Latin American Thought: Philosophical Problems And Arguments PDF
Preview Latin American Thought: Philosophical Problems And Arguments
LATIN AMERICAN THOUGHTP:H ILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS ARGUMENTS AND This page intentionally left blank LATIN AMERICAN THOUGHTP:H ILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS ARGUMENTS AND Susana Nuccetelli A Member of the Perseus Books Group AI1 rights reserved. X3rinted in the United States of America, No part of this publication may be reproduced or trarlsmi~edin any form or by any means, electronic or tl-techanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without pcrinission in writing from the publisher, Copyright Q 2002 by Westview Press, A hlcxnbcr of the Perscus Books Group Westview X3ress books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by cc>rporations, institutions, and other organizatiot~s.F or more inlorll-tation, please contact the Special :Markets Departtl-tent at The Perseus Books (irclup, I I Carl~hridgcC cntcr3 Ca~nbridgcM A 02142, or call. (617) 252-5298, Published it1 2002 in the Uttited States of America by Westview Press, 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 803(21-21177,a nd in the United Kingdom by Westvievcr Press, I2 Hid's Copse Road, Cuxnnor Hill, Oxford <)X2 9Jj Find us on the World Wide Web at www,westviewpress.cot~'~t A CXP catalog record for this book is available from the 1,ibrary of C:ongress. The paper used in this publication meets the reyuirerne~~otsf the American National Standarct for Permanence of Papcr for X3rinted 14tbraryI dfaterials Z39.48-1984, To my husband, whonz 3 loue sv P~Z.UC~ This page intentionally left blank Preface I The Epistemic Practices of Latin American Indians: A Puzzle for Philosophers Why Should We Care About Native Cultures? z Rational Prediction in the West, 3 Prediction Among the Mayans, 4 The Case of Mayan Astrology, 5 The Case of Mayan Prophecies, 8 What Sort of Rationality Is Mayan Rationality? q An Argument for Strong Rationalism, io The Principle of Charity Versus Strong Rationalism, r z A Further Objection to Strong Rationalism, r 3 The Bridgehead View, rq First Objection to the Bridgehead View, t 6 Second Objection to the Bridgehead View, t 7 Weak Rationality and Critical Thinking, t g Discussion Questions, zo Suggestions for Further Reading, zr Notes, 22 2 Could the Mayans Think? And What About Us? 25 The Weak Rationality Argument, 27 Human Rationality and Animal Rationality, z7 Table of Congents A Metaphorical Interpretation of Mayan Prediction, "True for the Mayans," 30 Is Rationality Relative? 3 2 "True in the Context of Mayan Culture," 33 Ordinary Thinkers Versus Super Thinkers, 3 5 Cognitive Pluralism, 3 8 Super Thinkers Versus Animal Thinkers, j 8 Neither Super Thinkers nor Animal Thinkers, 40 Mayan Rationality Reconsidered, 42 Could the Natives of Latin America Think? 43 Why the Mayans' Massive Error Does Not Amount to Irrationality, 4 5 Discussion Questions, 46 Suggestions for Further Reading, 48 Notes, 48 j Native Folk Cosmologies Versus Western Philosophy and Science Understanding the Natural World: Latin America and the West, 50 Folk Cosmologies in Latin America, g I Folk Cosmologies in the West, 53 Questions That Make Little Sense to Ask, 53 Are Folk Cosmologies Philosophy! 5 5 Did Ancient Latin American Civilizations Have Any Philosophy? 56 What Bernardino de Sahaglin Saw in the Colonies, 57 Is Philosophy Universal? Latin Americans Follow the West, 58 Antonio Caso on the Philosophical Character, g9 Josi. Vasconcelos' " Super-Criterion," 6 r Argumentation as a Demarcation Criterion, 62 The Ancestors of Philosophy in the West, 62 The Ancestors of Philosophy in Latin America, hj Philosophy Today in Latin America and the West, 64 Discussion Questions, 66 Suggestions for Further Reading, 67 Notes, 67 4 The Legacy of 1492: Pluralism, Relativism, and the Clash of Cultures 69 What Would Santayana Say About Magic Thought and Prayers? 7 r Could Magic Really Help in Understanding the Natural World? 73 Relativism Revisited: The Linguistic Argument, 74 A Contribution from Cultural Anthropology, 76 Avoiding Ethnocentrism, 77 Getting Tough-Minded, 78 Pluralism Without Cultural Relativism, 79 Completing the Analogy, 8 r Philosophy, Science, and World Cultures, 82 Francisco Romero: Not All Cultures Are Created Equal, 82 The "Species Chauvinism" Objection Against Romero, 83 Is There a Natural Selection of Cultures! 85 Discussion Questions, 88 Suggestions for Further Reading, go Notes, 3 r 5 Thornistic Philosophy and the Conquest: Human Rights in the New World 93 Human Rights: A Moral Dilemma, 94 Conflict of Cultures and of Religions, Too, 98 Was the Conquest Morally Justified? 101 Were the Indians "Natural Slaves" ? I xozl The Theory of Natural Slaves in Context, 107 Sepclveda Defeated by a Non-Scholastic Alternative, r 08 Montaigne and the Relativist Alternative, r ro Las Casask Scholastic Defense of the Rights of the Indians, t t4
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