Kant and Aristotle. Epistemology, logic, and method PDF
Preview Kant and Aristotle. Epistemology, logic, and method
KANT AND ARISTOTLE (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) KANT AND ARISTOTLE Epistemology, Logic, and Method (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) MARCO SGARBI M.C. Escher’s “Bond of Union” © 2015 The M.C. Escher Company-The Netherlands. All rights reserved. www.mcescher.com Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2016 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production, Diane Ganeles Marketing, Kate R. Seburyamo Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sgarbi, Marco, 1982- Kant and Aristotle : epistemology, logic, and method / Marco Sgarbi. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4384-5997-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4384-5999-8 (e-book) 1. Kant, Immanuel, 1724–1804. 2. Aristotle—Influence. 3. Logic. 4. Methodology. I. Title. B2798.S43 2016 193—dc23 2015013509 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii SOURCES AND ABBREVIATIONS ix INTRODUCTION 1 The Other Kant 1 Kant in Context 6 Prospectus 16 1. FACULTATIVE LOGIC 19 The Operations of the Mind 19 Gnostology and Noology 25 Habit and Physiology 36 Between Locke and Leibniz 51 2. TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC 79 Matter and Form 79 Syllogistic and Combinatorics before Kant 94 Syllogistic and Combinatorics in Kant 118 Categories and Judgments 135 Analytic and Dialectic 150 v vi CONTENTS 3. METHODOLOGY 165 Method in the Aristotelian Tradition 165 Modern Conceptions of Method 176 Kant’s Precritical Conception of Method 183 The Method of Critique of Pure Reason 193 CONCLUSION 217 Aristotle in Kant 217 The Aristotelian Kant 222 NOTES 225 BIBLIOGRAPHY 257 INDEX 277 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) Ig ratefully acknowledge the help and support of numerous people and institutions while I was working on this book. This research has been made possible thanks to a Frances A. Yates Short-Term fellowship at the Warburg Institute (2011), a Fritz Thyssen Stiftung postdoctoral fellowship at the Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüt- tel (2012), and an Accademia dei Lincei-British Academy postdoc- toral fellowship (2012). Earlier versions of the contents of this book were presented in a very different form in some of my previous Italian books and articles (cf. Sgarbi 2010a; Sgarbi 2010b; Sgarbi 2010c; Sgarbi 2010d; Sgarbi 2012). Interaction with many scholars and conference presentations prompted me to write a compelling new book in English on the topic to reach a broader audience. In this book, I have used some of the scholarly work of my previous research, especially the investigation of the Königsberg intellectual framework, the analysis of unpub- lished manuscripts and unknown documents, and the study of the eighteenth-century Aristotelian textbooks. While any list of reasonable length would be undoubtedly incom- plete, I nonetheless wish to acknowledge the great help of Seung- Kee Lee and Riccardo Pozzo. I am particularly grateful to the four peer-reviewers and to Robert Norris for the linguistic revision of my book. Despite the invaluable assistance of many people, any and all errors or shortcomings in this book are mine, and mine alone. vii SOURCES AND ABBREVIATIONS (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) All references to Kant’s works are cited in the body of the text according to the volume and page number, given in Arabic numerals separated by a colon in the critical edition of Kants gesa- mmelte Schriften, edited by the Royal Prussian (later German, then Berlin-Brandenburg) Academy of Sciences (Berlin: Georg Reimer, later Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1900–). The one exception to this rule is the Critique of Pure Reason, where passages are referenced by numbers from “A,” the first edition of 1781, and/or “B,” the second edition of 1787. The pagination of the Academy Edition is repro- duced in almost all modern English translations of Kant’s writings. All Greek and Roman authors are cited in their most familiar single-name form, both in the text and in the bibliography, for exam- ple, Cicero (not Marcus Tullius Cicero) and Quintilian (not Marcus Fabius Quintilianus). All the titles of the works are given in the origi- nal language, with the exemption of Aristotle and Kant’s writings. My general rule has been to preserve original spelling and punctua- tion, even when erroneous, except where there are critical editions. Sometimes, when fitting quotations around the text, I have silently changed a lowercase initial letter to an upper, or vice versa, as the sentence requires. ix
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