Korea: The War before Vietnam

364 Pages·1986·52.108 MB·English

by  Callum A. MacDonald (auth.)

KOREA:
THEWARBEFOREVIETNAM
By thesame author
THEUS, BRITAINAND APPEASEMENT, 1936-1939
KOREA
The War before Vietnam
Callum A. MacDonald
Lecturerin ComparativeAmericanStudies
University ofWarwick
©CallumA.MacDonald 1986
Softeoverreprintofthehardcover 1stedition1986
Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmission
ofthispublication maybemadewithout written permission.
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or transmittedsavewithwritten permissionorinaccordance
withthe provisionsoftheCopyrightAct 1956(asamended).
Any personwhodoesanyunauthorisedactinrelation to
thispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecution and
civilclaimsfordamages.
Firstpublished 1986
Published by
THEMACMILLANPRESS LTD
Houndmills,Basingstoke, HampshireR021 2XS
and London
Companiesandrepresentatives
throughouttheworld
Transferred todigitalprinting1999
British LibraryCataloguing inPublicationData
MacDonald,C. A.
Korea: thewarbefore Vietnam.
1.Korean War,195a-1953
I. Title
951.9'042 DS918
ISBN978-1-349-06334-5 ISBN 978-1-349-06332-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-06332-1
To Ala, Kathy and Clare
Contents
ListofMaps viii
ListofPlates ix
Foreword xi
Chronology xiii
Abbreviations xvi
KeytoSources xvii
PARTI WAR AND POLITICS
1 The Cold War and Counter-Revolution 3
2 The KoreanDecisions 18
3 AcrosstheParallel 37
4 Disaster 57
5 ACrisisofConfidence 79
6 Attrition 99
7 NegotiatingwhileFighting 116
8 ThePOW Issue 134
9 Deadlockat Panmunjom 154
10 Eisenhower:PeacewithHonour 174
PARTII THE PROBLEMS OFLIMITED WAR
11 TheWarontheGround 201
12 TheWarintheAir 226
13 Conclusions 249
Notes andReferences 265
Bibliography 310
Index 320
vii
List of Maps
1 Korea xviii/xix
2 EastAsia xx
3 Stagesof NKPA advance, June-August 1950 202
4 TheChineseintervention,November1950-January1951 214
viii
List of Plates
POLITICIANS AND GENERALS
1 President Harry S. Truman and Secretary of State Dean G.
Acheson, October 1950
2 President Harry S. Truman decorates General Douglas
MacArthurat Wake Island, October 1950
3 TheBritishPrimeMinister, ClementAttlee,fliesto Washington
in December 1950
4 General Matthew B. Ridgway
5 The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and his Foreign
SecretaryAnthony Eden visit Washington, January 1951
6 TheBritishDefenceMinister, LordAlexander, and theMinister
of State at the Foreign Office, Selwyn Lloyd, visit a POW
compound after the Koje riots
7 Syngman Rhee visiting British troops
8 General Dwight D. Eisenhowervisits the front, December 1950
9 General Mark W. Clarksigns the armistice 'with a heavy heart',
July 1953
THE KOREAN CIVIL WAR
10 ROK recruits press-gangedfrom thestreetsof Pusan
11 North Korean POW at Taegu, July 1950
12& 13 Politicalprisonerson their way to execution
14 ROK marines at Inchon, September 1950
15 A round up of communistsuspects at Inchon, September 1950
16 Mass grave at Hamhungdiscovered byadvancing UN forces
17 Refugee children in the ruins ofSeoul
18 North Korean POWs repatriated to the DPRK proclaim their
loyalty to Kim II Sung, July 1953
THE UN WAR
19 The US, UN and ROK flags welcome reinforcements at Pusan,
July 1950
20 The first US troops at Pusan, July 1950
ix
x ListofPlates
21 USMilitaryPoliceat Taejon,July 1950
22 A USmarine at Inchon, September1950
23 Jubilant American troops liberate Pyongyang,October 1950
24 British troops round up NKPA stragglers, November 1950
25 The US marines escape encirclement in north-west Korea,
December 1950
26 A Britishoutpost on the Imjin, 1952
27 Awounded Canadian ishelped toacasualtystation, winter 1952
28 An American jet pilotdescribesa 'kill'
29 A MIG pilotejecting over the Yalu
30 UStroops toast the armistice
31 Non-repatriate Chinese released bythe Indian Custodial Force,
January 1954
32 An American POW returns from North Korea, August 1953