Lateral Support in Surface Excavations - Code of Practice

235 Pages·1989·34.556 MB·English

by  Geotechnical Division of the South African Instutition of Civil Engineers

LATERAL SUPPORT
IN SURFACE EXCAVATIONS
CODE OF PRACTICE
1989
THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERS
GEOTECHNICAL DIVISION
LATERALS UPPORINTS URFACEE XCAVANTSIO
LATERSAULP PORT
INS URFAECXCAVATEI ONS
CODOEF P RACTICE
1989
THES OUTAHF RICIANNS TITOUFT ION
CIVEINLG INEERS
GEOTECHNIDCIAVLI SION
LATERAL SUPPRTO INS URFAECEX CAVATIO-NCodSe ofP ractice
© SOUTAHF RICANI NSTITUTOIFCO INV EINLG IEN�E.
Firsetd ition 1972
Seconedd it1i9o8n9 . .
Seconedd itsieoncndoi, m pression 1993
Publibsyth hSoeeud t .hA frIincsatnio tfCu itivEoinnlg ineers (GDeiovtiescihonni)c.a l
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Engineers.
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YEOVILLE
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ISB0-6N2 0-139(5h1a-crXod v· er)
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FOREWORD
ThisCo deo fP racrteiepcsrneet tsh eeffo rtso fad edcitaegdr ooufcpiv li
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Thep rveiuosp ubliioacnrats oef rmo tShyem poosniD ueepmB asmeent
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SatdnadrB anCekn treexa cvantswi eoraem ontghd ee epietnsh twe o dr l
att htaite.m

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CMM cIMLLAN
SACIEP redesnit19,88 Mar1c9h8 9
MEMBEROSF T HE
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Engineers:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Extrafcrtotsmh vea riaocutossf P arliahmaevbneeet n r eprodiunc ed
AppenGd,wi ixt thh.p eermisosfti hoGeno vernPmreinntPt reert,o ria.
FOREOWRDT OT HE1 972DIT IENOO FT HECO DEO FP RACTICEO N
LATERSAULP OPRTIN SURFEAEX CCAVTAIONS
ByM r. P.J .eK,lrP irEng,B ScEngM,SA ICEM,A SCE.
Presidento ft hSeo uhAt friIcnasnit oiontfC u itvEniglei enrs.
Durig1n 966a,g r ouofpind ividlun aegienrhese ldids ciounswssith hteC itnyg ieEner
ofJo hannesbuwrigatv hie wt oc lfayriiprnogb lermesl atttoeh sadef eotfey x caatnviso
tord eebpa seenmst.
Ariigsnf rotmh edsei sscsunisoa,s ymopsiounmd eebpa seenmtosr,ng iasbeyd
tehJ ohannseburBgr nacho ft hSeo utAhf rainIc nstiotfCu itviEionlnng eieirns
asoscaitiwointt hhS et crtuuDrviails iwoahsne ,l idnA ugu1s96t7T .h sey pmosium
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Att hceo ncluosfti hoseny mopsmi uiwta ss uggetshtaetd mam iteCobt ee
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tot hweh oolfet hReep ublic.
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andu nderwriters.
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Tot hbee sotft hCoeu ncikln'osw lneods giemi slpaercc iodfeoif pc r acrteilcaet ing
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1.S.A.IJ.ohCa.nEn.e sBbruarngScy hm.p osoinuD me eBpa seemntsA,u gu1s9t6 7.
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CONTEN.T S
P�e
CHAPETR 1N:T ROIDUCTOIN.....................................................1.. .
11. SCOPE· ························································ 1· ···
1.2 BASIC CONSIDERATIO.N..S........................... 2.
1.3 RPELIMINARYA CTOIN..................................3. .
13..1 AppointmoefnEn tg niee.r................. .3. ...
1.3.2L eagir eqiruemenatnsdp ercauotnis.....3 .
1.3.3 Noftiicnas.t.i..o..................................4 . ....
1.3 .4 Insunrcae.s...................................... .4. ....
1.35. oCnatcruatlas petsc..............................5.
1.4 PLANNINDGE,S IGANN DE XECUOTNI.......5. ...
1.5 M�ASUREM.E..N.T.. ......._....... ................... .5........
CHATPER·2.S: l "!"IENV ESTITGl�pN. .:.:..·�..·· · ·.·...·..:..·..·.·.-.-.7.. .......
21. INTRODUCT.I.:O...N... ..........................7... .........
- • •:• • •
22. OBEJCTIV-EASNDP LANNING......................7. ..
2.3 DESKS TUDAYN DP RELIMINARY
FILEDWORK. ...........:.............................. ..8.. ..... ..
2.4D ETAILFIEEDL ADN DL ABROATOYR
INVESTGIAT ION. .:......... ...............................9... .
2.4.E1x teanntdi nte·n.s.i..t....y.. .. ............ . .....9 .
24.2. Methoodfis ne svtigtain.o.............1.1 . ........
2.4.3. Desipctrni oofst art.a.......................1..1.. ..
2.4.4 Samplnig.........................................1..1.. . .
2.4.5L aboratetsotry.i. ..n...g... .....................1. 2. .
24..6 Feildte sitgn...................................12.. ... ...
2.74 .I nvestidguarticinoognn s tructio1n2. ..........
2.4.8 djAaceanctt eisv..i...t..i.................1...2 .. .....
2.4.9 Montioring...................................... .3.. 1.....
25. EXISGT ISNTRUCTURAENSDS ERVICES.1.3. ...
2.6R EPORTS·· ···················.·. ........................1.3.. ..... .
2.6.1 Sitivnese gtaitiroenpo r..t....................13.. .
26..2 Complieotrne p.o.r.t... •·.. .....•.·..·· ·..·····.··1. 4
CHPATER3 :SSU EPLPCOERTOTI.N. ..O..FS.. .Y..A.S... .T....E..O..M..F. LA.. ...T...E..R..A...L..................1.5 ....
31. INTRDOUCTOIN. ......·...·.· .. .··. .. . .....·. ·.·.·.·.·. .·.·. 1. .5
32. STIEC ONDITNIS.O .....................................1. 5....
3.3P ROPOSEDD EVEL�EN:Ti.;·P.· ·M. . ·.................1.6
34. ADJACETN PROPER.TY. ............·...... ...........1.7. .
3.5C ONSTRUIOCNTS YSTEMS............1.. 7. .............
3.15 .Cosntrucwtiitoahnnio np en
unuspporetx_aec�da t.i.:o.. n... .. ........1.7. . ....
3..25 Tepmorasruyp psotrtr uatgtaeidan st
centdruaJ11lp .l�..i··. n· g· ······.··.·· ···'.1 ·8·
··.!·······
3.5.T3e mporaryb yfs uu.lbplrpyaocrt.e .d
tre.n.c.-.h.. ..... .................1.9.. ......................
3.45· .F ulblrya ctede mposruapryp. o.rt.. ....19.. ...
�.5..P 5e rma,wn�eIcnIQt n uscttrpiroino r to
exvcaatiaondnb racferdoa mc entral
permacnoennstt r.u.c.t.i.o.n.. .2 .0. ..............
3.5.G6r ouanndc hors..........2. 0. .........................
·3 .5.S7o niali .l.:i.. n..g. .:.. ..................2...1 . ...........
3.5.R8o cbko l.t.s. .....:·..·.. ........2...2... .. ..............
3.5.C9a ntiwlaelvlesr. ....................2...3 .. ...........
3.15O . Caiosnss...................................2.. .4... .......
3.151.C oncurrenatn dduo pwwnawradr d
conscttri.uo .n .... .. .. .. ... . ... 25 . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.152.U nconvenmteitohnooadflss u popr..t.....26
3.6D EWTAERINGAN DL EACHINOGFS OLDSI. ..28
CHAPTE4R:E A RTHP RESUSRES. ..............................................3 .1
4.1 INTRODUCTION..........................................3.. 1.. .
4.2 DESING PARAMET.E.R.S. ....................3 .1. ..........
4.2.S1o islt repnagrtahm e.t.e.r.s..........3.1.. .......
4.2.W2a lflr icatniwdoa nla ld hes.i.o.n.. ..3.1.. ....
4.32 .-Cn>fidelnicmei t.s..................3.4.. ........ .....
4.3D EFINNI OTFIS OYMBOLS...............3.. 4. ............
4.4E FFECOTFM OVEMEONFTS UPPORT
SYSTEOMN E ARTPHR ESSURES......3..5.. ...... ..
4.4..G 1e ne.r.a.l............................3.5.. ........ ........
4.4.M2o vmeentrse quitrode edv ealcotpi ve
andp asseiavrept rhe ss.u.r.e.s. .3.6. ..........
4.5A T-RESTE ARTPHR ESSUR.E.S. ......3 .8. .............
4.6A CTIAVNED PASPSRIEVSES URES..3.9. ...........
A.6.A1c tipvree ss-:--urgeesn egruaild an4c2e...
4.6.A2c tipvree ss-umriensi mduems ign
pressures...................4..2.. ........................
4.6.P3as sivper ess-ugreense gruaild a4n4c e.
47. RESTRICMTOEVDE MENTS......4.5. ....................
4.8E MPIRIMCEATLH O.D.S. :.. ............ ..4.5. ...............
4.9S URCHARLGOEA DING................4..7.. ...............
4.1E0F FECOTFSW ATEPRR ESSU.R.E... ..4.7. ..........
4.1P1R ESSUIRNED UCBEYDB ACKFIL.L.I.N4.G7. ...
4.1R2E STRAOIFNE TX CAVATIIONRN OSC .K. .4.8. ..
4.12G.e1n eral....................4..8.. ..........................
4.12F.a2i lmuerceh anainsmdme st hoodfs
anyasl.i.s......................4..9.. .....................
CHAPTE5R: DESOIFLG ANT ERSAULP PORSTY STEMS..53. ........
5.1I NTROCDTUIO..N................5.3 . .........................
5.1.G1e neral............5.3. ..................................