Lagrangian Analysis and Prediction of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics PDF
Preview Lagrangian Analysis and Prediction of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics
This page intentionally left blank LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF COASTAL AND OCEAN DYNAMICS Written by a group of international experts in their field, this book is a review of Lagrangian observation, analysis and assimilation methods in physical and biological oceanography. In recent years a large number of floating and drifting research buoys have been deployed in the global oceans to study the state of the ocean and its variation in terms of water mass properties, circula- tion and heat transport. Lagrangian techniques are required to analyze the data from these buoys. This multidisciplinary text contains observations, theory, numerical simula- tions, and analysis techniques. It presents new results on nonlinear analysis of Lagrangian dynamics, the prediction of particle trajectories, and Lagrangian stochastic models. It includes chapters on floats and drifters, Lagrangian- based analysis methods and models in marine biology, the statistics of particle trajectories in the ocean, numerical simulations and their relationship with classical turbulence results, and nonlinear Lagrangian-based theory for study- ing ocean transport and particle trajectories. The book contains historical information, up-to-date developments, and speculation on future develop- ments in Lagrangian-based observations, analysis, and modeling of physical and biological systems. Containing contributions from experimentalists, theoreticians, and model- ers in the fields of physical oceanography, marine biology, mathematics, and meteorology this book will be of great interest to researchers and graduate students looking for both practical applications and information on the theory of transport and dispersion in physical systems, biological modeling, and data assimilation. Cover illustration: The cover depicts the abrupt breakup of a large ocean eddy in the Gulf of Mexico. Eddy Fourchon was tracked by assimilating satellite data into the University of Colorado version of the Princeton Ocean Model (developed by L.H. Kantha). Lagrangian analysis by researchers at the University of Delaware (led by A.D. Kirwan, Jr.) and the City University of New York (A.C. Poje) produced the time sequence of marked particles in the middle of theGulf between July 28 andAugust 17, 1998. On July 28, Fourchon appears to be a typical large elliptical ocean eddy. Over the next two and a half weeks, interactions with nearby mesoscale features split the core in half. The larger colored region is determined by computing the Lagrangian boundaries of the eddy on the initial day with red/yellow assigned to those particles within the eddy which eventually split to the north/south respectively. The contrast- ing inscribed circles show the stirring inherent in each sub-region during the evolution. Figure design by Patrick Fagan. LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF COASTAL AND OCEAN DYNAMICS Edited by ANNALISA GRIFFA Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, La Spezia, Italy A. D. KIRWAN, JR. University of Delaware ARTHUR J. MARIANO Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami TAMAY M. O¨ ZGO¨ KMEN Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami THOMAS ROSSBY Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521870184 © Cambridge University Press 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2007 ISBN-13 978-0-511-27414-5 eBook (EBL) ISBN-10 0-511-27414-9 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 978-0-521-87018-4 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-87018-6 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents List of contributors page vi Preface xi 1 Evolution of Lagrangian methods in oceanography 1 2 Measuring surface currents with Surface Velocity Program drifters: the instrument, its data, and some recent results 39 3 Favorite trajectories 68 4 Particle motion in a sea of eddies 89 5 Inertial particle dynamics on the rotating Earth 119 6 Predictability of Lagrangian motion in the upper ocean 136 7 Lagrangian data assimilation in ocean general circulation models 172 8 Dynamic consistency and Lagrangian data in oceanography: mapping, assimilation, and optimization schemes 204 9 Observing turbulence regimes and Lagrangian dispersal properties in the oceans 231 10 Lagrangian biophysical dynamics 275 11 Plankton: Lagrangian inhabitants of the sea 349 12 A Lagrangian stochastic model for the dynamics of a stage structured population. Application to a copepod population 401 13 Lagrangian analysis and prediction of coastal and ocean dynamics (LAPCOD) 423 Index 480 The color plates are situated between pages 228 and 229. v Contributors Amy S Bower Luca R Centurioni Department of Physical Scripps Institute of Oceanography Oceanography 9500 Gilman Drive Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute La Jolla, CA 92093-0213 Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA USA Toshio Chin Annalisa Bracco RSMAS/MPO Department of Physical University of Miami Oceanography 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Woods Hole Oceanographic Miami, FL 33149 Institution USA Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Curtis A Collins Code Oc/Co Giuseppe Buffoni Department of Oceanography ENEA Naval Postgraduate School Santa Teresa – Lerici 833 Dyer Road La Spezia I-19100 Monterey, CA 93943-5122 Italy USA Jim Carton Robert K Cowen University of Maryland RSMAS/MBF Stadium Drive University of Miami College Park, MD 20742-0001 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway USA Miami, FL 33149 USA vi List of contributors vii Heather Furey Kayo Ide Department of Physical Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Oceanography Physics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute UCLA Woods Hole, MA 02543 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA USA Newell Garfield Christopher Jones San Francisco State University University of North Carolina at Geosciences Dept. Chapel Hill 3152 Paradise Drive CB #32350 Tiburon, CA 94920 UNC-CH USA Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Annalisa Griffa RSMAS/MPO YooYin Kim University of Miami Scripps Institute of Oceanography 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway 9500 Gilman Drive Miami, FL 33149 La Jolla, CA 92093-0213 USA USA ISMAR/CNR Forte Santa Teresa Vassiliki Kourafalou La Spezia I-19036 RSMAS/MPO Italy University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Semyon Grodsky Miami, FL 33149 Department of Meteorology USA University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 Leonid Kuznetsov USA Applied Mathematics University of North Carolina at Gary L Hitchcock Chapel Hill RSMAS/MBF (Phillips Hall 362) University of Miami Chapel Hill, NC 27599 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway USA Miami, FL 33149 USA viii List of contributors Matthias Lankhorst Arthur J Mariano Leibniz-Institut fur RSMAS/MPO Meereswissenschaften University of Miami (IFM-GEOMAR) 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Dusternbrooker Weg 20 Miami, FL 33149 Kiel D-24105 USA Germany Maria Grazia Mazzocchi Dong-Kyu Lee Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn Department of Marine Sciences Villa Communale Busan National University Napoli I-80121 Busan 609-735 Italy South Korea Anne Molcard Thomas N Lee LSEET RSMAS/MPO University of Toulon University of Miami Forte Santa Teresa 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway La Spezia I-19036 Miami, FL 33149 Italy USA Pearn P Niiler Rick Lumpkin Scripps Institute of Oceanography Atlantic Oceanographic & 9500 Gilman Drive Meteorological Lab La Jolla, CA 92093-0213 NOAA/AOML/PhOD USA 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Donald B Olson USA RSMAS/MPO University of Miami Svend-Aage Malmberg 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Marine Research Institute Miami, FL 33149 1 Hafrannsoknansofnunin USA PO Box 1390 ¨ Skulgata 4 Tamay Ozgo¨ kmen Reykjavik 121 RSMAS/MPO Iceland University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 USA
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