Lean and agile project management: how to make any project better, faster, and more cost effective

355 Pages·2017·4.48 MB·English

by  Terra Vanzant Stern PhD

Lean Agile Project
and
Management
How to Make Any Project Better, Faster,
and More Cost Effective

Lean Agile Project
and
Management
How to Make Any Project Better, Faster,
and More Cost Effective
Terra Vanzant Stern, PhD
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................xi
Author .......................................................................................................xv
SeCtion i UnDeRStAnDinG PRoJeCt MAnAGeMent tHeoRY
1 The Three Faces of Traditional Project Management ..................5
Project Initiation ..........................................................................................6
Project Planning ..........................................................................................7
Project Execution ........................................................................................8
Project Monitoring and Controlling ............................................................8
Project Closing.............................................................................................9
PRINCE2, Change Management ...............................................................10
Roles and Responsibilities .........................................................................12
Project Team ..........................................................................................12
Project Manager .....................................................................................12
Sponsor ..................................................................................................12
Steering Committee ...............................................................................13
Customer................................................................................................14
Stakeholders ..........................................................................................14
Vendors or Service Providers ................................................................15
Common Project Management Challenges ..............................................15
Cost ........................................................................................................15
Time (Schedule) .....................................................................................15
Scope .....................................................................................................15
Managing Project Success .........................................................................16
2 A Lean History of Lean ..............................................................17
Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt ......................................................................23
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt .......................................................................23
v
vi ◾ Contents
Lean Six Sigma Black Belt ........................................................................24
Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belts ...........................................................24
Five Laws of Lean .....................................................................................25
Value ......................................................................................................27
Value Stream Mapping ..........................................................................27
Flow .......................................................................................................28
Push/Pull ...............................................................................................28
3 Agile Comprehensive .................................................................31
Earned Value Management .......................................................................33
Recognized Certifications in Agile........................................................34
Agile Basic Tools and Techniques ............................................................35
Scrum .....................................................................................................35
Sprints ....................................................................................................36
Sprint Retrospectives .............................................................................37
Agile Stages ...........................................................................................37
Agile Manufacturing ..................................................................................38
Agile Change Management .......................................................................38
Agile Project Management ........................................................................39
Agile Challenges ........................................................................................39
SeCtion ii A PPLYinG LeAn AnD AGiLe to tHe
PRoJeCt MAnAGeMent LiFe CYCLe
4 Initiating the Project .................................................................43
Project Selection Using the Lean Six Sigma Method ...............................45
Stakeholder Analysis .............................................................................46
Process Map ..........................................................................................46
CTQ Factors ...........................................................................................47
CTQ Tree ...............................................................................................47
Suppliers, Input, Process, Output, Customer........................................47
Voice of the Customer ...........................................................................47
Affinity Diagram ....................................................................................49
SWOT Analysis ......................................................................................50
Develop a Business Case ......................................................................52
Feasibility Study ....................................................................................53
Project Charter .......................................................................................54
Setting Up a Project Management Office .............................................55
Forming the Team .................................................................................56
Training the Team .................................................................................56
Contents ◾ vii
5 The Planning Process ................................................................59
Work Breakdown Structure ......................................................................61
The Project Plan ........................................................................................61
Models for Planning ..................................................................................65
Structured Problem Solving When Planning ........................................66
PDCA Model ..............................................................................................66
DMAIC Model ...........................................................................................67
3Ps Method ................................................................................................70
6Ms Method ...............................................................................................70
6Ws Approach ...........................................................................................70
A3 Format: Lean and Agile .......................................................................71
5 Why Approach: Lean and Agile ............................................................71
Six Thinking Hats .....................................................................................72
Analysis .....................................................................................................74
Design ........................................................................................................75
Development .............................................................................................75
Implementation .........................................................................................75
Evaluation ..................................................................................................75
6 Project Execution .......................................................................77
Evaluation Metrics for Piloting or Testing ................................................81
Schedule and Effort/Cost Variance ...........................................................82
Resource Utilization ..................................................................................82
Change Requests to Scope of Work .........................................................82
Number of Problems Reported by Pilot Attendees ..................................83
Performance Monitoring ...........................................................................88
Provide Project Status ...............................................................................89
7 Monitoring, Controlling, and Closing a Project .........................91
The Data Collection Plan ..........................................................................91
Change Management ................................................................................92
Making Communication Easier .................................................................96
Specific Activities ......................................................................................97
Managing and Tracking Decisions ...........................................................97
Managing and Tracking Action Items ......................................................98
Execute and Revise Project Schedule .......................................................99
Manage Risk ..............................................................................................99
Cause and Effect Matrix ..........................................................................101
Control Charts .........................................................................................102
Tools ........................................................................................................102
viii ◾ Contents
Celebrate the Success ..............................................................................103
Talk about Lessons Learned ...................................................................104
Record Best Practices ..............................................................................105
Create Standard Work .............................................................................105
Why Implement Standard Work? ............................................................105
Elements of Standard Work ....................................................................105
How to Develop Standard Work ............................................................106
8 Applying Lean and Agile Techniques to Project Management
Areas of Knowledge Promoted in the PMBOK® ......................107
Project Integration Management .............................................................108
Continuous Integration .......................................................................108
Value Stream Mapping ........................................................................109
Takt Time ............................................................................................109
Fishbone and Five Whys .....................................................................109
Poka-Yoke ............................................................................................109
Project Scope Management .....................................................................110
Project Time Management ......................................................................110
Project Cost Management .......................................................................111
Project Quality Management ..................................................................112
Project Human Resource Management ..................................................113
Project Communications Management ...................................................114
Project Risk Management .......................................................................115
SeCtion iii APPLYinG LeAn, AGiLe, AnD tRADitionAL
PRoJeCt MAnAGeMent to tHe DMAiC PRoCeSS
9 Making the DMAIC Model More Lean for Project Managers:
Define ......................................................................................121
Process Mapping .....................................................................................122
Project Charter ........................................................................................123
SWOT Analysis ........................................................................................127
Critical to Quality ....................................................................................128
SIPOC Diagram .......................................................................................130
Quality Function Deployment ................................................................131
DMAIC WBS............................................................................................132
Affinity Diagram ..................................................................................132
Kano Model .........................................................................................133
Contents ◾ ix
10 Making the DMAIC Model More Lean and Agile: Measure .....135
Detailed Process Map .............................................................................137
Benchmarking .........................................................................................137
Scorecards ...............................................................................................140
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis .........................................................142
Sigma Calculations ..................................................................................144
Cp and Pp Indexes .................................................................................145
Measurement Systems Analysis ..............................................................147
Data Collection Plan ...............................................................................148
11 Making the DMAIC Model More Lean and Agile: Analyze ......151
Key Tools: The Big Seven .......................................................................153
Flowchart .................................................................................................154
Histogram ................................................................................................154
Pareto Chart.............................................................................................157
Scatter Diagrams .....................................................................................157
Fishbone Diagram ...................................................................................158
Check Sheet .............................................................................................159
Control Charts .........................................................................................160
The Five Whys ........................................................................................162
Statistical Thinking ..................................................................................163
Statistical Process Control .......................................................................165
Stem-and-Leaf Diagram ..........................................................................169
Type I and Type II Errors .......................................................................170
Design of Experiment .............................................................................170
Analysis of Variance ................................................................................171
12 Making the DMAIC Model More Lean and Agile: Improve ......173
Project Plan .............................................................................................182
13 Making the DMAIC Model More Lean and Agile: Control .......187
ROI Calculations ......................................................................................188
ROI Formula ............................................................................................189
Sustainability ...........................................................................................189
5S Plans ...............................................................................................195
Closeout Activities ...................................................................................197
Summary of DMAIC ...............................................................................197