Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor PDF
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Retrospective Theses and Dissertations 1994 Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor Shihwu Sung Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at:http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of theCivil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Sung, Shihwu, "Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor " (1994).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11324. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11324 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfihn master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photogr£^hs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from lefr to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Nmnber 9518447 Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor Sung, Shihwu, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1994 Copyright ©1994 by Sung, Shihwu. All rights reserved. U M I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor by Shihwu Sung A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Civil and Construction Engineering Major: Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering) Approved: Members of the Committee: Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. iff Cnai^e of Major Worl Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Fbr the M!ajor Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1994 Copyright ® Shihwu Sung, 1994. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 Scope and Objectives of Study 3 n. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion 5 Anaerobic Bacteria 7 Hdrolytical/fermentation bacteria 7 Hydrogen-producing, acetogenic bacteria 8 Hydrogen-consuming, acetogenic bacteria 9 Methanogens 10 Anaerobic Biosolids 14 Anaerobic Sludge Sedimentation 14 Anaerobic Granulation Process 15 Acetate thresholds in acetoclastic methanogens 18 Anaerobic Biosorption 21 Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion 22 Biomass Growth Rate 23 Growth Yield and Substrate Utilization Rate 24 Kinetic Relationships Applied in Process Design 25 Rate-Limiting Step 26 High Rate Anaerobic Process 28 Anaerobic Contact Process 28 Anaerobic Filter 33 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket 37 Anaerobic Fluidized Bed 39 Two-phase Anaerobic Process 43 m. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ASBR 46 Operating Principles 48 Process Description 49 iii Anaerobic Bioflocculation and Granulation 49 Mixing 51 Temperature Compensation 52 IV. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 53 ASBR Design, Mechanics, and Equipment S3 Main Reactor Body 55 Feed Pump and Decant Pump 57 Ring Diffuser, Biogas Recirculation Pump, and Foam Separation Bottle ... 63 Biogas Collection System 64 Intercomponents Connection 66 Substrate and Nutrients 67 ASBR Operating Procedures 69 Leakage Check 69 Mixing Intensity Adjustment 71 Start-up Acclimation 77 Experimental Operation 77 Other Studies 80 Mixing pattern study 80 Study of biosolids characteristics 80 Metliods of Analysis 81 Biogas Analysis 82 Solids Analysis 85 Settling Velocity 85 Particle Size Analysis 88 pH 90 Alkalinity, Total Volatile Acids, and COD 91 V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 93 Start-up Operation 93 Phase 1 Study at HRT of 48 Hour 94 ASBR Responses of Organic Loading Increase 95 Phase 1 Biosolids Study 97 Biosolids Settling Within a 6-hour Cycle 101 iv Phase 1 Performance 101 Fbase 2 Study at HRT of 24 Hour 107 Biosolids Selection Pressure 107 Phase 2 Biosolids Study Ill Reactor Geometry Effects 113 Phase 2 Performance 116 Phase 3 Study at HRT ofl2 Hour 116 Phase 3 Biosolids Study 118 Phase 3 Performance 121 Granulation Study in ASBR 125 Study on Mixing Patterns 138 Biosorption 143 VI. ASBR DESIGN MODEL AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 151 Mathematical Model of the ASBR 151 Model Verification 156 Design Considerations 165 Overall Design Concepts 165 Treatability Study 166 Flow Equ^ization 167 pH Buffer Capacity 167 High Solids Waste Applications 169 Seed Granular Biomass 170 Vacuum Enhancement in Solids Separation 171 Biogas Storage 171 System Automation 172 Ensign Example 173 vn. CONCLUSIONS 177 BIBLIOGRAPHY 180 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 192 APPENDIX A - VELOCITY GRADIENT CALIBRATION DATA 193 V APPENDIX B - ASBR SOLIDS PROFILE AND DAILY METHANE PRODUCTION 196 APPENDIX C - SIX-HOUR SETTLING TEST RESULTS 231 APPENDIX D - AIA DATA SUMMARY 234 APPENDIX E - MIXING STUDY DATA SUMMARY 246 APPENDIX F-ASBR MODELING PROGRAM 249
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