Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology

2733 Pages·2016·167.206 MB·English

by  Gary W. Procop

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Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic
Microbiology
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Seventh edition
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Printed in China
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Procop, Gary W., author.
Title: Koneman’s color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology / Gary
W. Procop, Deirdre L. Church, Geraldine S. Hall, William M. Janda, Elmer
W. Koneman, Paul C. Schreckenberger, Gail L. Woods.
Other titles: Color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology
Description: Seventh edition. | Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health, [2017]
| Preceded by Koneman’s color atlas and textbook of diagnostic
microbiology / Washington C. Winn Jr. … [et al.]. 6th ed. c2006. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016002803 | ISBN 9781451116595 (hardback) | eISBN 9781469829401 | VST 9781469836164
Subjects: | MESH: Microbiological Phenomena | Microbiological Techniques |
Laboratory Manuals
Classification: LCC QR67 | NLM QW 25 | DDC 616.9/041—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016002803
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DEDICATION
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In Remembrance of Our Former Colleagues and Co-Authors
Wash —We particularly remember your leadership in the College of American Pathology and as the editor-in-chief of
the sixth edition of this text. You are sorely missed.
Steve —We particularly remember your leadership on the American Board of Pathology and in Infectious Disease
Pathology. You are sorely missed.
Gerri —We particularly remember you as the consummate educator, whom all the students loved, and for your
leadership in the American Society for Microbiology and other national organizations. You, too, are sorely missed, and
this edition of this text would not have been possible without you - thanks.
Washington C. Winn Jr, MD, MBA
Director, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory
Fletcher Allen Health Care
Professor of Pathology
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington, Vermont
Stephen D. Allen, MD
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
Director, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Clarian Health—Methodist, Indiana University, and Riley Hospitals
Chief, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Hospital
Pathologist, Wishard Memorial Hospital
Indianapolis, Indiana
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Geraldine S. Hall, PhD, D(ABMM)
Section Head, Clinical Microbiology
Cleveland Clinic
Professor of Pathology
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
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AUTHOR DEDICATIONS
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To Tamera and London—the best wife and son a guy could have. The Best of the Best!
Gary W. Procop, MD
To my husband Gord and family for all their support
Deirdre L. Church, MD, PhD
Thanks for the support of my husband
Geraldine S. Hall, PhD
To my parents, Robert and Geraldine, my brothers, Robert and Martin, and to Matthew, my life partner.
William M. Janda, PhD
In recognition of the ongoing hard work and dedication of microbiology technologists
Elmer W. Koneman, MD
I thank my wife Ann for her immense support and patience during the prolonged writing phase of this work and for
her 45-plus years of steadfast love and encouragement. I also thank my son Adam for his creation of the Web ID
Program used for identification of bacteria, which is described in detail in Chapters 6 and 7 of this text.
Paul C. Schreckenberger, PhD
In loving memory of my father
Gail L. Woods, MD
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Foreword
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T
he diagnostic process for infectious diseases is complex. An astute clinician may be able to make a
clinical diagnosis based on the history, presenting features, physical examination, and epidemiologic
exposures, including relevant travel. For example, pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis albeit with
radiographic confirmation. Establishing an etiologic diagnosis may be much more difficult and is dependent
on obtaining a relevant specimen of interpretable quality, swift reliable transport, and the testing repertoire of
the supporting clinical microbiology laboratory. Moreover, presenting features of different causative agents
often overlap and an infectious process may involve multiple organ systems, thereby adding further complexity
to the task of establishing an etiologic diagnosis on which specific antimicrobial therapy depends. Indeed
without an accurate and timely etiologic diagnosis, empirical treatment ensues or is prolonged, which may
consist of multiple antimicrobial agents, those with unnecessarily broad activity, or both. This increases the
risk of adverse drug reactions, alters the patient’s microbiome, and promotes selection of resistant mutants that
indirectly put other patients at risk. Such collateral damage emphasizes only the need for rapid and accurate
tests wisely deployed for the optimal outcome of patient care.
Thus, the founding objective of Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology was to
provide a clear exposition of procedures routinely employed in the laboratory identification of microbial agents
causing infectious diseases. Since its first edition in 1979, the recognition and emergence of new infectious
agents; better tools for their microbiologic diagnosis; more immunocompromised patients due to organ and
stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy of malignancies, and immune-modulating agents; and a changing
environment both of care and exposures have vastly complicated the quest for an etiologic diagnosis. These
transformative developments have only accelerated since the sixth edition in 2006.
Fortunately, the tools available for the challenges at hand have also expanded and improved. Quantitative
viral load determinations have become essential for care of patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus infections.
Many other molecular test procedures are now commonplace in diagnostic microbiology laboratories large and
small. The identification of microorganisms has been transformed by the introduction of matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Increasing advanced next-generation sequencing
strategies are being deployed for microbial agents that have eluded diagnosis in the past or remain difficult to
identify. Concurrently, traditional growth and isolation techniques remain important for many, if not most,
bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial agents and are required for reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing
given the growing threat of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Recovery and testing is also crucial for
infection control measures and for public health surveillance. As a result, now more than ever, the invaluable
contribution of medical microbiology lies in providing, fostering, and promoting a proper balance between the
science of the possible with the art of the appropriate. This is a professional team endeavor incumbent upon
all entrusted with the stewardship of finite resources.
Therefore, it is fortuitous that Dr. Gary W. Procop now assumes the role of editor-in-chief for the seventh
edition of Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, owing to his many contributions to
the field in molecular microbiology, medical mycology, the histopathology of infectious diseases, and his
leadership in advancing appropriate testing strategies for improved patient outcomes wherein true value lies.
He and his fellow cadre of contributors are admirably positioned by virtue of knowledge, training, and
experience in the field to not only maintain but also to augment the usefulness of this edition for all those who
might benefit from its content: medical microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, pathologists, and clinical
laboratory scientists.
L. Barth Reller, MD, DTM&H
Professor of Medicine and Pathology
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina
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and
Glenn D. Roberts, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology and Pathology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota
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