below, write out your lead for each or your three aphorisms. Use
the headline and details that you outlined in the Organization Your Information
section of this lesson. Make sure that each lead is between twenty-five and thirty
words in length.
Lead 1:
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Lead 2:
Lead 3:
Check and Reflect
Exchange papers with a classmate to get reactions to your leads. Use the rubric
below to evaluate each lead. Mark any errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar
that you see. Finally, offer ideas for improving the lead, if you have any.
When you get your paper back, correct any errors that were marked on it,
and consider your classmate’s concerns and suggestions. Then write a final draft of
each lead.
When you have finished the assignment, answer the questions that follow
the rubric.
Strongly Disagree Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
1. The lead gets right to the point.
2. Uses one sentence, two at the most.
3. Tells who, what, where, when, why, and
how.
4. Uses active voice.
5. Contains between twenty-five and thirty
words.
1. What did you learn about writing leads?
2. When reading a newspaper article, how will you look at it differently knowing
now the purpose of a summary lead?
Publish and Present
As a follow-up assignment, choose one of your final leads and write a three-paragraph
fictitious newspaper article. Make sure to answer the five Ws and an H questions.
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Name: ____________________________________________________ Dateeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee:: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BEFORE READING
, page 76
ABOUT THE ARTICLE
“Ben Franklin: Scientist and Inventor” details the inventions and proposals made
by one of America’s founders. It is a factual article.
MAKE CONNECTIONS
Have you ever thought of an invention that would make contemporary life better? If so,
what invention did you think of?
ANALYZE LITERATURE: Nonfiction
Nonfiction writing explores real people’s lives, as well as real places, things, events,
and ideas. Essays, autobiographies, biographies, and news articles are all types of
nonfiction. Keep track of the details in the article in the graphic organizer that follows.
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USE READING SKILLS
Determine the Importance of Details
As you read, look for details about Franklin’s inventions and proposals. Create
a detail web like the one below for each of Franklin’s inventions or proposals.
Place the topic in the oval and the important details in the squares.
Franklin Stove
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PREVIEW VOCABULARY
Key Words and Words and Phrases in Definition
Phrases Context
Write down what you
PPrraaccttiiccee
Read each key word and Read to see how the key think the word or phrase
rate it using this scale: word or phrase can be means. Then use a
Practice using the key
1 I don’t know that word used in a sentence. dictionary to check your
words and phrases by
or phrase at all. definition.
completing the following
2 I ’ve seen this word or
sentences.
phrase before.
3 I know this word or
phrase and use it.
efficient The efficient assistant got Devices that are efficient
ef • fi • cient more work done that the include...
(i >fi sh@nt) previous employee in her
adjective position.
1 2 3
fatal Deadman’s Curve proved Taking... can be fatal.
fa • tal to be fatal for a driver
(‘f6 t@l) going over the speed limit;
adjective he died on the scene.
1 2 3
recognition The recognition of his I want recognition for...
rec • og • ni • tion peers made the actor
(<re kig ‘ni sh@n) appreciate his award even
noun more.
1 2 3
conserve The Nelsons conserve It is important to
con • serve energy by keeping the conserve in the areas of...
(k@n ‘s@rv) thermostat at 63 degrees
verb during the day.
1 2 3
excessive Many Americans think It takes excessive
ex • ces • sive their taxes are excessive; amounts of time to...
(ik ‘se siv) they want to pay fewer
adjective taxes.
1 2 3
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Many of Ben Franklin’s inventions were motivated by his
desire to try to improve or enrich people’s everyday lives. In
DURING READING
1743, he invented a stove to provide an efficient, clean, and safe
means of heating a home. The Franklin stove was enclosed in
5 the front, which prevented sparks from flying out into the room, Analyze Literature
and it had an airbox in the back, which provided good ventila-
How can you tell this is not a
tion and thus made the fire burn more efficiently. In fact, this
fictional story?
stove burned about one-quarter as much wood and produced
twice as much heat as a traditional fireplace.
10 In 1750, Franklin set out to prove that lightning was elec-
efficient (i >fi sh@nt) adjective,
tricity. He conducted a successful trial of his now-famous productive or decreasing in waste
kite-flying experiment on June 15, 1752, drawing electrical
sparks to a kite from a cloud. Other scientists around the world Note the Facts
were conducting similar experiments, some with fatal results.
Why was the Franklin stove an
15 Franklin clearly had found a way to insulate himself from the
improvement over earlier stoves
electrical charge.
Franklin’s experiments with electricity led to his inventing
the lightning rod 1. He had discovered that objects with sharp
fatal (‘f6 t@l) adjective, deadly
points were better conductors 2 of electricity than those with
20 smooth points. He also had considered the possibility of Build Vocabulary
protecting a building from lightning by placing an upright
Multiple Meanings
rod on its roof and connecting it via 3 cable to the ground.
Some words have more than
(House fires from lightning strikes were common in the
one meaning. Insulate can mean
1700s.) Experimenting on his own house, Franklin proved
(1) “isolate” or (2) “separate
25 that lightning would hit the rod instead of the building. After
from conducting bodies by
this discovery, lightning rods were installed in 1752 on the
means of nonconductors
Pennsylvania State House (what would become Independence
to prevent the transfer of
Hall, the home of the Liberty Bell) and the Academy of
electricity.” Which definition is
Philadelphia (later renamed the University of Pennsylvania).
being used here?
30 Although Franklin’s creative spirit often was motivated by
practicality, he also created devices 4 for leisurely activities. In
1762, he designed the armonica (or glass harmonica), a musical
Note the Facts
instrument that produced sound from a series of graduated 5
glass bowls. The bowls were arranged horizontally on a spin- What might be one reason
35 ning iron rod, which was controlled by a large foot pedal. The Independence Hall has survived
musician created a melody by lightly stroking the rims of the since the 1700s?
1. lightning rod. A grounded metallic rod that prevents fire on buildings
2. conductors. Materials or objects that permit an electric current to flow easily
3. via. Through; by means of
4. devices. Pieces of equipment that perform a special function
5. graduated. Increasing in size
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DURING READING bowls with his or her moistened fingertipppppppppppppppppppppppsssss.. AAsss tthhheee ffffffffffffffffiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssssssssssssssttttttttttttttt mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuusssssssssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiccccccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllllllll
instrument created by an American, the aaaaaaaaaaaaarrmmmooonnnnnnnnniiiiiiiicccccaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwoooooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkklllllllllllllllllliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
widespread recognition in Europe. Commmppooooooosssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrss WWWWoooollllllllllllllllllffffffffffffffffffgggggggggggggggggaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnggggggggggggggggggg
recognition (<re kig ‘ni sh@n) noun,
special notice or attention 40 Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethovenn,, aaannnddd RRRRRRRRRRRiiiiiiiiiiiiicccccccccccccccccchhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrdddddddddddddddddddd SSSSSSSSSSSSStttttttrrraaauuussssss
all wrote material specifically for this insttrruummeenntt..
In 1784, Franklin invented something that he needed
Note the Facts
for himself: bifocal glasses. 6 At seventy-eight years old, he
What made Franklin want to was having difficulty seeing both up close and at a distance.
invent bifocals? 45 Switching between two types of glasses had become tiresome,
so Franklin decided to create a single pair of glasses containing
both types of lenses. He placed the distance lens in the top of
conserve (k@n ‘s@rv) verb, avoid the glasses and the magnifying 7 lens in the bottom—the format
wasteful use of
that is still used in modern-day eyewear.
50 Also in 1784, Franklin proposed the concept of Daylight
Note the Facts
Saving Time for the practical purpose of conserving energy. In
For what reason did Franklin a visit to France, he noted that Parisians stayed up late at night
propose Daylight Saving Time? and slept until early afternoon, making poor use of the daylight
hours, in his view. To demonstrate this point, he devised a
55 formula proving that if every French person started the day
Analyze Literature at the break of dawn, the entire country could save sixty-four
million pounds of candle wax in six months. Franklin never
Nonfiction
lobbied the U.S. government to establish an official Daylight
What insight into Franklin’s
Saving Time, but he was the first person to point out the logic
character does the article
60 of using daylight to conserve energy. Congress finally did
provide regarding his proposal
establish Daylight Saving Time in 1918, when excessive energy
for Daylight Saving Time?
consumption became a national defense issue during World
War I. ❖
6. bifocal glasses. Two sets of lenses that allow a person to see near and far
excessive (ik ‘se siv) adjective, 7. magnifying. Increasing the size of
more than what is necessary
W && Do you think Franklin is more deserving of a
IRRORS
place in science books or in history books?
WINDOWS
Explain.
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AFTER READINNNNNGGG
READING CHECK VOCABULARY
CHECK
1. Which adjective does not describe Franklin?
A. curious 1. Franklin inventeedd aann ““eeffffiicciieenntt”” ssttoovvee. HHooww
B. practical was the stove efficient?
C. athletic A. It burned about one-quarter as much wood.
B. It produced more heat than earlier stoves.
2. Which item did Franklin not invent?
C. both A and B
A. an efficient stove
B. the telephone 2. At the time Franklin was experimenting
C. bifocal glasses with electricity, there had been some fatal
accidents. What happened to those scientists?
3. Which was not one of Franklin’s primary
A. They died.
motivations?
B. They won prizes.
A. to become a business leader
C. They joined scientific academies.
B. to improve people’s everyday lives
C. to further science 3. Franklin received “recognition” for his
armonica, a musical instrument. From whom
4. Franklin was not interested in
did Franklin receive recognition?
A. the arts.
A. other scientists
B. progress.
B. people all over Europe
C. luxuries.
C. writers
4. As originally proposed by Franklin in the
1700s, how would Daylight Saving Time
conserve energy?
A. People wouldn’t have to work as many
hours per day.
B. People would work in shifts.
C. People would labor during the daylight
hours and save on candles.
ANALYZE LITERATURE: Nonfiction
Does the article provide information on Franklin’s life as a statesman and ambassador?
What aspect of Franklin’s life does the article focus on? Provide examples.
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