Language Contact in the Early Colonial Pacific: Maritime Polynesian Pidgin before Pidgin English

354 Pages·2014·1.772 MB·

by  Emanuel J. Drechsel

LanguageContactintheEarlyColonialPacific
Thisvolumepresentsahistorical-sociolinguisticdescriptionandanalysisof
MaritimePolynesianPidgin.Itofferslinguisticandsociohistoricalsubstan-
tiationforaregionalEasternPolynesian-basedpidgin,andchallenges con-
ventionalEurocentricassumptionsaboutearlycolonialcontactintheeastern
PacificbyarguingthatMaritimePolynesianPidginprecededtheintroduction
of Pidgin English by as much as a century. Emanuel J. Drechsel not only
opensupnewmethodologicalavenuesforhistorical-sociolinguisticresearch
in Oceania by a combination of philology and ethnohistory, but also gives
greater recognition to Pacific Islanders in early contact between cultures.
Students and researchers working on language contact, language typology,
historicallinguistics,andsociolinguisticswillwanttoreadthisbook.Itrede-
fines our understanding of how Europeans and Americans interacted with
PacificIslandersineasternPolynesiaduringearlyencountersandoffersan
alternativemodeloflanguagecontact.
Long interested in non-European pidgins, emanuel j. drechsel is the
authorofawell-receivedcasestudyentitledMobilianJargon(1997)ofgreater
Louisiana;hisrecentresearchhasfocusedontheeasternPacific.Heisasenior
faculty member of Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of Hawai‘i at
Ma¯noa,andhasregularlytaughtcoursesinlinguisticanthropology,ethnohis-
tory,andrelatedtopics.
CambridgeApproachestoLanguageContact
Generaleditor
SalikokoS.Mufwene,UniversityofChicago
Editorialboard
RobertChaudenson,Universite´d’Aix-en-Provence
BrajKachru,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana
RajMesthrie,UniversityofCapeTown
LesleyMilroy,UniversityofMichigan
ShanaPoplack,UniversityofOttawa
MichaelSilverstein,UniversityofChicago
Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact is an interdisciplinary series bringing
togetherworkonlanguagecontactfromadiverserangeofresearchareas.Theseries
focusesonkeytopicsinthestudyofcontactbetweenlanguagesordialects,includingthe
developmentofpidginsandcreoles,languageevolutionandchange,worldEnglishes,
code-switching and code-mixing, bilingualism and second language acquisition, bor-
rowing,interference,andconvergencephenomena.
Publishedtitles
SalikokoS.Mufwene,TheEcologyofLanguageEvolution
MichaelClyne,DynamicsofLanguageContact
BerndHeineandTaniaKuteva,LanguageContactandGrammaticalChange
EdgarW.Schneider,PostcolonialEnglish
VirginiaYipandStephenMatthews,TheBilingualChild
BerndHeineandDerekNurse(eds),ALinguisticGeographyofAfrica
J.ClancyClements,TheLinguisticLegacyofSpanishandPortuguese
UmbertoAnsaldo,ContactLanguages
JanBlommaert,TheSociolinguisticsofGlobalization
CarmenSilva-Corvala´n,BilingualLanguageAcquisition
EmanuelJ.Drechsel,LanguageContactintheEarlyColonialPacific
Furthertitlesplannedfortheseries
LotfiSayahi,DiglossiaandLanguageContact
RakeshBhatt,LanguageContactandDiaspora
EnochAboh,HybridGrammars
GregoryD.S.Anderson,LanguageExtinction
BridgetDrinka,LanguageContactinEurope
FredricField,SpanishandEnglishintheUnitedStates
BaoZhiming,TheMakingofSingaporeEnglish
RalphLudwig,StevePagel,andPeterMu¨hlha¨usler,LinguisticEcologyandLanguage
Contact
KingsleyBolton,SamuliKaislaniemi,andAnnaWinterbottom,LanguageContactand
theEastIndiaCompany
Language Contact in the Early
Colonial Pacific
Maritime Polynesian Pidgin before
Pidgin English
EmanuelJ.Drechsel
UniversityofHawai‘iatMa¯noa
UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork
CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107015104
(cid:2)C EmanuelJ.Drechsel2014
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2014
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN978-1-107-01510-4Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof
URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
accurateorappropriate.
Inmemoryofmybelovedmother, RitaHubbard-
Ba¨nziger(1913–2002), andingratitudetomydear
stepfatherDr.StanleyL.Hubbard,bothofwhomhave
alwaysinspired metopursuevoyaginginbothbodyand
spirit

Contents
Listoftables pagex
Listofmaps xi
Serieseditor’sforeword xiii
Prefaceandacknowledgments xv
PartI Questions,theories,andmethodsofhistorical
sociolinguistics
1 Introduction 7
1.1 MaritimePolynesianPidgin 7
1.2 Threeenduringparadoxesofpidginandcreolelinguistics 12
1.3 Scopeandobjectivesofthecurrentstudy 17
2 MaritimePolynesianPidginandpidginandcreolelinguistics 22
2.1 Pidginandcreolelinguisticsasconceptual-theoreticalframework 22
2.2 Jargonformationandpidginization 24
2.3 Expansionandcreolization 36
2.4 Depidginizationordecreolization 42
2.5 Sociohistoricalcontexts,uses,andfunctions 44
2.6 Structuralparallelsamongpidginsandcreoles 52
2.7 ChinookJargonasparadigmforMaritimePolynesianPidgin? 57
3 Ethnohistoryofspeakingasahistorical-sociolinguistic
methodology 63
3.1 Analternativetopostmodernism 63
3.2 Callforanethnohistoryofspeaking 65
3.3 Philologyofpidginsandcreoles:linguisticreconstitutions 69
3.4 Ethnohistoryofpidginsandcreoles:sociohistoricalreinterpretations 78
3.5 Identificationandinterpretationofhistorical-sociolinguisticdata 80
3.6 Sociolinguisticanalysisofearlyattestations 86
3.7 Natureandrangeofhistorical-sociolinguisticdata 92
vii
viii Contents
PartII HistoricalattestationsofMaritimePolynesian
Pidgin(MPP)
4 Emergence,stabilization,andexpansion 97
4.1 EarlyexchangesbetweenEuropeansandPacificIslanders,including
Louis-AntoinedeBougainvilleandAhutoru 97
4.2 JamesCook,JosephBanks,andTupai‘a 100
4.3 Marc-JosephMarionduFresneandAhutoruagain 104
4.4 CookonhissecondvoyagetothePacific,theForsters,Ma‘i,and
Mahine 107
4.5 CookonhisthirdvoyagetothePacific,WilliamAnderson,and
JamesBurney 118
4.6 EstebanJose´Mart´ınez,JamesColnett,andMatatore 123
4.7 JosephIngraham 131
4.8 Tama,EdwardRobarts,JeanCabri,AdamJohannvonKrusenstern,
andUreyLisiansky 133
4.9 JohnSavageandMoehanga 138
5 Resilienceagainstdepidginizationandrelexification 145
5.1 ArchibaldCampbell 145
5.2 DavidPorter 148
5.3 JohnLiddiardNicholasandRichardA.Cruise 150
5.4 AdelbertvonChamisso,Kadu,andLouisChoris 156
5.5 LuciaRugglesHolman 162
5.6 DanielTyermanandGeorgeBennet 163
5.7 JulesS.C.Dumontd’Urville 167
5.8 Dumontd’Urvilleagain 173
5.9 JacobusBoelen 176
5.10 Paul-E´mileBotta 178
5.11 JohnSlade 181
5.12 RobertJarman 187
6 Survivalinniches 189
6.1 EdwardMarkham 189
6.2 RichardHenryDana 190
6.3 Dumontd’UrvilleonhisthirdvoyagetothePacific 193
6.4 EdwardLucett 196
6.5 HermanMelville 199
6.6 MaxRadiguet 216
6.7 Louis-The´odoreBe´rard 220
6.8 JamesF.Munger 225
6.9 BenjaminBoyd 226
6.10 ArtemasBishop 227
6.11 JulienViaudaliasPierreLoti 228
6.12 HerbertH.Gowen 229