Lecture Notes: Paediatrics

338 Pages·2014·37 MB·English

by  Simon J. Newell

PAEDIATRICS
Lecture Notes
LN
Simon J. Newell
Jonathan C. Darling
9th Edition
with
extended
material
online'

Paediatrics
Lecture Notes
We dedicate this book to our students, past, present, and future.
Paediatrics
Lecture Notes
Simon J. Newell
MD FRCP FRCPCH
Consultant and Senior Clinical Lecturer in Paediatrics and Child Health
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Leeds
Jonathan C. Darling
MD MRCP FRCPCH FHEA
Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Paediatrics and Child Health
University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Ninth edition
Th is edition fi rst published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Previous editions published 1973, 1975, 1978, 1981, 1986, 1991, 2002, 2008 by Blackwell Publishing
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Newell, Simon J., author.
Lecture notes. Paediatrics/Simon J. Newell, Jonathan C. Darling. – Ninth edition.
1 online resource.
Paediatrics
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not
viewed.
ISBN 978-1-118-81448-2 – ISBN 978-1-118-81449-9 (ePub) – ISBN 978-0-470-65707-2 (pbk.)
I. Darling, Jonathan C., author. II. Title. III. Title: Paediatrics.
[DNLM: 1. Pediatrics–methods. 2. Child Development–physiology. WS 100]
RJ45
618.9’2–dc23
2013030203
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print
may not be available in electronic books.
Cover image Sawayasu Tsuji / iStockphoto.com
Cover design by Grounded Design
®
Set in 8.5/11 pt Utopia Std by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India
1 2014
Contents
OSCE stations, vi
Part 3 Systems and specialties
Preface, vii
Acknowledgements, viii 17 Neurology, 156
Further reading, ix 18 Ear, nose and throat, 172
How to use your textbook, x 19 Respiratory medicine, 177
About the companion website, xvi 20 Cardiology, 191
21 Gastroenterology, 204
22 Urinary Tract and Genitalia, 220
Part 1 Essentials of paediatrics 23 Bones and joints, 234
1 Children and their health, 2 24 Skin, 242
2 Parents and children: listening and talking, 16 25 Haematology, 250
3 Examination of children, 25 26 Neoplasia, 256
4 Emergency paediatrics, 40 27 Endocrine and metabolic disorders, 261
Part 2 Normal and abnormal in Part 4 After paediatrics
childhood: growth, development,
28 Preparing for clinical examinations in paediatrics and
behaviour and prevention child health, 270
29 Safe prescribing, 279
5 Genetics, 51
30 Careers in paediatrics, 283
6 Fetal medicine, 58
7 Birth and the newborn infant, 62
8 Disorders of the newborn, 71
Self-test
9 Child development and how to assess it, 81
10 Learning problems, 89 Extended matching questions, 285
11 Emotional and behavioural problems, 99 Answers to extended matching questions, 301
12 Nutrition, 109
13 Abnormal growth and sex development, 118 Paediatric symptom sorter, 308
14 Immunization and infections, 124
15 Accidents and non-accidents, 139 Index, 311
16 Adolescent health, 149
OSCE stations
OSCE station 2.1: Counselling, p. 24 OSCE station 20.1: Examination of the cardiovascular
OSCE station 4.1: Shock, p. 48 system, p. 203
OSCE station 9.1: Developmental assessment, p. 88 OSCE station 21.1: Persistent diarrhoea, p. 218
OSCE station 10.1: Examination for squint, p. 98 OSCE station 21.2: Constipation, p. 219
OSCE station 11.1: History-taking —pain, p. 108 OSCE station 22.1: Urine testing, p. 232
OSCE station 13.1: Failure to thrive, p. 123 OSCE station 22.2: Enuresis, p. 232
OSCE station 14.1: Fever and a fi t in an infant, p. 136 OSCE station 22.3: Urinary tract infection
OSCE station 14.2: Allergic reaction, p. 138 management and prevention, p. 233
OSCE station 15.1: Accidental poisoning, p. 148 OSCE station 23.1: Testing for dislocation of the
OSCE station 16.1: Discussion of asthma hips, p. 241
treatment, p. 154 OSCE station 25.1: Assessment of bruising,
OSCE station 17.1: Neurological examination of the p. 255
legs, p. 171 OSCE station 27.1: Examination of the neck,
OSCE station 19.1: Examination of the respiratory p. 267
system, p. 189 OSCE station 28.1: Equipment, p. 278
OSCE station 19.2: Prescribing and explaining OSCE station 29.1: Safe prescribing—otitis media
asthma treatment, p. 189 and fever, p. 281
Preface
When Lecture Notes: Paediatrics began over 40 tions, as well as new chapters in adolescent health,
years ago, the notion of a weblink to watch a You- genetics, safe prescribing and careers in paediatrics.
Tube video would have been science fi ction. (Try Students and teachers all want success in exami-
http://tinyurl.com/lnpcell ‘Inner life of the cell’ nations. We have added more OSCE stations, along
from Harvard and imagine trying to watch and with OSCE tips at the end of each chapter, to be
believe this in 1973.) Looking back at the fi rst edi- used alongside the section on Preparing for Clinical
tion, it tells of: high mortality from Rhesus disease; Examinations in Paediatrics and Child Health and
life-threatening infections, since abolished by the extended matching questions (EMQs). We hope
immunization; lead poisoning; frequent admissions you will fi nd these useful.
for accidental ingestion of drugs, before childproof We have amended the book to give it what we hope
containers and blister packs; and ‘At present there is will be an easy-to-follow structure: Part 1 takes you
no cure for leukaemia…’. through the essentials you need to know at the out-
Paediatrics and child health have come a long way. set; Part 2 covers normal and abnormal from fetal life
Children are 20% of the population and are seen in through to adolescence; then Part 3 moves to systems
40% of general practice consultations. We have again and specialties; and fi nally we explain in Part 4 what
set out to focus on the core of the paediatric cur- happens next – exams and (we hope) careers in pae-
riculum that every medical student should learn. We diatrics.
hope our book will also be useful to other health pro- We both used Lecture Notes when we were medi-
fessionals who care for children, especially our col- cal students and it is a popular choice of text at home
leagues in advanced nursing roles. in the UK and abroad. We hope you will enjoy read-
In this new edition we have advanced the use of ing Lecture Notes during your paediatrics and that it
information boxes indicating key points, practice will in some way contribute to still higher and better
points, treatment guides, learning logs, and web- standards for children’s health during your careers in
based support material. Each chapter begins with a the next 40 years.
chapter map and suggests practical ways of gaining
experience in paediatrics in the learning log at the Simon Newell
end. Th is edition off ers many updated and new sec- Jonathan Darling
Acknowledgements
Th is book was conceived by Professor Sir Roy algorithms in emergency paediatrics. We thank the
Meadow and Professor Dick Smithells, whose teach- focus groups of medical students, whose refl ections
ing inspired many students in paediatrics. on the previous edition were so helpful to us.
We are grateful to the European Resuscitation
Council for permission to use their illustrations, and