KEEPING UP APPEARANCES: SERVICE ENVIRONMENTS AS SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION JOOST W.M. VERHOEVEN 1 Thesis, University of Twente, 2009 © Joost W.M. Verhoeven ISBN: 978-90-365-2972-3 Cover Design: Alexander van Deursen Printed by: Ipskamp Drukkers 2 KEEPING UP APPEARANCES: SERVICE ENVIRONMENTS AS SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Twente, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. H. Brinksma volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 28 januari om 15.00 uur door Joost Wilhelmus Martinus Verhoeven geboren op 6 december 1979 te Gilze-Rijen 3 Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor prof. dr. A.Th.H. Pruyn en de assistent-promotor dr. T.J.L. van Rompay. 4 Samenstelling Promotiecommissie Promotor Prof.dr. A.Th.A. Pruyn Assistant-promotor Dr. T.J.L. van Rompay Leden Prof.dr. J.P.L. Schoormans Prof.dr. T.B.C. Poiesz Prof.dr. C.C.J.M. Miller Prof.dr. W.A. Poelman Dr. M.D.T. de Jong 5 6 Contents Chapter 1: General Introduction: The Role of Environmental Cues in 9 Service Settings Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework: Environmental Inferences 23 Part I: Social Cues Chapter 3: Personal Belongings & Physical Appearance in the 35 Service Environment Part II: Design Cues Chapter 4: The Price Façade: Symbolic and Behavioral Price Cues 55 in Restaurants Chapter 5: The Art of Visual Communication: Effects of Artwork 73 Display on Consumer Perceptions Part III: Ambient Cues Chapter 6: Interior Color in the Service Environment 89 Chapter 7: General Discussion & Conclusions 105 References 121 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch) 139 Dankwoord (Acknowledgements in Dutch) 145 7 8 1 General Introduction: The Role of Environmental Cues in Service Settings In chapter one, we will first introduce the subject of this dissertation. Then we will elaborate on the role of the environmental cues in service settings. In the third part of this chapter, we will explain how and why consumers search for information prior to purchasing a service, and how they use environmental cues for this purpose. Finally, we will give an overview of the empirical studies that are reported in this dissertation. 9
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