Laser Doppler Vibrometry: A Multimedia Guide to its Features and Usage PDF
Preview Laser Doppler Vibrometry: A Multimedia Guide to its Features and Usage
Enrico Primo Tomasini Paolo Castellini Editors Laser Doppler Vibrometry A Multimedia Guide to Its Features and Usage Laser Doppler Vibrometry Enrico Primo Tomasini Paolo Castellini (cid:129) Editors Laser Doppler Vibrometry A Multimedia Guide to Its Features and Usage 123 Editors EnricoPrimo Tomasini PaoloCastellini Department ofIndustrial Department ofIndustrial Engineering andMathematical Sciences Engineering andMathematical Sciences Polytechnic University ofMarche Polytechnic University ofMarche Ancona,Italy Ancona,Italy ISBN978-3-662-61316-0 ISBN978-3-662-61318-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61318-4 ©Springer-VerlagGmbHGermany,partofSpringerNature2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of SpringerNature. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:HeidelbergerPlatz3,14197Berlin,Germany We know from general experience that a ship of moderately deep draught which is steering toward the oncoming waves has to receive, in the same period oftime, more waves and with a greater impact than one which is not moving or is even moving along in the direction. If this is valid for the waves of water, then why should it not also be applied with necessary modification to air and other waves? Christian Johann Doppler (Salzburg, 1803–1853) In memory of Tony, for its contribution to this book … for its contribution to vibration testing with lasers… for the effect of his enthusiasm on our life. Preface This book is inspired by the research activities developed during the last two decades by a community of researchers coming from different places and friendly catalysedbywhatwasformerlytheUniversityofAnconaandnowistheUniversità Politecnica delle Marche around a series of events, conferences and common research work. All these people share the desire to diffuse the knowledge about laser vibrom- etry, and this objective found its synthesis with the active participation at the InternationalConferenceonVibrationMeasurementsbyLaserTechniques,heldin Ancona every two years and organized by the AIVELA association, which I have the honour to chair since its first edition in 1994. AIVELA, the Italian Association of LAser VElocimetry and non-invasive diagnostics, was founded in July 1991 to promote the development of laser velocimetry techniques. The main objectives of AIVELA are: (cid:129) to develop the exchange of information among scientists, universities, associ- ations, societies, companies and corporations interested in scientific and tech- nological activities of laser velocimetry; (cid:129) topromoteandtowidelyspreadthestudyandtheresearchonlaservelocimetry and its applications by technical reports, publications, meetings, courses and workshops; (cid:129) to promote technical education in the field of laser velocimetry. The focus of AIVELA is to promote directly the application of laser measure- ment techniques to various industrial and scientific activities, such as fluid dynamics (hydro and aerodynamics), combustion, industrial, environmental and biomedical engineering. The idea of a multimedia product for the dissemination of the theory and the applications of the laser Doppler vibrometry has been conceived by me. After that, in 1997 during IMAC, Prof. Okubo invited me at Chuo University, Tokyo, for presenting my research activity. ix x Preface More recently, when my path crossed that of the team of Prof. Pier Giuseppe Rossi of the Università di Macerata, a well-recognized expert in multimedia didactics, all the necessary tools were available for starting the project. But things tooktimetomatureandnowcometothepublicintheformofamultimediaproduct associated with a book. Since the aim of the product is to cover both the theoretical aspects and some examples of application, I believed that a valid support could be a multimedia presentation which could let the audience browse into the contents and be asclose as possible to performing a real experimental activity. This led to the idea of going beyond the “book” format, since I urged the necessity of approaching the scientific content of laser Doppler vibrometry in a different way than classic technical textbook. The possibility of navigating among chapters and paragraphs and the availability of means for going into more depth about the technicalities and the theory were the issues which obliged to focus my efforts towards an interactive approach to this subject. This preface is also the opportunity to acknowledge the work of all the people involved in this book. Ilike to remind companies, institutions andcolleagues that supported this work with useful contributions. Special mention is finally to the research team of Università Politecnica delle Marche,whichIhavethehonourtocoordinate;theyalltogether,despitetheywere very busy in other business and in the daily practice of teaching and making research, everyone sacrificed part of their leisure time just to follow and share my dream. Here is the opportunity to testify once again my endless admiration and gratitude. Ancona, Italy Enrico Primo Tomasini January 2019 Introduction Sincewhenthegroupofco-authorsstartedtheplanningregardingthisbookandthe discussionon thestructure itshouldhave,it wasevidentasignificant difference in the point of view of people involved. Some people, by the way the older part of the team, were dreaming a hi-tech learning support. Others,bythewayyoungerpartoftheteam,weremoretraditionalists,thinking to develop a classic technical textbook made in old-fashioned cellulose paper. The arguments of the first group were that only multimedia technology can provide videos, interactive exercises and virtual environment allowing to create a virtual experience of the topics being presented, particularly of the application examples. Their point of strength was that a multimedia product would overcome the problem of having access to such type of instrumentation, typically available onlyintoverywell-equippedlaboratoriesaroundtheworld,duetothedifficultiesof buying expensive devices. The attractive idea is that with multimedia, a “student” can move in the laboratory just sitting in front to his PC, making an attractive, involving and user-friendly experience even in the absence of an instrument. Animations, movies and interactive schemes help a better and immediate understanding of the properties and potential of such measurement methods. In addition, the book is also intended as a continuous learning tool, oriented to train technical staff with years of experience in some fields, who may face laser vibrometry technology for thefirsttime; for them,themultimediaapproachmakes it easier the learning process, allowing a practical approach which could even be followed by reversing the classical top-down learning process and adapting it to each one’s needs. It is expected that many readers would use the multimedia product browsing from the applications (usually the end of a book), and only later going to the (always necessary) theory (usually the first part of a book). The traditional party of the co-authors’ group said that classic textbooks on white paper are easier to be read (everywhere), faster to be consulted, more com- pliant with human brain learningtime, more ecological … inconclusion, probably because they are using computers all day long, every day, at least when they read, they like a traditional book! xi xii Introduction The fight was strong, amazing and fascinating! Finally, it was the editor that found the solution: a Solomonic choice, a real compromise. A classical paper textbook with a downloadable electronic material associated, for one party, a downloadable multimedia material with a paper book associated for the others! These are the reasons why this book is made of two types of learning supports, sotocombine advantagesofdifferent solutionsand becompliant topreferences of every reader. Thereadercanstarteitherfromthemultimediaorfromthebook.Topicsarethe same, even if contents are partly different because of the different possibilities offered by multimedia technologies with respect to paper books. The organization of this volume follows the typical scheme, organized in chapters and paragraphs. The structure is the following: 1. Introduction 2. Supporting theory 3. Theory of laser vibrometry 4. Detailed description of the instrumentation After this brief introduction regarding the concept of the book, the supporting theory is presented in Chap. 1. This part would like to be a support for the reader providinggeneralinformationonlightsources,lightscatteringandinterference,for a better understanding of the rest of the book. This part is not an exhaustive explanationofallthephysicalprinciplesrelatedtolaservibrometry,and,ontheone handitcouldbeskipped,atleastinsomeparts,bypeoplewithabasicbackground inphysics.Otherparts,likethatrelatedtosafetyortolightscatteringfromsurfaces, are probably to be taken in a due consideration by all readers. Chapter 2 presentsthetheory oflaser vibrometry. Interferometersareexplained fromboththeopticalpointofviewandtherelatedelectronics.Optionsliketracking filtersordifferentstrategyofsignaldemodulationarefaced,becausetheyimpactin a significant way on the practical use of the vibrometers. In Chap. 3, the configurations which are met on today’s instrumentation are presented; particular attention is put to provide practical suggestions on the use of laser vibrometers. Milena Martarelli Enrico Primo Tomasini
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