layered square location management - ethesis - National Institute of

33 Pages·2012·1.39 MB·English

LAYERED SQUARE LOCATION MANAGEMENT (LSLM) SCHEME
FOR
MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
Kanhu Charan Patra (108EE079)
Samrat Suna (108EE088)
Ajit Kumar Satpathy (108EE089)

Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Rourkela-769008
2012
LAYERED SQUARE LOCATION MANAGEMENT (LSLM) SCHEME
FOR
MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
Kanhu Charan Patra (108EE079)
Samrat Suna (108EE088)
Ajit Kumar Satpathy (108EE089)

Under the guidance of
Prof. P.K Sahu

Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Rourkela-769008
2012
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Certificate

This is to authenticate that thesis entitled “Layered Square Location Management (LSLM)
Scheme for Mobile Ad hoc Network”, is submitted by Kanhu Charan Patra (108EE079),
Samrat Suna (108EE088) and Ajit Kumar Satpathy (108EE089) in partial fulfilment of the award
of Bachelor of Technology in the Department of Electrical Engineering at National Institute of
Technology, Rourkela is an genuine work carried out by them under my observation and
assistance.

To the best of my awareness, the matter exemplified in the thesis has not been acquiesced to any
other University / Institute for the accolade of any Degree or Diploma.

Date: Prof. P.K Sahu
Place: Rourkela Dept. of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Acknowledgement

The research work associated to this thesis has been carried out at Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela. This work would have been
difficult without the assistance and supervision of several people, whose contribution we would
like to acknowledge.
First of all, we would like to show our sincere and profound gratitude to our supervisor Prof.
Prasanna Kumar Sahu, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, for his consistent boost and tremendous
support throughout our research work and sharing his technical knowledge has led us through
many difficulties easily. This thesis work would have been a difficult task to complete without
profiting from his proficiency, inspiration and appreciated time and criticisms. His ceaseless
motivation for new and better consequences is highly valued.
We are indebted to Dr. B. D. Subudhi, Professor and Head of the Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, for allowing us to use the necessary
facilities for carrying out this thesis work.
Finally, we would like to express our heart-felt gratitude to our parents and our family members
for being with us when encountering difficulties. Their loving support has been and always will
be our most precious possession on earth.

Yours Sincerely,

Kanhu Charan Patra (108EE079)

Samrat Suna (108EE088)

Ajit Kumar Satpathy (108EE089)
i
Abstract

The population of India is 1.25 billion with 500 million of mobile subscriber. This huge change
in mobile services resulted in crime hike, teenage kidnap, suicidal cases, and mobile thefts. It is
only due to ease of carrying and flexibility in movement from one place to another. In a mobile
network, mobile users travel at different velocity and different places. For mobile/network
operator, it is useful to track each mobile user for its reference. It sometimes helps in
investigational purpose, some lost and found reference. It is also useful to track exact location of
the users using different technologies. This paper will focus on different location management
technique, Layered Square Location Management (LSLM) functionality, and location update
procedures. A model of LSLM scheme is also designed to understand the whole procedure of
tracking a mobile user. The model is designed using TSOP sensor as server region and an object
as mobile device. The LSLM scheme makes the mobile network more cost effective and
enhances the efficiency of location management.

ii
Table of Contents
Title Page No

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................... i
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... ii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iii
List of figures .................................................................................................................................. v
List of tables ................................................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1. Mobility management ...................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Location update procedure ............................................................................................... 2
1.3. Location area .................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Mobile ad hoc network ........................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Proactive Protocols ............................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Reactive Protocol ............................................................................................................. 4
2.3. Position Based Routing Protocol ..................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Proposed Scheme for location management ........................................................................... 7
3.1. Network Structure ............................................................................................................ 7
3.2. Proposed scheme in MANET ........................................................................................... 9
3.2.1. Fully qualified location information ......................................................................... 9
3.2.2. Relative location information ................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................................. 10
4. Location Update .................................................................................................................... 11
4.1. Location update for node movement within sub-region ................................................ 11
4.2. Location update for node movement between sub-regions ............................................ 12
4.3. Location update for node movement between square regions at different levels .......... 13

iii
Title Page No

CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................................................. 15
5. Physical Model of LSLM Scheme ........................................................................................ 16
5.1. TSOP Sensor............................................................................................................... 16
5.2. Transformer ................................................................................................................ 17
5.3. Bridge Rectifier with a Smoothing Capacitor ............................................................ 18
5.4. 7805 IC ....................................................................................................................... 19
5.5. LED ............................................................................................................................ 19
CHAPTER 6 ................................................................................................................................. 20
6. Function of LSLM Scheme Model ....................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 7 ................................................................................................................................. 22
7. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 23
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 24

iv
List of figures
Figure No. Description Page No

Figure 1: Complete network structure of proposed LSLM ............................................................. 7
Figure 2 : Assignment of location server region ............................................................................. 8
Figure 3 : Location update for node movement within sub-region .............................................. 11
Figure 4 : Location update for node movement between sub-regions .......................................... 12
Figure 5 : Location update for node movement between square regions at different levels ........ 13
Figure 6 : Physical scheme for LSLM .......................................................................................... 16
Figure 7 : TSOP Schematic Diagram............................................................................................ 17
Figure 8 : Step Down Transformer ............................................................................................... 17
Figure 9 : Schematic bridge rectifier with smoothing diode......................................................... 18
Figure 10 : Original model of Bridge Rectifier ............................................................................ 18
Figure 11 : LED and 7805 IC ....................................................................................................... 19
Figure 12: Working model of LSLM Scheme .............................................................................. 21

v
List of tables
Table No. Description Page No

Table 1 : Sub-regions and location server ....................................................................................... 8
Table 2: Fully qualified location information ................................................................................. 9
Table 3: Location server id ............................................................................................................. 9
Table 4: Relative location information ........................................................................................... 9
Table 5 : Maximum Rating Of TSOP Sensor ............................................................................... 16
vi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1