Large Energy Storage Systems Handbook (The CRC Press Series in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering)

254 Pages·2011·4.6 MB·English

by  Frank S. Barnes

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In the current push to convert to renewable sources of energy,
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many issues raised years ago on the economics and the difficulties
e
of siting energy storage are once again being raised today. When
r
large amounts of wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources
g
are added to existing electrical grids, efficient and manageable
y
energy storage becomes a crucial component to allowing a range

of eco-friendly resources to play a significant role in our energy S
system. In order to fulfill our intended goal of diminishing t
dependence on non-renewable sources of energy and reducing o
our carbon footprint, we must find a way to store and convert r
these novel resources into practical solutions. a
g
Based on the efforts of a University of Colorado team devoted to
e
increasing the use of renewable energy production within the

current electrical power grid, Large Energy Storage Systems S
y
Handbook examines a number of ways that energy can be stored
s
and converted back to electricity. Examining how to enhance
t
renewable generation energy storage relative to economic and
e
carbon impact, this book discusses issues of reliability, siting, m
economics, and efficiency. Chapters include the practicalities of
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energy storage, generation, and absorption of electrical power;

the difficulties of intermittent generation; and the use of pumped H
and underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage. The book
highlights the storage of compressed air, battery energy, solar a
thermal, and natural gas sources of energy. n
Heavily referenced and easily accessible to policy makers, d
developers, and students alike, Large Energy Storage Systems
b
Handbook provides contributions from those active in the field
for coverage of many important topics. With this book as a o
foundation, these pioneers can develop the capacity of power
o
grids to handle high renewable energy generation penetration
86006
and provide a brighter future for generations to come. k
Edited by
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Frank S. Barnes
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
270 Madison Avenue
an informa business New York, NY 10016
2 Park Square, Milton Park Jonah G. Levine
Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
Large Energy
Storage Systems
H a n d b o o k
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Large Energy
Storage Systems
H a n d b o o k
Edited by
Frank S. Barnes
Jonah G. Levine
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
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© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................xi
Editors ...................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xv
1. Applications of Energy Storage to Generation and Absorption
of Electrical Power ..........................................................................................1
Jonah G. Levine and Frank S. Barnes
2. Impacts of Intermittent Generation ..........................................................17
Porter Bennett, Jozef Lieskovsky, and Brannin McBee
3. Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage ....................................................51
Jonah G. Levine
4. Underground Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage ..........................77
Gregory G. Martin
5. Compressed Air Energy Storage .............................................................111
Samir Succar
6. Battery Energy Storage ..............................................................................153
Isaac Scott and Se-Hee Lee
7. Solar Thermal Energy Storage .................................................................181
Carl Begeal and Terese Decker
8. Natural Gas Storage ...................................................................................213
Kent F. Perry
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vii

Preface
This book is largely the result of the efforts by a group of students at the
University of Colorado Boulder who were interested in making an increas-
ing penetration of renewable energy production useful on the electric power
grid. This initial work attempted to include issues of reliability, siting, eco-
nomics, and efficiency. Over time this work looked at energy storage through
the lens of increasing penetration of renewable generation relative to eco-
nomic and carbon impacts to our power grids. This work began with a focus
on a utility scale, and we have added significant contributions from others
who have been working in the field in order to cover important topics more
completely. Many of the issues that were raised years ago on the econom-
ics and the difficulties siting energy storage are still being raised today. We
believe that in spite of a number of studies to the contrary, energy storage
for the generation of electric power will be important when large amounts
of wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources are added to electrical
power grids so that these resources can provide a significant fraction of the
total electrical energy on the system. In this review we have examined a
number of ways that large amounts of energy can be stored and then con-
verted back to electrical energy.
It is our hope that these reviews will be of value to a variety of people
including policymakers, developers, and students who need a reference
on the issues surrounding energy storage to enable a power grid with high
renewable generation penetration.
Frank S. Barnes and Jonah G. Levine
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ix