Table Of ContentLecond Edition f\
angerrsc ne idt ’ s
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Now with more than 45,000 entries
Langenscheidt’s
Russian-English
English-Russian
Dictionary
Second Edition
Edited by the
Langenscheidt editorial staff
POCKET BOOKS
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ISBN: 978-1-4391-4237-0
Contents
Preface 4
How to Use the Dictionary 5
Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary 8
Russian Pronunciation 13
English Pronunciation 20
The Russian Alphabet 21
Important English Irregular Verbs 22
Russian - English • • 27
English - Russian 309
Important Russian Abbreviations 596
Important American and British Abbreviations 599
Russian Geographical Names 604
English Geographical Names 606
Numerals 609
American and British Weights and Measures 611
Some Russian First Names 613
Grammatical Tables 615
Preface
This Russian/English Dictionary with its 45,000 references is an
ideal tool for all those who work with the Russian and English
languages at beginners or intermediate level. The dictionary of-
fers coverage of everyday language and also details the latest de-
velopments in Russian and English. Hundreds of up-to-date
Russian and English words have been incorporated into the
present edition of this dictionary, making it ideal for everyday
use in the modern world - in all walks of life and also at school.
The dictionary contains the most important terminology from
such specialist areas as trade and commerce, technology, and
medicine.
Isolated words are often only clearly understood in context. So
a large number of multi-word lexical units, loose combinations
such as collocations as well as set phrases such as idiomatic ex-
pressions, are given to show the full spectrum of a word’s mean-
ing and to illustrate how the two languages Russian and English
correspond in context.
Translations referring to different word classes of the same
headword are indicated by arabic numbers. Synonymous transla-
tion variants are seperated by commas, and semantically distinct
alternatives by semicolons.
In addition to the main vocabulary, this dictionary contains spe-
cial quick-reference sections for geographical names and current
abbreviations in both Russian and English.
Words need grammar to back them up. This dictionary gives de-
tailed information on the conjugation and declension of Russian
verbs, nouns and adjectives. Each Russian verb, noun or adjec-
tive in the dictionary includes a reference to a corresponding
standard verb, noun or adjective in the grammar appendix,
which is then fully conjugated or inflected.
English pronunciation in this dictionary follows the principles
laid down by Jones / Gimson and is based on the alphabet of
the International Phonetic Association IPA.
Russian words can be pronounced properly if the stress is
known. Therefore every Russian word has an appropriate stress
mark. Shift of stress, as far as it takes place within the in-
flection, is also indicated. A detailed account of Russian pro-
nunciation with the help of the Symbols of the IPAs phonetic
transcription can be found on pages 13-19.
It is hoped that this dictionary will be a rich source of informa-
tion for you as well as an indispensable part of the materials
you use to learn Russian or English.
How to Use the Dictionary
Arrangement. Strict alphabetical order has been maintained throughout
the dictionary.
A number of prefixed words, especially verbs, are not explicitly listed be-
cause of the limited size of the dictionary, and in such cases it may prove
useful to drop the prefix and look up the primary form, e. g.:
noOnaroAapMTb bnaroAap^Tb
^ Compounds not found at their alphabetical place should be reduced to their
i second component in order to find out their main meaning, e. g.:
^ 'repMonAepHbifi nAepHbin = nuclear
The tilde («%-) serves as a mark of repetition. The tilde in bold type replaces
» either the headword or the part of the headword preceding the vertical bar;
i
e.g.;
MAM/in|MH ...; .s,MHeCKMM = MAMn/lMSeCKMM
X
» In the English-Russian part the tilde in multi-word lexical units is used to
; replace the whole headword, e.g.:
^ mobil|e ...; ~ phone = mobile phone
, In the Russian-English part the tilde in idioms is used to relace the part pre-
’ ceding the vertical bar, e. g.:
KOJiblueBOM ...; ~u6 ...; odpynanbHoe ~p6 = odpynanbHoe Konbuo
The tilde with a circle (2): when the first letter changes from a capital to a
■ small letter or vice-versa, the usual tilde is replaced by the tilde with a circle.
r In brackets a hyphen (-) has been used instead of the tilde, e. g.:
6paTb [6epy, -peujb; Span, -a ...] = [6epy, Sepemu; Span, Spana ...]
Of the two main aspects of a Russian verb the imperfective form appears
first, in boldface type, followed, in acute-angled brackets < >, by its perfec-
tive counterpart.
2. Pronunciation. As a rule the pronunciation of individual Russian head-
words has been given only in cases and places that differ from the standard
pronunciation of Russian vowel and consonant letters, e. g.:
/lerKMM (-xk-) - «rK» is pronounced «XK».
3. Stress. The accent mark (') is placed above the stressed vowel of a Russian
entry (or any other) word with more than one syllable and printed in full, as
well as of run-on words, provided their accentuated vowel is not covered by
the tilde or hyphen (= marks of repetition), e. g.:
AOKasIbieaTb .... <~aTb> = <AOKa3aTb>
Since e is always stressed the two dots over it represent implicitly the accent
mark.
Wherever the accent mark precedes the tilde (~) the second-last syllable of
the part for which the tilde stands is stressed, e. g.:
yBeAOMl/tflTb ..., <'~MTb> = <yBeAOMMTb>
6
An accent mark over the tilde (*) implies that the last (or sole) syllable of
the part replaced by the tilde is to be stressed.
Example:
HaxoAlMTb ^Ka = HaxoAKa
npoAa|BaTb <*Tb> = <npoAaTb>
In special cases of phonetic transcription, however, the accent mark pre-
cedes the stressed syllable, cf. aHTeHHa (-'ten-). This usage is in accordance
with IPA rules.
Two accents in a word denote two equally possible modes of stressing it,
thus:
MHase = MHase or MHase
Quite a number of predicative (or short) adjectives show a shift, or shifts, of
stress as compared with their attributive forms. Such divergences are re-
corded as follows:
xopoujHM [17; xopom, -a] = [17; xopotu, xopoma, xopomo {pi. xopoujM)]
The same system of stress designation applies, to accent shifts in the preter-
ite forms of a number of verbs, e. g.:
AalsaTb .... <^Tb> [... flan, -a, -o; ... (flan, -a)] = [... flan, flana, A^O {pi
fl^M):... (flaH, flaHa, flano, flaHbi)]
Insertion of the “epenthetic” o, e, between the two last stem consonants in
masculine short forms has been noted in all adjectives where this applies
e. g.:
rierKMM ... [16; neroK, nerKa; a. nerKM] = [16; neroK, nerKa, nerKd {pi
nerKM or nerKM)]
If the stress in all short forms conforms to that of the attributive adjective the
latter is merely provided with the abbreviation sh. (for short form) which
indicates at the same time the possibility of forming such predicative forms
e. g.:
6oraTbiM [14 5/z.] = [14; Sorar, bor^ra, boraro, boraibi]
4. Inflected forms. All Russian inflected parts of speech appearing in the dic-
tionary are listed in their appropriate basic forms, i. e. nominative singular
(nouns, adjectives, numerals, certain pronouns) or infinitive (verbs). The
gender of Russian nouns is indicated by means of one of three abbreviations
in italics (m,/, n) after the headword.* Each inflected entry is followed, in
square brackets [ ], by a figure which serves as reference to a definite para-
digm within the system of conjugation and declension listed at the end of this
book. Any variants of these paradigms are stated after the reference figure
of each headword in question.
* For users of part II: Any Russian noun ending in a consonant or -M is of mas-
culine gender;
those ending in -a or -R are of feminine gender;
those ending in -o or -e are of neuter gender.
In cases where this rule does not apply, as well as in nouns ending in -b, the
gender is indicated.
7
Example;
ji6>KKa f[5-, g/pl.: -xeK], like noxa /[5], is declined according to paradigm
5, except that in the genitive plural the former example inserts the “epenthe-
tic” e between the two last stem consonants: .n6>KeK: cf. jiOAKa /[5; g/pL:
-AOK] = [g/pL: JIOAOK].
KycOK m [1; -CKa] = the “epenthetic” o is omitted in the oblique cases of the
singular and in all cases of the plural; cf. KOHeu m [1; -Hua] = [KOHua, KOHuy,
etc.].
** ^
As the prefixed forms of a verb follow the same inflection model and (with
the exception of perfective aspects having the stressed prefix Bbi-) mode of
accentuation as the corresponding unprefixed verb, differences in stress, etc.
have in cases of such aspect pairs been marked but once, viz. with the imper-
fective form.
5. Government. Case government, except for the accusative, is indicated with
the help of Latin and Russian abbreviations. Emphasis has been laid on
differences between the two languages, including the use of prepositions.
Whenever a special case of government applies only to one of several mean-
ings of a word, this has been duly recorded in connection with the meaning
concerned. To ensure a clear differentiation of person and thing in govern-
ment, the English and Russian notes to that effect show the necessary corre-
spondence in sequence.
6. Semantic distinction. If a word has different meanings and, at the same
time, different forms of inflection or aspect, this has been indicated by num-
bers (e. g. 6MTb, Koca, KOCMTb); otherwise a semicolon separates different
meanings, a comma mere synonyms. Sense indicators in italics serve to
specify individual shades of meanings, e. g. noflHMMaTb ... rpeBory, nnary
raise; opy)Kne take up; (pfiar hoist; PKopb weigh; napyca set; LuyM make;
npMCMHbiii... nacb! office; aKsaMen entrance; oreu, CbiH foster.
In a number of Russian verbs the perfective aspect indicated (particularly
with the prefixes <3a-> and <no->) has, strictly speaking, the connotations
“to begin to do s. th.” (the former) and “to do s. th. for a (little) while” (the
latter); but since these forms are very often rendered in English by means of
the equivalent verb without any such additions they have occasionally been
given as simple aspect counterparts without explicit indication as to their
aforesaid connotations.
7 Orthography. In both the Russian and English parts newest spelling stand-
ards have been applied, and in the latter differences between American and
British usage noted wherever possible and feasible.
Words at the end of a line which are always hyphenated are indicated by re-
petition of the hyphen (at the end of the first line and the beginning of the
next line).
In parts of words or additions given in brackets a hyphen is placed within the
bracket.
Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary
English Abbreviations
also a. TaioKe
abbreviation abbr. coKpauteHHe
accusative (case) ac. BHHHxejibHbiH nafle>K
adjective adj. HMH npHJiaraTejibHoe
adverb adv. HapeMHe
aeronautics ae. aBHauHB
agriculture agric. CeJlbCKOe X03HHCTB0
Americanism Am. aMepHKaHH3M
anatomy anat. aHaTOMHH
architecture arch. apXHTCKT^a
astronomy astr. aCTpOHOMHB
attributive usage attr. arpHbyxHBHoe ynoxpebjiCHHe
(x. e. B KauecxBe onpegejieHJw)
Biblical Bibl. bHbjiencKHH
biology biol. bHOJlOrHB
British (English) usage Brt. SpHxancKoe (anrjiHHCKoe)
cjioBoynoxpeSjieHHe
botany bot. boxaHHKa
bad sense b.s. B gypHOM CMbICJie
chemistry chem. XHMHB
cinema cine. KHHeMaxorpa4)HS[
conjunction cj. C0163
colloquial usage coll. pa3rOB6pHbIH H3bIK
collective (noun) collect. cobHpaxejibHoe (cymecx-
HMB
BHxejibHoe)
commonly com. ObblKHOBCHHO
commercial term comm.
XOprOBJlH
comparative (form) comp. cpaBHHxejibHafl cxeneub
compounds compds. cji6»:Hbie cjioBa
computer comput. KOMUbioxepHafl xexHHKa
contemptuously contp. npe He6pe*Hxeji bHO
culinary term cul. KyjIHHapHH
dative (case) dat. gaxejibHbiH nagejK
diminutive dim. yMeHbmHxejibHaa (|)6pMa
diplomacy dipl. AHnJlOMaXHB
endings stressed (throughout) e. ygapeHHe (cnjiomb) nao-
KOHUaHHHX
ecclesiastical term eccl. uepKOBHoe BbipajKCHHe
•
economy econ. SKOHOMHKa
education educ. uiKOJia, uiKOJibHoe gejio,
negaroFHKa
