Language Policity Report 2016

164 Pages·2017·5.04 MB·English

cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingü-
ística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per
la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius
d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques
Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús
• Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans
educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques
Language
lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot
Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment
de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua
Policy Report
• Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn •
Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques
• Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús •
Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment
de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat
Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment
de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció
exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del cata-
là • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans
educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats
• Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos
• Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Fo-
ment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat
• Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística •
Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polí-
tiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Fo2me0nt 1de6 l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català •
Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Im-
mersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per
la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot •
Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de
l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.
cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingü-
ística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua
Generalitat of Catalunya
Ministry of Culture
Summary
The current language situation 5 Catalan sign language (LSC) 116
Language knowledge among the population 6 Promoting the language and knowledge of it 116
Language use among the population 15
Language in the socioeconomic sphere 16 Occitan; Aranese in Aran 120
Language use in the media and ICT 24 The language situation of Aranese Occitan 120
Language use in cultural industries 30 Promoting knowledge of Aranese 126
Language use in education 33 Supporting Aranese 127
Language use in the Justice Administration 40
The legal framework 131
Government action 45 Legislation in 2016 131
Promoting knowledge of Catalan 46 Jurisdictional action 134
Certificates of Catalan knowledge 57 Regulations pending implementation 140
Tools and services for language quality 58 Regulatory changes in other Catalan-speaking
Fostering the use of Catalan 66 territories 141
Language rights 89
Annexes 145
International profile 91 Budget 146
The teaching of Catalan abroad 91 Institutional structure 153
Institutional promotion of the Catalan language abroad 99
Collaboration with other Catalan-speaking territories 101
Activities in Spain 113
Involvement in European organisations 114
{
Current language situation
People born outside Catalonia 66.7% of Catalan consumers 21.1% of viewers have watched The number of court rulings
account for 35.1% of the want labelling in Catalan. movies in Catalan online. in Catalan has stabilised at very
Catalan population. low rates: 8.4%.
Radio in Catalan is in a majority Catalan has become established
21% of people in Girona and watching television in as the majority language for Lleida is the province with
province are foreign-born, the Catalan is growing. shows at 61.9%. most court rulings, 29%, and
highest proportion in the entire interlocutory orders, 59%,
More than half of Catalans, Most lower secondary education
country. notified in Catalan.
56.6%, visit websites in Catalan, students have a high or
94.3% of people aged 15 and a proportion that is increasing medium-high level in Catalan,
over understand Catalan and every year. Spanish, English and French.
80.4% of them can speak it.
About 73% of people use The average use of Catalan
91% of shops in Barcelona Catalan on social media and in degree courses is 75.7%.
have customers who speak in messaging apps. In masters programmes it is
Catalan. 55.7%.
{
Learning
696 reception classrooms have Nearly 75,000 people enrolled 1,697 activities to promote enrolled with the SOC, 649 on
hosted 8,923 students. for 3,455 Consortium courses reading in Catalan at the CPNL. the Return to Work Programme,
in 159 towns, 5% more than in 1,870 restaurant staff, 807 in
Community education plans 230,381 users of Parla.cat since
the previous year. economic development centres
have reached 341,858 students 2009: 40,448 new enrolments in
and 107 doing occupational
at 1,005 schools. More than half of the CPNL’s 2016.
training.
courses play a key role in
3,762 people from other parts
152,708 users of INTERCAT,
helping immigrants to settle in. 14,247 people have earned
of Spain are learning Catalan
an online resource platform
Catalan certificates. Since 2002
with Parla.cat.
for university students from 66.3% of CPNL students were
276,073 certificates have been
outside Catalonia. born abroad. 277,206 visits from 97 countries issued.
to Aula mestra.
5,921 students doing Catalan 242 courses addressed to 80.7% of the people of Aran
courses at Catalan universities. immigrants’ associations with Over 5,300 people enrolled understand Aranese Occitan
73.1% are from outside 5,291 students and 30 adult on CNPL Catalan courses for and 60% of young people under
Catalonia. literacy courses for Catalan. occupational training: 1,875 the age of 30 can write it.
{
Supporting use
13,772,154 queries handled by 10,018 language pairs in 210 1,490 professionals from the 142 universities run Catalan
Optimot, the online language towns in 2016. 112,000 language legal and justice sector signed studies around the world.
queries service. pairs since 2003. up for Catalan and legal
Resumption of regional
language courses.
41,896,341 words translated 117 feature films dubbed in cooperation relations in
using the Generalitat’s machine Catalan. 579 feature films, 379 New agreement with legal aid language policy.
translator. episodes in series and 400 shorts lawyers whereby they file their
675 students learning Catalan
have been subtitled in Catalan. briefs in Catalan.
Online dictations in Catalan: 106 in the Madrid Office’s Aules.
new interactive dictations. 1,061 hours of TV programmes Support for 74 projects by
New collection of posters to
dubbed into Catalan by TVC. organisations to promote
More than 10,856 new publicise vocabulary in LSC.
Catalan.
terminology articles in the Open Support for 40 projects in
TVC has broadcast over
Terminology service and 80,000 Catalan for business and 25 189 organisations, a 14% increase, 478 hours of news in LSC.
new files in Cercaterm. non-fiction books translated are in the Census of organisations
into Catalan. that promote Catalan. 9th Occitan Film Festival in 31
2,374 members of the Registry towns.
9,000 magazines in Catalan in
of Sworn Translators and 1,033 CPNL agreements in the
waiting rooms in 48 towns. Almost 1,000 hours of
Interpreters in nine languages. socioeconomic field, 7,564 since
broadcasting in Aranese
2011. Ramon Amigó, new prize for
4,857 activities and 181,707 Occitan in Catalan Broadcasting
research in toponymics.
attendees for the CPNL’s 426 establishments signed Corporation media.
Language, Culture and Cohesion up to the playing in Catalan Over 7 million visits to language
Nearly 12 million words
programme. campaign. policy websites.
translated into Occitan using
Support for projects by 11 youth 549 requests to the Language the Generalitat’s machine
and recreational associations. Guarantees Office. translator.
{
Legal framework
Several Spanish Government surveillance and the penalty reporting to the Ministry of a series of recommendations
provisions continue to impose system for telecommunications Education, Culture and Sports, addressed to the Spanish
the use of Spanish: equipment. under which it is agreed Government and urges Spain to
• R oyal Decree 188/2016, • R oyal Decree 98/2016, of 11 to publish the bylaws or reform its internal regulatory
of 6 May, which enacts the March, which regulates the amendments of the bylaws framework and take a number
Regulation that establishes safety, technical and marketing of various Spanish federations of legal and practical measures
the requirements for marketing, requirements of personal water such as canoeing, volleyball, to ensure compliance with
putting into service and craft, sports vessels and their badminton, boxing, golf and particular commitments provided
using radio equipment, and components. tennis. for in the European Charter for
regulates the procedure for • Decisions by the President of The Committee of Ministers of the Regional or Minority Languages,
assessing conformity, market the National Sports Council, Council of Europe has approved especially in the field of justice.
The current language situation
The Language Policy Report presents the current language situation in Catalan society, this infor-
mation being essential for designing and monitoring the language policies implemented by the
Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia).
Firstly, the Report provides general data on the population of Catalonia, knowledge and use
of Catalan and other languages in Catalonia, and the indicators available on the language situation
in various social and business sectors.
The main sources of general data are the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large, the
most recent of which is from 2013, and the Population Census, which was taken in 2011. The Language
Policy Reports of the last two years have presented the main data from these two sources. This year’s
Report also includes data that provides a vision of the current situation of the language based on the
regions. In addition, the Report also sets out the sectoral data from studies prepared by the Directo-
rate-General for Language Policy in the field of retail and major brands, the language data in the 2016
survey by the Opinion Studies Centre at Barcelona City Council for the retail and restaurant sector,
the data from the 2016 Cultural Participation in Catalonia Survey by the Ministry of Culture of the
Generalitat and the data from the System of Education Indicators of Catalonia. Furthermore, language
use indicators for information and communication technology are updated.
5 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2016
Language The population of Catalonia Foreign population* by country. 2016
knowledge The total population of Catalonia in 2016 was 7,522,596 people. Of these, more than half (64.9%,
country % of total
among the 4,880,987) were born in Catalonia; 1,348,713 (17.9%) were born elsewhere in Spain, and population foreign
population 1,292,896 were born abroad (17.2%). These percentages have remained stable since 2008. population
Morocco 211,384 20.7 %
Romania 90,874 8.9 %
Population
1986 1991 1996 2003 2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 China 54,545 5.3 %
place of birth.
Italy 49,421 4.8 %
1986-2016 1.7 % 1.7 % 2.8 % 9.3 % 16.4 % 17.5 % 17.2 % 17.0 % 17.2 %
100 % Pakistan 43,093 4.2 %
32.3 % 30.8 % 28.8 %
90 % 24.7 % Bolivia 32,734 3.2 %
80 % 20.9 % 18.8 % 18.5 % 18.3 % 17.9 % France 31,716 3.1 %
70 % 67.5 % 68.4 % Ecuador 28,667 2.8 %
65.9 % 66.0 % 63.7 % 64.3 % 64.7 % 64.9 %
60 % 62.8 %
Born in Catalonia Colombia 24,373 2.4 %
50 %
Honduras 23,874 2.3 %
40 %
Russia 22,443 2.2 %
30 %
Born in the rest of Spain
India 20,204 2.0 %
20 %
Ukraine 20,178 2.0 %
10 % —
Born abroad 0 % Senegal 20,160 2.0 % ure
— Language Policy Report 2016. DGPL. Ministry of Culture — Source: Idescat. Municipal population register. United Kingdom 18,677 1.8 % of Cult
Germany 18,264 1.8 % stry
ni
Dominican Mi
Republic 18,153 1.8 % PL.
The foreign Spanish-speaking population of Catalonia is 223,309 people and accounts for 21.8% of G
D
the total population of foreign nationals, half a point less than in 2015. Peru 17,846 1.7 % 6.
1
0
Argentina 17,766 1.7 % 2
ort
Brazil 16,435 1.6 % ep
R
y
{ Other countries 242,591 23.7 % olic
P
TOTAL 1,023,398 100 % ge
{ ua
g
People born outside *Population with foreign nationality. Lan
—
35.1% Source: Idescat. Municipal population register.
Catalonia account for
of the Catalan population
6 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2016
Population by region
The population of Catalonia is unequally distributed across the country. Thus 4,793,592 people live
in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, accounting for nearly two thirds of the population of Catalonia
(63.7%). None of the other regional areas represents more than 10% of the total population of Cata-
lonia. The most populated areas are Girona province, which accounts for 9.8% of the total population,
followed by Camp de Tarragona (6.8%) and the Penedès region (6.2%). The central counties (5.3%),
the Ponent region (4.8%), Terres de l’Ebre (2.4%) and the High Pyrenees and Aran (1%) are the areas
with the smallest populations.
Population by region.
2016
Metropolitan Area 4,793,592
Girona province 739,249
Camp de Tarragona 511,631
Penedès
465,253
Central counties
397,144
Ponent region
362,384
Terres de l'Ebre
180,855
High Pyrenees
72,488
and Aran
0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000
— Language Policy Report 2016. DGPL. Ministry of Culture — Source: Idescat. Municipal population register.
7 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2016
{
Origin of population by region
One of the most significant aspects in language use is place of birth. The central counties at 299,312 21%
of people
people born in Catalonia (75.4%) and Terres de l’Ebre at 133,802 people born in Catalonia (74%) have {
in Girona province are
the highest proportion of people born in Catalonia, around 10 percentage points above the average
foreign-born
for the country as a whole (64.7%). By contrast, 21% of the population of Girona province were born ,
abroad (155,287 inhabitants), a percentage almost 5 points above the national average where the the highest proportion
foreign-born population accounts for 17.2%. The Barcelona Metropolitan Area (19.9%, 953,067) and in the entire country
Camp de Tarragona (19.3%, 98,996) are the areas with the highest number of people born in the rest
of Spain, though this proportion is not much higher than that of the country as a whole (17.9%).
Population by place
of birth and region.
Catalonia
2016 64.9 % 17.9 % 17.2 %
Central counties
75.4 % 11.9 % 12.7 %
Terres de l'Ebre
74.0 % 9.2 % 16.8 %
Ponent region
70.2 % 11.3 % 18.5 %
High Pyrenees
and Aran
69.1 % 13.7 % 17.2 %
Penedès
68.3 % 17.8 % 13.9 %
Girona province
Catalonia
65.7 % 13.3 % 21.0 %
Camp de Tarragona
63.6 % 19.3 % 17.0 %
Rest of Spain Metropolitan area
62.9 % 19.9 % 17.2 %
0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %
Abroad
— Language Policy Report 2016. DGPL. Ministry of Culture — Source: Idescat. Municipal population register.
8 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2016
Knowledge of Catalan: evolution across the country as a whole {
The most recent data on knowledge of Catalan come from the Survey of Language Use Among the
The spread of Catalan
Public at Large (2013) and the Population Census (2011) which include people aged 15 and over and
in schools, public
people aged 2 and over respectively. These data, which have already been presented in previous Lan-
administration and
guage Policy Reports, show strong growth in terms of both percentages and absolute numbers of Cata-
the media and the
lan speakers between 1981 and 2013. This growth is the result of various factors, most notably the wide-
promotion of adult
spread use of Catalan in the educational system and public administration, adult education classes in
education have led {
Catalan, the promotional efforts of various sectors and the consolidation of Catalan-language media.
increase
The language data from the Population Census and the 2013 Survey are not strictly comparable to the
in knowledge
because they have different methodologies and recipients. Even so, given that the knowledge of people
under the age of 15 is the highest among all age groups, there is an upward trend in the evolution of of Catalan

knowledge of Catalan.
over recent decades
Knowledge —
e
of Catalan. 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2007 2011 2013 ur
ult
1981-2011. C
People aged 2 100 % stry of
a1n5 da nodve orv. e2r013. 90 % 93.8 % 95,0 % 94.5 % 93.8 % 95.2 % 9842..34 %% L. Mini
90.3 % 79.1 % GP
75.3 % 74.5 % 75.6 % 6. D
80 % 01
79.8 % 68.3 % 80.4 % ort 2
p
70 % 64.0 % 72.4 % 74.3 % 73.0 % 73.2 % cy Re
oli
67.6 % P
e
g
60 % a
Understands it 60.5 % 60.4 % gu
n
56.3 % La
55.8 % —
50 %
Can speak it 49.8 %
45.8 %
40 %
Can read it
39.9 %
Can write it 30 % 31.5 %
Source: drawn up by the DGPL based on data from Idescat (1986 to 2011).
Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large 2013 (people aged 15 and over).
9 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2016
{
Knowledge of Catalan in the main CPNL towns
Vic, Lleida
In
In most cases in towns where the percentage of people born outside Catalonia is higher than the
and Reus {
Catalan average (35%), the percentage of Catalan speakers is lower than the Catalan average (73.2%), there is a
and vice versa. high percentage

The town or the two towns with the most inhabitants for each of the Consortium for Language
of people born outside
Normalisation (CPNL) centres have been selected and the relationship between the origin of the pop-
Catalonia and also of
ulation and knowledge of Catalan according to the data in the Population Census for 2011 (can speak
knowledge of Catalan
it) have been examined. In general, towns with a lower percentage of people who can speak Catalan
are in the metropolitan area.
Relationship —
municipality population born outside catalonia can speak catalan groups e
between population, ur
ult
oorf iCgainta alannd knowledge VLlieci da 14338,,218474 3355..3800%% 7775..8200%% PPeerrcceennttaaggee bofo Crna toaulatsni dspe eCaaktearlso nhiiag hheigr hthear nth tahne tahvee raavgeer age nistry of C
Reus 103,615 35.70% 74.70% Mi
L.
Sant Cugat del Vallès 88,921 28.90% 82.20% GP
D
Molins de Rei 25,359 24.60% 82.10% 6.
1
Igualada 38,987 28.40% 81.60% 20
Tortosa 33,743 29.60% 80.30% Percentage born outside Catalonia lower than the average port
e
Girona 98,255 34.80% 80.30% Percentage of Catalan speakers higher than the average y R
c
Manresa 74,752 31.70% 79.00% Poli
e
Vilafranca del Penedès 39,365 32.60% 78.80% ag
u
g
Vilanova i la Geltrú 65,972 33.80% 75.30% an
L
Granollers 60,174 39.70% 72.60% —
Barcelona 1,608,746 40.50% 72.30%
Cerdanyola 57,543 36.10% 72.20%
Sant Feliu de Llobregat 44,086 35.30% 71.10%
Tarragona 131,094 40.30% 70.50%
Mataró 125,517 37.30% 69.80%
Percentage born outside Catalonia higher than the average
Rubí 75,167 37.20% 69.20%
Percentage of Catalan speakers lower than the average
Mollet del Vallès 51,491 38.30% 67.60%
Sant Boi de Llobregat 82,402 37.10% 64.90%
6
El Prat de Llobregat 63,457 37.30% 62.50% 01
2
BCaodrnaelollnàa d e Llobregat 21856,,603742 3476..0100%% 6517..9200%% egistre
n r
LSTSSeaaa'Hrnbnroattaa dVss pCseicailotle alnoleçmt d ae dlse H Gorratms enet 21225110247587,,,,,811290524643161 5533310331.....6112900000%%%%% 5577640216.....7738000000%%%%% PPeerrcceennttaaggee bofo Crna toaulatsni dspe eCaaktearlso nloiwa leorw thear nth tahne tahvee raavgeerage Municipal populatioulation Census 2011.
Viladecans 65,779 Font: 3El5a.b1o0ra%ci ó pròpia a partir de les d6ad5e.5s 0de%l P adró 2016 i el Cens 2011. e: op
cP
urd
on
Sa