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335 Pages·2010·4.92 MB·English

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Selected Papers from the Fifth Transatlantic Dialogue on Public Administration
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11-13 June 2009 (cid:3) Washington, D.C..
EDITORS:
Taco Brandsen, Radboud University Nijmegen
Marc Holzer, Rutgers University-Newark
CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS:
Geert Bouckaert, University of Leuven
Taco Brandsen, Radboud University Nijmegen
Marc Holzer, Rutgers University-Newark
Julianne Mahler, George Washington University
Albert Meijer, Utrecht University
Kathy Newcomer, George Washington University
Paul Posner, George Mason University
WORKSHOP CO-CHAIRS:
Alan Abramson, George Mason University
Jan-Kees Helderman, Radboud University Nijmegen
Philip Joyce, George Washington University
Jed Kee, George Washington University
Sarabajaya Kumar, Oxford University
Albert Meijer, Utrecht University
Meredith Newman, Florida International University
Suzanne Piotrowski, Rutgers University-Newark
Priscilla Regan, George Mason University
Chris Skelcher, Birmingham University
Wim van de Donk, Tilburg University
Steven van de Walle, Erasmus University Rotterdam
American Society for
Public Administration
Published by the National Center for Public Performance (NCPP)
on behalf of the European Group for Public Administration (EGPA)
and the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA).
© 2010 NCPP
ISBN: 978-0-942942-21-7
National Center for Public Performance (NCPP)
School of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, at Newark
Center for Urban and Public Service
111 Washington Street
Newark, New Jersey, 07102
http://spaa.newark.rutgers.edu
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INTRODUCTION
The Future of Governance
in Europe and the U.S.
Taco Brandsen, Department of Political Science and Public Administration,
Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen
Marc Holzer, School of Public Affairs and Administration, Rutgers University-Newark
his edited volume is an outcome of the 5th Transatlantic Dialogue, held in Washington on June 11-
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13, 2009. This conference continued the successful series of forums that have previously been
hosted at Leuven (2005, 2006), Delaware (2007) and Milan (2008). This initiative is a joint effort of the
European Group of Public Administration (EGPA) and the American Society for Public Administration
(ASPA), with the support of the ASPA-EGPA Secretariat at the School of Public Affairs and Administra-
tion, Rutgers University-Campus at Newark. Its aim is to produce small, high-quality conferences that
raise the bar in public administration research and reinforce collaboration between the European and
North American associations.
The theme of the 2009 conference, “The Future of Governance in Europe and the U.S.,” addressed the
emergence of new forms of governance that have become key topics in recent public administration research.
Governments increasingly deliver public services in collaboration with business and not-for-profit organiza-
tions. Technological innovations and privatization have encouraged citizens to become more active as con-
sumers and co-producers of services. These developments reflect back upon governments and raises basic
issues of legitimacy, accountability and control.
The term ‘governance’ has not only become a central notion in our discipline, but has also come to repre-
sent a wide variety of meanings. While no one book can hope to incorporate this rich diversity, we have singled
out six key themes that stand at the forefront of progress in public administration research. Each part of this
book represents one of these themes.
PART 1
Part 1 addresses the question whether, in an era of declining public trust, the public sector can reestablish its le-
gitimacy. Although the recent financial crisis has reaffirmed the importance of government, the long-term trend
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has been one of declining trust. Trust is the “glue” or cement for governing societies, conferring upon govern-
ment its basic source of power. In contrast, dissatisfaction, disenchantment, distrust can undermine that legiti-
macy. A lack of trust may, therefore, undermine the ability of governments to perform.
PART 2
Part 2 discusses government’s long-term commitments, a topic that has become even more salient in the cur-
rent economic downturn. Governments in fact face various simultaneous commitments, which require a deli-
cate balancing act. They give rise to tensions such as a short-term versus long-term orientation; balancing the
welfare state with fiscal responsibility; and realistic expectations versus instant gratification.
PART 3
Part 3 assesses the contribution of other disciplines to the debate on governance. Governance has of course
been studied not only by public administration scholars, but also by researchers from several other disci-
plines such as finance, economics, management, political science and sociology. Bringing these various in-
sights is essential to future theoretical development. The contributions to this theme address themes such as
decision-making models, the implications of new public management based reforms, and issue framing and
sense making.
PART 4
Part 4 discusses the evolving concepts of accountability for governmental and non-governmental actors. These
raise issues such as challenges in implementing transparency initiatives, conflicts between reform initiatives
and agency goals, the effects of institutional changes on accountability requirements and the lessons from gov-
ernment interventions. The contributions to this section testify to the complex dynamics at play between trans-
parency, accountability and governance.
PART 5
Part 5 examines how emerging technologies transform governance and give rise to new forms of public delib-
eration and collaboration, the implications of which need to be further explored. These new forms include the
use of web-based tools for citizen and agency deliberation, and co-production on public policy issues and de-
bates, which are addressed by the papers in this section.
PART 6
Part 6 concludes the book with an analysis of collaboration, hybrid governance and networking. Interorganiza-
tional collaboration and joined-up government not only raise interesting questions of policy design, but also
challenge our discipline to develop new theories adequate to capture the complex and shifting nature of newly
emerging arrangements.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Sheela Pandey and Madelene Perez for their invaluable contribution to the conference and the book.
Of course, none of this would have been possible without the support of the ASPA and EGPA secretariats. Fi-
nally, we are grateful to participants for maintaining the tradition of lively and high-quality TAD conferences.
ABOUT THE EDITORS
Taco Brandsenis Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science & Public Administration at Rad-
boud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Over the past years, his research has focused on issues of gover-
nance, service delivery and urban regeneration. Recently, he has initiated the cross-national comparative
project Welfare Innovation at the Local level (WILCO), funded by the European Union, and set up and di-
rected the International Master Programme on the Coordination of Transition (IMPACT). His latest publica-
tions include Co-production, the Third Sector and the Delivery of Public Services(with Victor Pestoff, 2008)
and Civicness in the Governance and Delivery of Social Services(with Paul Dekker and Adalbert Evers, 2010).
He is co-director of the EGPA Study Group on the Public Governance of Societal Sectors and formerly Secre-
tary of the EGPA Study Group on the Third Sector. In 2009, he was the European co-chair of the 5th Transat-
lantic Dialogue in Washington DC.
Contact information:Taco Brandsen; Nijmegen School of Management; Department of Political Science &
Public Administration; Radboud University Nijmegen; PO Box 9108 6500 HK; Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
[email protected]; phone: + 31 24 36 11973
Marc Holzer(M.P.A., Ph.D. University of Michigan) is Dean of the School of Public Affairs and Administra-
tion and Board of Governors Professor of Public Affairs and Administration at Rutgers University's Newark
Campus. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration and of the World Academy of Pro-
ductivity Science.
Since 1975 he has directed the National Center for Public Performance, and he is the founder and Editor-
in-Chief of the journals Public Performance and Management Reviewand Public Voices, and is the co-
founder/co-editor of the Chinese Public Administration Review. He has also recently founded the Public
Performance Measurement and Reporting Network. His recent publications include Performance
Measurement; Citizen-Driven Government Performance, the Public Productivity Handbook;Restoring Trust in
Government: The Potential of Digital Citizen Participation, andBuilding Good Governance: Reforms in
Seoul.He has published well over one hundred books, monographs, chapters and articles.
Contact information:Marc Holzer, PhD; Dean and Board of Governors Professor; School of Public Affairs and
Administration (SPAA); Rutgers University-Newark; Center for Urban and Public Service; 111 Washington
Street; Newark, NJ 07102; [email protected]; phone: [phone]; fax: [phone]
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CONTENTS
(cid:3) PART 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Can the Public Sector Reestablish its Legitimacy?
CHAPTER 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Why a Rational Move Toward “Governance” May Destroy the Soul of Public Administration:
Or Why Governance Isn’t Concerned with Government Anymore
Matthew R. Fairholm
(cid:3) PART 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Financing Governance: Managing Commitments over the Long Term
CHAPTER 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
No Pay - No Cure! The Evolution of Cost Containment Policies in Dutch Healthcare
Jan-Kees Helderman and Patrick Jeurissen
CHAPTER 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Local Collaborative Public Management and Local Performance in the UK
Peter Watt
(cid:3) PART 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Public Administration and Multidisciplinarity:
The Contribution of Other Disciplines to the Debate on Governance
CHAPTER 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
The Change and Reform of the Civil Services in the EU of 27
Christoph Demmke, Thomas Henökl, and Timo Moilanen
CHAPTER 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Using Research into Valuing to Enhance the Value of Rational Initiatives to Improve Performance
George Julnes
CHAPTER 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Policy Regimes and Governance: Perspectives from Political Science
Ashley E. Jochim and Peter J. May
CHAPTER 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Constructing Meaning: Looking at Examples of Dialogue in Citizens Forums
and in Inherently Governmental Policy
Larkin Dudley
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(cid:3) PART 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Transparency and Accountability in Governance: Evolving Concepts
of Accountability for Governmental and Non-Governmental Actors
CHAPTER 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
The Swiss Federal Law on Transparency: Much Ado about Nothing?
Sarah Holsen and Martial Pasquier
CHAPTER 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Transparency and Accountability in Economic Development Efforts: Causes with Consequences
Jeremy L. Hall
CHAPTER 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Changing Modes of Official Accountability in the UK
Karen Johnston Miller, Duncan McTavish, and Robert Pyper
CHAPTER 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Accountability Pressures and Financial Rescue Plans: Insights from the US and UK Bailout Proposals
Eric A. Scorsone
(cid:3) PART 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
How Will Emerging Technologies Transform Governance:
Emergent Forms of Public Deliberation and Collaboration
CHAPTER 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
User and Community Co-Production of Public Services and Public Policies through Collective
Decision-Making: the Role of Emerging Technologies
Tony Bovaird and Elke Loeffler
CHAPTER 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Agency-Based and Agency-Related Blogs as Public Forums
Julianne G. Mahler and Priscilla M. Regan
(cid:3) PART 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Collaboration, Hybrid Governance and Networking
CHAPTER 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Gordian Knot or Integrated Theory? Critical Conceptual Considerations
for Governance Network Analysis
Christopher Koliba, Jack Meek, and Asim Zia
CHAPTER 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Contexts, Hybrids and Network Governance: A Comparison of Three Case-studies
in Infrastructure Governance
Joop Koppenjan, Myrna Mandell, Robyn Keast, and Kerry Brown
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PPAARRTT 11 (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
Can the Public Sector
Reestablish its Legitimacy?
n an era of declining public trust, the first section addresses the important question whether the public sector
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can reestablish its legitimacy (Fung, 2006; Koppell, 2008; Lynn, 2009). This legitimacy refers to a general ac-
ceptance/support/acquiescence of the government (and its public servants) by the people. It is affected by a num-
ber of factors. These include “how” public services are delivered, the performance of public sector agencies in
delivering those services, the extent to which the government and its public service are “trusted” by the people,
the level and type of participation by citizens, and the flow of information from government to its citizens.
Trust in government increases a sense of public sector legitimacy (Goodsell, 2006). Trust is the “glue” or
cement for governing societies, conferring upon government its basic source of power. In contrast, dissatisfac-
tion, disenchantment, distrust can undermine that legitimacy. A lack of trust may, therefore, undermine the abil-
ity of governments to perform. Governments have worked frantically to explore ways to restore legitimacy.
Yet, some approaches in the public sector may actually decrease the public’s sense of legitimacy. The increased
use of nongovernmental actors (both the private sector and NGOs) to deliver public services has given rise to
the concept of “governance.” In addition there are questions regarding the role of government. Is it changing to
one of “conductor” and “mediator” between the nongovernmental actors and citizens?
Fairholm argues that the concept of “governance” gives us the language of change and “legitimizes” a
movement away from public administrators as benevolent public servant working within and protecting regime
values. Instead public actors now are involved in shaping and guiding the structures and purposes of social col-
lectivities. The author makes the case that this shift in thinking may ignore important governmental and consti-
tutional principles and values (e.g., in the United States, the concept of representative democracy). Fairholm
calls for the need to be cognizant of both the “body” (technique, process, activity) and the “spirit” (purpose,
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