K afkas J M ed Sci - JournalAgent

65 Pages·2013·1.34 MB·English

ISSN 1307 4504
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İçindekiler / Contents ıp d
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ARAŞTIRMA YAZISI / ORIGINAL ARTICLE i
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Effects of Green Tea Extract and Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota on Levels of Serum Minerals, er
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Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Glucose and Lactate in Rats Fed on High-carbohydrate and High-lipid Diets.....................................................1 i
Yeşil Çay Ekstraktı ve Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota’nın Yüksek Karbonhidrat ve Lipit İçerikli si a
Yeşil Diyetle Beslenen Ratlarda Serum Mineral, Kolesterol, Trigliserid, Glikoz ve Laktat Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkileri k
Turan Karaca, Fahri Bayıroğlu, Mustafa Cemek, Bahat Comba, Ahmet Ayaz, İhsan Karaboğa f
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.36855 a
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Treadmill Egzersiz Elektrokardiyografi Testinde İzole İnferior Bölge ST Çökmeleri
Saptanan Hastalarda Dobutamin Stres Ekokardiyografi Testi ile İskeminin Değerlendirilmesi .........................................................................8
Assessment of Ischemia by Using Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Test in Patients with Isolated
ST Depression in Inferior Leads Demonstrated During Channel Treadmill Exercise Electrocardiography Test
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Adohim: 1e0.t5 K50a5ra/kkjumrst.,2 Y0ü1k3s.6e1l 6K8a7ya, Tolga Sinan Güvenç, Mehmet Akbulut ilt / V
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Üçüncü Basamak Sağlık Merkezi Herni Cerrahisi Deneyimleri ve Herni Nüksünü Etkileyen Faktörler.........................................................15 lu
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Inguinal Hernia Surgery Experiences of a Tertiary Health Center and the Factors Effecting the Hernia Recurrence e
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MNuerhi tAaypd Oınk Ktaaym, Taurgut Karaca, Özlem Suvak, Aziz Bulut, Mustafa Yasin Selçuk, Mustafa Gökhan Usman, Uğur Gözalan, | S
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.77486 ay
Diyabetik Hastalarda Koroner Baypas Cerrahisi: Pompalı mı, Pompasız mı? .........................................................................................................21 ı / Is
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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Diabetic Patients: Off-pump or On-pump? u
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Atıf Yolgösteren, Tolunay Sevingil, Serkan Akarsu, Nöfel Ahmet Binicier, Mustafa Tok 1
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.53825 | N
Sağlık Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Kan Bağışına Yönelik Bilgi ve Tutumları ..........................................................................................................27 is
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School of Health Services Students’ Knowledge About and Attitude Towards the Blood Donation n
Nihal Bostancı Daştan, Murat Daştan, Nilüfer Kıranşal / A
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doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.43534 ril 2
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OLGU SUNUMU / CASE REPORT 1
3
Four Cases of Brain Stem Lesion Presented with Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome ..............................................................................................33
Santral Uyku Apne Sendromu ile Prezente Olan Dört Beyin Sapı Lezyonu Olgusu
Nergiz Hüseyinoğlu, Serkan Özben, Hilal Şafak Şanıvar
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.07379
Sağ Arkus Aorta ve Ayna Görüntüsü Dallanması: Bir Olgu Sunumu ........................................................................................................................37
The Right Aortic Arch with Mirror Image Branching: A Case Report K
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Ali Sami Kıvrak, Nadire Ünver Doğan, Ahmet Kağan Karabulut, Zeliha Fazlıoğulları, Mustafa Koplay fk
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doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.32032 s
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DERLEME / REVIEW u
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HIV/AIDS ve Cerrahi Yaklaşım ..................................................................................................................................................................................................41 a
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HIV/AIDS and Surgical Approach o
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Işıl Işık Andsoy, Oğuz Özyaral M
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.47965 e
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Renal Sinüs Lipomatozu ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................48 c
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Renal Sinus Lipomatosis l S
Işıl Başara, Yiğit Akın, Selim Serter, Aliseydi Bozkurt, Barış Nuhoğlu c
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doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.72473 en
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Cilt / Volume 3
http://meddergi.kafkas.edu.tr
Sayı / Issue 1
e_mail: [email protected]
Nisan / April 2013
Cilt / Volume 3 • Sayı / Issue 1 • Nisan / April 2013 ISSN 1307-4504
Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi Danışma Kurulu (Nisan 2013)
Abdülkadir Ercan, Balıkesir
Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, Kafkas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nin
Adnan Özçetin, Düzce
akademik yayın organıdır.
Aysel Milanlıoğlu, Bitlis
Aytaç Akbaşak, Kars
Kuruluş tarihi : 04.03.2011
Bahattin Balcı, Kars
Yayın türü : Hakemli süreli yayın. Barlas Sülü, Kars
Çetin Kotan, Van
Yayının adı : Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, Kafkas
Dursun Duman, İstanbul
Journal of Medical Sciences.
Erol Taşdemiroğlu, İstanbul
Kısaltılmış adı : Kafkas J Med Sci. Fatih Mehmet Avşar, Kars
Güneş Orman, Kars
Yayımlanma ortamları : Matbu ve elektronik. Hasan Hüseyin Özdemir, Elazığ
Hürrem Bodur, Kars
Peryodu : 4 ayda bir (Nisan, Ağustos, Aralık)
Kahraman Ülker, Kars
Yayın dili : Türkçe ve İngilizce. Mehmet Bülent Özdemir, Denizli
Mehmet Haydar Atalar, Sivas
Yazı içeriği : Tıp bilimleri ile ilgili araştırma, kısa bildiri, Murat Yıldırımkale, Kars
derleme, editöryal, editöre mektup, Nuray Atasoy, Zongultak
çeviri, tıbbi yayın tanıtma vb türlerden
Oktay Kaya, Kars
yazılar yayımlanır.
Özcan Keskin, Kars
Serhat Karadağ, Kars
DOI numarası : Yayımlanan her bir makaleye dijital
nesne tanımlayıcı numarası (doi) atanır. Şahika Pınar Akyer, Denizli
Tolga Sinan Güvenç, Kars
Makale işlemleri : Makale toplama ve değerlendirme Ümit Aksoy Özcan, İstanbul
işlemleri http://meddergi.kafkas.edu.tr Ünal Güntekin, Şanlıurfa
web adresinden online yapılır.
Yusuf Günerhan, Kars
Yüksel Kıvrak, Kars
Endekslenme İletişim
Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi
TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM
Kafkas Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Türkiye Atıf Dizini
36300 Kars, Türkiye
Türk Medline Tel. [phone]
Fax. [phone]
Yönetim E-mail. [email protected]
Web. http://meddergi.kafkas.edu.tr
Yrd. Doç. Dr. B. Çağlar Bilgin (İmtiyaz Sahibi)
Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kahraman Ülker (Yazı İşleri Müdürü) Yayın Hizmetleri
Tasarım ve Uygulama
Editöryal Kurul
BAYT Bilimsel Araştırmalar
Editör Basın Yayın ve Tanıtım Ltd. Şti.
Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kahraman Ülker Ziya Gökalp Cad. 30/31, Kızılay-Ankara
Editör yardımcısı Tel. [phone]
www.bayt.com.tr
Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nergiz Hüseyinoğlu
İngilizce danışmanı Baskı
Yrd. Doç. Dr. Gencer Elkılıç Miki Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti.
İstatistik danışmanı Matbaacılar Sitesi, 560 Sk. No:27, İvedik-Ankara
Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cantürk Çapık Tel. [phone]
Baskı Tarihi
Önceki editörler: Prof. Dr. Bahattin Balcı (2011–2012)
gg aaaaaaaa 2013
A1

Volume / Cilt 3 • Issue / Sayı 1 • April /Nisan 2013 ISSN 1307-4504
Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences Advisory Board (April 2013)
Abdülkadir Ercan, Balıkesir
Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences is the official academic
Adnan Özçetin, Düzce
publication of Kafkas University School of Medicine.
Aysel Milanlıoğlu, Bitlis
Founding Date : March 4, 2011 Aytaç Akbaşak, Kars
Bahattin Balcı, Kars
Type of Publication : Peer reviewed journal
Barlas Sülü, Kars
Name of Journal : Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, Çetin Kotan, Van
Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi Dursun Duman, İstanbul
Erol Taşdemiroğlu, İstanbul
Abbrevated Name : Kafkas J Med Sci
Fatih Mehmet Avşar, Kars
Media of Distribution : Press and electronic Güneş Orman, Kars
Hasan Hüseyin Özdemir, Elazığ
Period of Publication : Three issues a year
Hürrem Bodur, Kars
(April, August, December)
Kahraman Ülker, Kars
Language : Turkish and English Mehmet Bülent Özdemir, Denizli
Mehmet Haydar Atalar, Sivas
Contents of Journal : Articles concerning medical sciences
such as original studies, short communi Murat Yıldırımkale, Kars
cations, review articles, editorials, letters Nuray Atasoy, Zongultak
to the editor and translated articles et Oktay Kaya, Kars
cetera are publicated.
Özcan Keskin, Kars
DOI number : A digital object identifier (doi) number is Serhat Karadağ, Kars
assigned to all articles accepted for Şahika Pınar Akyer, Denizli
publication. Tolga Sinan Güvenç, Kars
Ümit Aksoy Özcan, İstanbul
Manuscript Processing : Manuscript submission and review
procedures are performed online at Ünal Güntekin, Şanlıurfa
http://meddergi.kafkas.edu.tr Yusuf Günerhan, Kars
Yüksel Kıvrak, Kars
Indexed in Correspondence
Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi
TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM
Kafkas Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Türkiye Atıf Dizini
36300 Kars, Turkey
Türk Medline
Phone. [phone]
Fax. [phone]
Administration E-mail. [email protected]
Web. http://meddergi.kafkas.edu.tr
Assist. Prof. Dr. B. Çağlar Bilgin (Owner)
Assist. Prof. Dr. Kahraman Ülker (Publishing Manager)
Publication Services
Graphic Design
Editorial Board
BAYT Bilimsel Araştırmalar
Editor Basın Yayın ve Tanıtım Ltd. Şti.
Assist. Prof. Dr. Kahraman Ülker Ziya Gökalp Cad. 30/31, Kızılay-Ankara, Turkey
Associate Editor Phone. [phone]
Assist. Prof. Dr. Nergiz Hüseyinoğlu www.bayt.com.tr
English Consultant Printing
Assist. Prof. Dr. Gencer Elkılıç
Miki Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti.
Statistical consultant
Matbaacılar Sitesi, 560 Sk. No:27, İvedik-Ankara, Turkey
Assist. Prof. Dr. Cantürk Çapık
Phone. [phone]
Printing Date
Former editors: Prof. Dr. Bahattin Balcı (2011–2012)
mmmmmm dd, 2013
A3

Cilt / Volume 3
Sayı / Issue 1 ISSN 1307-4504
Nisan / April 2013
İçindekiler / Contents
ARAŞTIRMA YAZISI / ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of Green Tea Extract and Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota on Levels of Serum Minerals,
Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Glucose and Lactate in Rats Fed on High-carbohydrate and High-lipid Diets.....................................................1
Yeşil Çay Ekstraktı ve Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota’nın Yüksek Karbonhidrat ve Lipit İçerikli
Yeşil Diyetle Beslenen Ratlarda Serum Mineral, Kolesterol, Trigliserid, Glikoz ve Laktat Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkileri
Turan Karaca, Fahri Bayıroğlu, Mustafa Cemek, Bahat Comba, Ahmet Ayaz, İhsan Karaboğa
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.36855
Treadmill Egzersiz Elektrokardiyografi Testinde İzole İnferior Bölge ST Çökmeleri
Saptanan Hastalarda Dobutamin Stres Ekokardiyografi Testi ile İskeminin Değerlendirilmesi .........................................................................8
Assessment of Ischemia by Using Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Test in Patients with Isolated
ST Depression in Inferior Leads Demonstrated During Channel Treadmill Exercise Electrocardiography Test
Ahmet Karakurt, Yüksel Kaya, Tolga Sinan Güvenç, Mehmet Akbulut
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.61687
Üçüncü Basamak Sağlık Merkezi Herni Cerrahisi Deneyimleri ve Herni Nüksünü Etkileyen Faktörler.........................................................15
Inguinal Hernia Surgery Experiences of a Tertiary Health Center and the Factors Effecting the Hernia Recurrence
Mehtap Oktay, Turgut Karaca, Özlem Suvak, Aziz Bulut, Mustafa Yasin Selçuk, Mustafa Gökhan Usman, Uğur Gözalan,
Nuri Aydın Kama
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.77486
Diyabetik Hastalarda Koroner Baypas Cerrahisi: Pompalı mı, Pompasız mı? .........................................................................................................21
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Diabetic Patients: Off-pump or On-pump?
Atıf Yolgösteren, Tolunay Sevingil, Serkan Akarsu, Nöfel Ahmet Binicier, Mustafa Tok
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.53825
Sağlık Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Kan Bağışına Yönelik Bilgi ve Tutumları ..........................................................................................................27
School of Health Services Students’ Knowledge About and Attitude Towards the Blood Donation
Nihal Bostancı Daştan, Murat Daştan, Nilüfer Kıranşal
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.43534
OLGU SUNUMU / CASE REPORT
Four Cases of Brain Stem Lesion Presented with Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome ..............................................................................................33
Santral Uyku Apne Sendromu ile Prezente Olan Dört Beyin Sapı Lezyonu Olgusu
Nergiz Hüseyinoğlu, Serkan Özben, Hilal Şafak Şanıvar
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.07379
Sağ Arkus Aorta ve Ayna Görüntüsü Dallanması: Bir Olgu Sunumu ........................................................................................................................37
The Right Aortic Arch with Mirror Image Branching: A Case Report
Ali Sami Kıvrak, Nadire Ünver Doğan, Ahmet Kağan Karabulut, Zeliha Fazlıoğulları, Mustafa Koplay
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.32032
DERLEME / REVIEW
HIV/AIDS ve Cerrahi Yaklaşım ..................................................................................................................................................................................................41
HIV/AIDS and Surgical Approach
Işıl Işık Andsoy, Oğuz Özyaral
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.47965
Renal Sinüs Lipomatozu ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................48
Renal Sinus Lipomatosis
Işıl Başara, Yiğit Akın, Selim Serter, Aliseydi Bozkurt, Barış Nuhoğlu
doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.72473
A5

ARAŞTIRMA YAZISI / ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Kafkas J Med Sci 2013; 3(1):1–7 • doi: 10.5505/kjms.2013.36855
Effects of Green Tea Extract and Lactobacillus Casei
Strain Shirota on Levels of Serum Minerals, Cholesterol,
Triglycerides, Glucose and Lactate in Rats Fed on
High-carbohydrate and High-lipid Diets
Yeşil Çay Ekstraktı ve Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota’nın Yüksek Karbonhidrat ve Lipit İçerikli Yeşil
Diyetle Beslenen Ratlarda Serum Mineral, Kolesterol,T rigliserid, Glikoz ve Laktat Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkileri
Turan Karaca1, Fahri Bayıroğlu2, Mustafa Cemek3, Bahat Comba2, Ahmet Ayaz3, İhsan Karaboğa1
1University of Trakya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Edirne, Turkey, 2University of Yüzüncü Yıl, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Van, Turkey, 3University of Yıldız Technical, Faculty of Chem. and Met. Eng., Department of
Bioengineering (Division of Biochemistry), Istanbul, Turkey
ABSTRACT ÖZET
AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ef- AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeşil çay ekstraktı ve Lactobacillus
fects of green tea extract and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on casei strain Shirota’nın yüksek karbonhidrat ve lipit içerikli diyetle
levels of serum minerals (Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg and Mn), cholesterol, beslenen ratlarda serum mineralleri (Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg and Mn),
triglyceride, glucose and lactate in rats on high carbohydrate and
kolesterol, trigliserid, glikoz ve laktat düzeyleri üzerine etkilerinin
lipid diets.
araştırılmasıdır.
METHODS: Thirty five healthy Wistar albino rats were used, five in
YÖNTEM: Otuzbeş sağlıklı Wistar albino rat her grupta 5 hayvan ola-
each of seven experimental groups: control (group A), high-carbo-
cak şekilde 7 gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol grubu (A), yüksek-karbonhidratlı
hydrate diet (group B), high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with
diyet grubu (B), yüksek karbonhidratlı diyet ve 8 hafta süreyle probi-
probiotic bacteria for 8 weeks - Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota
(group C), high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with green tea yotik bakteri ilaveli grup- Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (C), yüksek
extract for 8 weeks - in drinking water: 100 mg/kg/day (group D), karbonhidratlı diyet ve 8 hafta süreyle yeşil çay ekstraktı verilen grup
high-lipid diet for 8 weeks (group E), high-lipid diet supplemented (D), yüksek lipit içerikli diyet grubu (E), yüksek lipit içerikli diyet ve 8
with probiotic bacteria for 8 weeks (group F), high-lipid diet sup- hafta süreyle probiyotik bakteri ilaveli grup- Lactobacillus casei strain
plemented with green tea extract for 8 weeks- in drinking water: Shirota (F) ve yüksek lipit içerikli diyet ve 8 hafta süreyle yeşil çay
100 mg/kg/day (group G). ekstraktı ilaveli grup (G).
RESULTS: A significant increase (p<0.05) in serum cholesterol BULGULAR: Serum kolesterol seviyesinin yüksek lipit ve yüksek
was observed in groups treated with high-lipid, and high-lipid + lipit + yeşil çay ekstraktı ilaveli gruplarda (grup E ve G) kontrole
green tea extracts (E and G) compared with other groups (P<0.05).
ve diğer deneme gruplarına göre anlamlı olarak artığı tespit edildi
Serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the high-car-
(p<0.05). Serum trigliserid seviyesi yüksek karbonhidrat + probiyo-
bohydrate + probiotic group (C) than in other groups (p<0.05).
tik ilaveli grupta (grup C) diğer deneme gruplarından anlamlı olarak
High-calorie diet, green tea extract and probiotic bacteria had no
düşüktü (p<0.05). Yüksek kalorili diyet, yeşil çay ekstraktı ve pro-
influence on serum lactate levels in any of the groups. Serum Ca
biyotik ilavesinin gruplarda serum laktat seviyesi üzerine herhangi
levels decreased significantly only in the high-carbohydrate diet
group (p<0.05). However, serum Zn and Fe concentrations in- bir etkisinin olmadığı görüldü. Serum Ca düzeyinin yanlızca yüksek
creased significantly in the high-lipid and high-lipid plus probiotic karbonhidrat içerikli diyet grubunda anlamlı olarak azaldığı tespit
bacteria groups, respectively (p<0.05 and 0.01). Serum Mg levels edildi (p<0.05). Bununla birlikte, serum Zn ve Fe konsantrasyonları-
were significantly lower in all experimental groups compared to nın yüksek lipit ve yüksek lipit + probiyotik ilaveli gruplarda sırasıyla
the control group (P<0.01). L. casei strain Shirota and the green p<0.05 ve P<0.01 düzeylerinde anlamlı olarak artığı tespit edildi.
tea extract, significantly lowered serum glucose levels in the high- Serum Mg seviyesinin tüm deneme gruplarında kontrole göre is-
carbohydrate groups compared to high-lipid groups (p<0.05). tatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede azaldığı tespit edildi (P<0.01). L.
CONCLUSION: The green tea extract and L. casei strain Shirota casei strain Shirota ve yeşil çay ekstraktı alınması yüksek karbon-
decreases serum glucose and triglyceride levels in rats fed on hidrat diyetli gruplarda serum glikoz seviyesini yüksek lipid diyetli
high-calorie diets. gruba göre anlamlı olarak azalttığı belirlendi (p<0.05).
Key words: high-calorie diet; green tea; probiotic bacteria; serum mineral levels SONUÇ: Yeşil çay ekstraktı ve L. casei strain Shirota kullanımının
yüksek enerjili diyetle beslenen ratlarda kan glukoz ve trigliserid se-
viyelerini düşürücü etkisi vardır.
Turan Karaca, Balkan Yerleşkesi 22030 Edirne, Türkiye. Tel. [phone]
Email. [email protected] Anahtar kelimeler: yüksek kalorili diyet; yeşil çay; probiyotik bakteri; serum
Geliş Tarihi: 24.12.2012 • Kabul Tarihi: 19.03.2013 mineral seviyesi
1
Kafkas J Med Sci
Introduction Methods
Obesity has been linked to a wide variety of health The study was performed in Yüzüncü Yıl University
problems including hypertension, dyslipidemia, car- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. All procedures were
diovascular diseases, hyperglycemia, diabetes mel- conducted according to the Yuzuncu Yil University
litus, inflammation disorders and cancer, based on Ethics Committee Statements on laboratory animals
accumulation of visceral fat1, 2. Previous studies have (Ethical approval decision number 2011-05).
shown that high-fat diets trigger obesity under ad li-
bitum feeding conditions3. A high-fat diet increased Animals and diets
the sensitivity of insulin to stimulate adipocyte glu-
Thirty five healthy, male Wistar albino rats, weighting
cose uptake in a mouse strain that was genetically
200–260 g and averaging 8 weeks old were used in this
sensitive to developing dietary obesity4.
study. Animals were housed three in a polycarbonate
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is consumed worldwide and it is cage in temperature controlled rooms (21±2°C) with
generally accepted that the tea is the most consumed a 12-hour light/dark cycle, fed with standard rat pel-
beverage in the world5. Previous studies conducted lets (Vangölü animal food product co., Van, Turkey),
in humans and animals have reported that the green and given water ad libitum for an adaptation period
tea and its components (catechins, flavonols, etc.) of 10 days.
have many biological and biochemical advantageous
The rats were randomly allocated into one of the
effects of anti-obesity6, anti-diabetic7, anti-carcino-
seven experimental groups (Table 1): group A (con-
genesis8, hypolipidemic5, anti-oxidative9, apoptosis-
trol), group B (high-carbohydrate diet), group C
inducing10, and anti-angiogenesis11. In addition, the
(high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with probiotic
consumption of green tea decreases serum levels of
bacteria for 8 weeks - Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota),
triacylglycerols and LDL cholesterol12, and increases
group D (high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with
the serum levels of HDL cholesterol13 ,14.
green tea extract for 8 weeks - in drinking water: 100
Probiotic colonies are the natural flora of their host’s mg/kg/day), group E (high-lipid diet for 8 weeks),
gastrointestinal track and they play critical roles in group F (high-lipid diet supplemented with probi-
promoting health in humans and animals by blocking otic bacteria for 8 weeks), group G (high-lipid diet
gastrointestinal pathogens, neutralizing food muta- supplemented with green tea extract for 8 weeks- in
gens produced in colon, enhancing systemic immune drinking water: 100 mg/kg/day). Thus, each group
response and dissolving intestinal dysfunction15. contained five animals.
The control group was fed with the standard pelleted
Previous studies showed that oral administration
diet (362.0 kcal/100 g) containing a dry weight com-
of Lactobacillus casei decreased plasma glucose lev-
els in mice 16 and Bifidobacterium longum reduced se- position of 18% protein, 76% carbohydrate and 6%
rum cholesterol levels in rats15. Similar studies per- lipid. The experimental groups were fed with either
a carbohydrate-rich hypercaloric diet or a lipid-rich
formed on humans showed the similar effect on
blood lipids17. hypercaloric diet both composed of casein, starch,
sucrose, straw, L-methionin, corn oil, animal oil (tal-
Although the effects of consumption of green tea
low) and vitamin-mineral mix. The carbohydrate-rich
and some probiotics on serum mineral levels have
been defined, their effects during high caloric diet
intake were not thoroughly studied. In this present
study we aimed to study the influence of high-fat Table 1. The study groups and consumed diets.
and high-carbohydrate diets with or without the
Group A n=5 Control (standard rat pellets feed)
supplementation of probiotic bacteria and green
Group B n=5 High-carbohydrate diet
tea extract on serum Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg and Mn
Group C n=5 High-carbohydrate diet + Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota
levels in rats. The second objective of the study was
Group D n=5 High-carbohydrate diet + Green tea extract
to analyze the effects of consumption of probiotic
Group E n=5 High-lipid diet
bacteria and green tea extract on serum cholesterol,
Group F n=5 High-lipid diet + Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota
triglycerides, glucose and lactate levels during high
Group G n=5 High-lipid diet + Green tea extract
calorie diet.
2
Kafkas J Med Sci
hypercaloric diet contained a total of 4100 kcal/100 Results
g, with a dry weight composition of 56% carbohy-
drate. The lipid-rich hypercaloric diet contained a to-
Blood mineral levels
tal of 4200 kcal/100 g with a dry weight composition
The mineral, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and
of 50% lipid (Table 2).
lactate levels of the rats were presented in Tables 3
At the end of the experiments all animals were sacri-
and 4. Serum Ca levels were significantly decreased
ficed by decapitation.
after 8 weeks in the carbohydrate-rich diet group (B)
(p<0.05), however, there were no significant changes
Biochemical measurements within either the control group or the other treat-
Blood samples were obtained at the beginning and ment groups.
the end of the experimental period. The blood sam-
Serum concentrations of Cu decreased in groups B
ples were carefully collected and stored at -80°C prior
and C compared to the other experimental groups
to analysis. The levels of Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg and Mn
(D-G) (p<0.01). Serum Zn levels were significantly
were measured by using an UV-Spectrophotometer
increased after the lipid-rich diet (E) and the lipid-rich
(Shimadzu UV-1201, Japan). The samples were di-
diet plus green tea extract (G) compared with other
luted in water before measuring the levels of cop-
groups (p<0.01). Serum Fe levels were significantly
per and manganese. All samples were analyzed in
decreased in the carbohydrate-rich diet plus green
triplicate.
tea group (D) and lipid-rich plus green tea group (G)
Cholesterol (Biolabo, 80106), glucose (Biolabo, (p<0.01). In addition, the serum concentration of
80009) and triglyceride (Ben SRL- TG381, Italy) lev- Mg significantly decreased in the lipid-rich plus green
els were determined with commercial kits adapted to tea extract group (G) compared with other treat-
a Shimadzu UV-1201, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer ment groups (B-F) (p<0.01). Serum Mn levels were
(Japan). Serum lactate levels were also studied by us- higher in lipid-rich plus probiotic bacteria group (F),
ing commercial kits (Spinreact)18. and lipid-rich plus green tea groups (G) compared to
other groups (p<0.01, Table 3).
Statistical analysis
Cholesterol and triglyceride levels
The data were expressed as mean ± standard de-
viation (SD), and analyzed by repeated measures of Serum cholesterol levels increased in the high-lipid
variance. A Tukey test was used to test the differ- group (E) rats (p<0.05), however, there were no
ences among means when an analysis of variance changes in other experimental groups. Serum tri-
(ANOVA) indicated a statistical significance (p<0.05 glyceride levels were significantly increased in the
or 0.01). experimental groups compared to control group
(p<0.05). However, in group D serum triglycer-
ide levels were significantly decreased compared
with the other high-calorie and treatment groups
Table 2. The composition of the experimental diets
(p<0.01) (Table 4).
% of total diet
Ingredients High-carbohydrate diet High-lipid diet
Blood glucose and lactate levels
Casein 11 11
Serum glucose levels increased in the experimental
Starch 15 6
groups compared to the control group. Serum glu-
Sucrose 56 50
cose levels were lower in the carbohydrate plus pro-
Straw 2.2 8.2
biotic (group C), and carbohydrate plus green tea
L-Methionin 0.1 0.1
(group D) groups than in the other experimental
Corn oil 5.5 10
groups (p<0.01). No changes were observed in se-
Animal oil (Tallow) 5.5 10
rum lactate levels in either the high-carbohydrate or
Vitamin-Mineral Mix 4.7 4.7
the high-lipid diet groups with either the supplemen-
Crude protein 10.45 10.48
tation of green tea or probiotic bacteria in compari-
Metabolic Energy (kcal) 4100/100g 4200/100g
son with the control group (p>0.05, Table 4).
3