Landslides in Sensitive Clays: From Research to Implementation PDF
Preview Landslides in Sensitive Clays: From Research to Implementation
Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research Vikas Thakur Jean-Sébastien L'Heureux Ariane Locat Editors Landslides in Sensitive Clays From Research to Implementation Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research Volume 46 The book series entitled Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards is ded- icated to serving the growing community of scholars, practitioners and policy makersconcernedwiththedifferentscientific,socio-economicandpoliticalaspects of natural and technological hazards. The series aims to provide rapid, refereed publications of topical contributions about recent advances in natural and techno- logicalhazardsresearch.Eachvolumeisathoroughtreatmentofaspecifictopicof importanceforpropermanagementandmitigationpracticesandwillshedlighton thefundamentalandappliedaspectsofnaturalandtechnologicalhazards. Commentsorsuggestionsforfuturevolumesarewelcomed. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/6362 Vikas Thakur • Jean-Sébastien L’Heureux Ariane Locat Editors Landslides in Sensitive Clays From Research to Implementation 123 Editors VikasThakur Jean-SébastienL’Heureux DepartmentofCivil TrondheimDivision andEnvironmentalEngineering NorwegianGeotechnicalInstitute(NGI) NorwegianUniversityofScience Trondheim,Norway andTechnology(NTNU) Trondheim,Norway ArianeLocat Départementdegénieciviletdegénie deseaux UniversitéLaval QuébecCity,QC,Canada ISSN1878-9897 ISSN2213-6959 (electronic) AdvancesinNaturalandTechnologicalHazardsResearch ISBN978-3-319-56486-9 ISBN978-3-319-56487-6 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-56487-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017941619 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Sensitive clays are known for their potential for large landslides, which poses a seriousrisktohumanlives,infrastructureandsurroundingecosystemswithintheir reach.Thishasbeenremindedbytherecentcatastrophiclandslidesat,e.g.,Sørum in2016,Skjeggestadin2015,Statlandin2014,Bynesetin2012,Saint-Judein2010, Lyngenin2010andKattmarkain2009.Alone,thecollapseofSkjeggestadBridge in Norway in 2015 due to a landslide in sensitive clay costs millions of dollars in repairs. Efforts are being made recently to increase society’s ability to cope with suchlandslidehazards.Geoscientistsarenowexpectedtoprovideinputtoagencies responsible for preparedness work for the landslide risk at an acceptable level. In otherwords,geoscientists’roleisnotonlytoactastechnologiststoestablishnew theoriesbutalsotogotheextramiletoimplementtheminthepracticeinorderto findsolutionstogeotechnicalproblems. Inrecentyears,therehavebeensignificantresearchactivitiesintheScandinavian countries and Canada with respect to the characterisation, identification, mapping and testing of sensitive clays. Closer collaborations between geophysicists and geoengineershaveenhancedtheuseofgeophysicalmethodsforsitecharacterisation andbridginggapsbetweengeophysicsandgeoengineering.Newtechniquesforthe identification and assessment of sensitive clays have been tested, while chemical stabilisationofsensitiveclaysisunderinvestigationinthefieldandinthelaboratory. Furthermore,somerelatedknowledgeonlandslidesinsensitivesediments,climate change,innovativestabilisationmethods,effectivepreparednessandearlywarning systemsisbeingdeveloped. This book gathers the most recent scientific research by international experts dealing with geological, geotechnical and geophysical aspects of slope failure in sensitive clays and focuses on understanding the complete and practical spectrum ofchallengespresentedbylandslidesinsuchcomplexmaterials.Recommendations fortheimplementationofresearchresultsinthepracticecovertopicsincludingthe characterisationandbehaviourofsensitiveclays;pre-failure,failureandpost-failure stages of sensitive clays; mapping and identification methods; climate change; hazardassessment;andriskmanagement. v vi Preface Keywords Sensitiveclay,Quickclay,Landslide,Siteinvestigation,Modelling,Hazardassess- ment,Hazardmitigation,Riskassessment,Climatechange Trondheim,Norway VikasThakur Trondheim,Norway Jean-SébastienL’Heureux QuébecCity,QC,Canada ArianeLocat Contents 1 LandslideinSensitiveClays–FromResearchtoImplementation ... 1 VikasThakur,Jean-SébastienL’Heureux,andArianeLocat PartI CharacterizationandBehaviorofSensitiveClays 2 SensitiveClaysofEasternCanada:FromGeologytoSlope Stability...................................................................... 15 GuyLefebvre 3 Chemistry: An Essential Key to Understanding High-Sensitivity and Quick Clays and to Addressing LandslideRisk .............................................................. 35 J.KennethTorrance 4 Improving the Post-failure Properties in Quick Clays byTreatmentwithPotassiumChloride.................................. 45 TonjeEideHelle,PerAagaard,andSteinarNordal 5 CPTUClassificationDiagramsforIdentificationofSensitiveClays.. 57 Anders Samstad Gylland, Rolf Sandven, Alberto Montafia, AndreasAspmoPfaffhuber,KristofferKåsin,andMikeLong 6 RelationshipsBetweenShearWaveVelocityandGeotechnical ParametersforNorwegianandSwedishSensitiveClays............... 67 MikeLong,TaraWood,andJean-SébastienL’Heureux 7 GeophysicalandGeotechnicalCharacterizationofaSensitive ClayDepositinBrownsburg,Quebec .................................... 77 KarineBélanger,ArianeLocat,RichardFortier,andDenisDemers 8 InvestigatingHowtheChangesinGeotechnicalProperties ofSensitiveClaysInfluenceTheirGeophysicalProperties ............ 87 Shane Gribben, Sara Bazin, Shane Donohue, V. Sivakumar, andJean-SébastienL’Heureux vii viii Contents 9 DeterminationofRemouldingEnergyofSensitiveClays.............. 97 Vikas Thakur, Samson Abate Degago, Juha Selänpää, andTimLänsivaara 10 Problems Related to Field Vane Testing in Soft Soil ConditionsandImprovedReliabilityofMeasurementsUsing anInnovativeFieldVaneDevice.......................................... 109 Juha Selänpää, Bruno Di Buò, Tim Länsivaara, andMarcoD’Ignazio 11 ANewLaboratoryProceduretoStudyStressReliefinSoil Samples...................................................................... 121 Helene Alexandra Amundsen, H. Dang, Matthew Adamson, ArnfinnEmdal,andVikasThakur 12 SampleDisturbanceinDeepClaySamples.............................. 133 AndersBeijerLundberg 13 Effects of Sample Disturbance in the Determination ofSoilParametersforAdvancedFiniteElementModelling ofSensitiveClays ........................................................... 145 Marco D’Ignazio, Hans Petter Jostad, Tim Länsivaara, VilleLehtonen,JuhoMansikkamäki,andChristopherMeehan 14 ViscometricTestsofSensitiveClayfromByneset,Norway,and FittotheHerschel–BulkleyModel ....................................... 155 RagnhildHåøyGrue,DieterIssler,Jean-SébastienL’Heureux,and VikasThakur 15 DynamicPropertiesofaSensitiveClayDeposit ........................ 167 Sarah Bouchard, H. Ali, D. LeBoeuf, Serge Leroueil, andG.Cascante PartII Pre-failureandFailureStages 16 The Role of Instability and Shear Band Localisation inTriggeringLandslidesinSensitiveClays.............................. 179 LarsAndresenandHansPetterJostad 17 VibratoryRollerInfluenceZoneNearSlopeswithVibration SusceptibleSoils ............................................................ 191 JörgenJohansson,SarahBouchard,andJean-SébastienL’Heureux 18 BayesianUpdatingofUncertaintiesintheStabilityAnalysis ofNaturalSlopesinSensitiveClays...................................... 203 Ivan Depina, Cecilia Ulmke, Djamalddine Boumezerane, andVikasThakur Contents ix 19 PotentialLandslidingattheNorthSpur,ChurchillRiverValley..... 213 DeniseLeahy,RégisBouchard,andSergeLeroueil 20 CorrectionFactorsforUndrainedLEAnalysesofSensitiveClays... 225 PetterFornesandHansPetterJostad 21 AdvancesinDetermining(cid:2)uands forLimitEquilibrium u Analyses ..................................................................... 237 VilleLehtonenandTimLänsivaara 22 RecommendedPracticefortheUseofStrengthAnisotropy FactorsinStabilityCalculations.......................................... 249 Vikas Thakur, Vidar Gjelsvik, Odd Arne Fauskerud, Stein Christensen, Frode Oset, Margareta Viklund, andStein-AreStrand 23 On the Benefits of Incorporating Anisotropy in Stability AnalysesinSensitiveClays................................................ 259 MatsKarlssonandMinnaKarstunen 24 DevelopmentandApplicationofaRegionalSlopeStability AssessmentScreeningTool ................................................ 267 Brian D. Carlton, Katherine Price, Maarten Vanneste, andCarlFredrikForsberg PartIII Post-failureStage 25 TheUseofLiDARAirborneDataforRetrogressiveLandslides InventoryinSensitiveClays,Québec,Canada.......................... 279 Denis Demers, Denis Robitaille, Alexandre Lavoie, StéphaneParadis,AlexisFortin,andDanielOuellet 26 RunoutofLandslidesinSensitiveClays................................. 289 Stein-Are Strand, Vikas Thakur, Jean-Sébastien L’Heureux, SuzanneLacasse,KjellKarlsrud,TrudeNyheim,KristianAunaas, Hanne Bratlie Ottesen, Vidar Gjelsvik, Odd Arne Fauskerud, RolfSandven,andAndersRosenquistafÅkershult 27 ParametricAnalysisoftheMobilityofDebrisfromFlowSlides inSensitiveClays ........................................................... 301 Dominique Turmel, Jacques Locat, Pascal Locat, andDenisDemers 28 MappingQuickClayHazardZones:ComparisonofMethods fortheEstimationoftheRetrogressionDistance ....................... 311 EllenD.Haugen,MortenTveit,andHåkon.Heyerdahl
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