Language and Ethnicity (Key Topics in Sociolinguistics) PDF
Preview Language and Ethnicity (Key Topics in Sociolinguistics)
This page intentionally left blank LanguageandEthnicity Whatisethnicity?Istherea“white”wayofspeaking?Whydo people sometimes borrow features of another ethnic group’s language? Why do we sometimes hear an accent that isn’t there?Thislivelyoverviewrevealsthefascinatingrelationship between language and ethnic identity, exploring the crucial role it plays in both revealing a speaker’s ethnicity and help- ingtoconstructit.Drawingonresearchfromarangeofethnic groups around the world, it shows how language contributes tothesocialandpsychologicalprocessesinvolvedintheforma- tionofethnicidentity,exploringboththelinguisticfeaturesof ethniclanguagevarietiesandalsothewaysinwhichlanguage is used by different ethnic groups. The first overview of this importanttopic,LanguageandEthnicitywillbewelcomedbystu- dents and researchers in sociolinguistics, as well as anybody interested in ethnic issues, language and education, intereth- nic communication, and the relationship between language andidentity. carmen fought is Associate Professor of Linguistics at PitzerCollege,Claremont,California.Herresearchfocuseson issues of language and ethnicity, including the dialects asso- ciated with Latinos and Latinas in California, bilingual acqui- sition,andlanguageattitudes.SheisauthorofChicanoEnglish inContext (2003) and SociolinguisticVariation:CriticalReflections (2004). KEY TOPICS IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS Series editor: Rajend Mesthrie Thisnewseriesfocusesonthemaintopicsofstudyinsociolinguistics today.Itconsistsofaccessibleyetchallengingaccountsofthemost importantissuestoconsiderwhenexaminingtherelationshipbetween languageandsociety.Sometopicshavebeenthesubjectof sociolinguisticstudyformanyyears,andareherere-examinedinthe lightofnewdevelopmentsinthefield;othersareissuesofgrowing importancethathavenotsofarbeengivenasustainedtreatment. Writtenbyleadingexperts,thebooksintheseriesaredesignedtobe usedoncoursesandinseminars,andincludeusefulsuggestionsfor furtherreadingandahelpfulglossary. Alreadypublishedintheseries: Politeness,byRichardJ.Watts LanguagePolicy,byBernardSpolsky Discourse,byJanBlommaert AnalyzingSociolinguisticVariation,bySaliA.Tagliamonte Forthcomingtitles: WorldEnglishes,byRakeshBhattandRajendMesthrie BilingualTalk,byPeterAuer Language and Ethnicity CARMEN FOUGHT cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb22ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridg e.org /9780521848435 ©CarmenFought2006 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof relevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplace withoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublishedinprintformat 2006 isbn-13 978-0-511-24524-4eBook(EBL) isbn-10 0-511-24524-6 eBook(EBL) isbn-13 978-0-521-84843-5hardback isbn-10 0-521-84843-1 hardback isbn-13 978-0-521-61291-3paperback isbn-10 0-521-61291-8 paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurls forexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnot guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. To John R. Rickford and Walt Wolfram charismatic colleagues, pioneering contributors to the study of language and ethnicity, and outstanding mentors to generations of other scholars Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xiv Part I General issues in ethnicity and language 1 What is ethnicity? 3 1.1 Areasofagreementaboutethnicity 4 1.2 Possibledefinitionsofethnicity 8 1.3 Possibledefinitionsofrace 9 Discussionquestions 17 Suggestionsforfurtherreading 18 2 Language and the construction of ethnic identity 19 2.1 Whatlinguisticresourcesdoindividualshaveinconstructing identity? 21 2.2 Indexingmultipleidentities 23 2.3 Ethnicprideorassimilation? 27 2.4 Howisanindividual’sethnicityco-constructedbythe community? 30 2.5 Languageandtheconstructionofethnicidentity:three individualcases 33 Discussionquestions 40 Suggestionsforfurtherreading 41 Part II Linguistic features and ethnicity in specific groups 3 African-American groups 45 3.1 WhatisAAVE? 46 3.2 AAVEgrammar 47 3.3 AAVEphonology 49 3.4 Variationintheuseofnon-standardfeaturesinAAVE 51 3.5 AttitudestowardsAAVE 53 3.6 RegionalvariationinAAVE:isAAVEconvergingtowarda supraregionalnorm? 56 vii viii Contents 3.7 Anotherpossibility:ablendofsupraregionalandregional norms 60 3.8 StandardAAEandthelanguageofmiddle-class African-Americans 62 3.9 AAVEinthemedia 66 Discussionquestions 68 Suggestionsforfurtherreading 68 4 Latino groups 70 4.1 ThecomplexitiesofidentityinLatinocommunities 71 4.2 Repertoires:multiplecodesformultipleidentities 73 4.3 Attitudes,choices,andtheconstructionofidentity 75 4.4 Thestructureofdialectsinlatinocommunities 79 4.5 ChicanoEnglishphonology 80 4.6 ChicanoEnglishgrammar 82 4.7 ThestructureofotherLatinoEnglishdialects 84 4.8 LatinodialectsofSpanish 86 4.9 Thelanguagegap:differencesamonggenerations 87 Discussionquestions 87 Suggestionsforfurtherreading 88 5 Linguistic variation in other multiethnic settings 89 5.1 CajunsandcreolesinLouisiana 90 5.2 SouthAfricanethnicgroups 96 5.3 MaorisinNewZealand 105 Discussionquestions 109 Suggestionsforfurtherreading 110 6 Are white people ethnic? Whiteness, dominance, and ethnicity 112 6.1 Thesocialcorrelatesofbeingwhite 115 6.2 Thelinguisticcorrelatesofbeingwhite 117 6.3 Theconsequencesof“soundingwhite” 119 6.4 Humorandtheportrayalof“whiteness” 121 Discussionquestions 131 Suggestionsforfurtherreading 131 7 Dialect contact, ethnicity, and language change 133 7.1 Dialectcontactandethnicboundaries 133 7.2 Influencesofminorityethnicdialectsonthedominant dialect 139 7.3 Contactamongethnicminoritydialects 141 7.4 Ethnicminoritygroupspeakersandsoundchange 143 Discussionquestions 150 Suggestionsforfurtherreading 150
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