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PALGRAVE STUDIES IN JOURNALISM AND THE GLOBAL SOUTH Journalism, Data and Technology in Latin America Edited by Ramón Salaverría Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos Palgrave Studies in Journalism and the Global South Series Editors Bruce Mutsvairo Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA Saba Bebawi University of Technology Sydney Ultimo, NSW, Australia Eddy Borges-Rey Northwestern University Qatar Ar-Rayyan, Qatar This series focuses on cutting-edge developments in journalism in and from the Global South and illuminates how journalism cultures and practices have evolved from the era of colonization to contemporary globalization. Bringing previously underrepresented research from the Global South to the English speaking world, this series will focus on a broad range of topics within journalism including pedagogy, ethics, history of journalism, press freedom, theory, propaganda, gender, cross-border collaboration and methodological issues. Despite the geographical connotations of the term ‘Global South’ the series will not be defined by geographical boundaries, as Western countries are home to millions of immigrants and the contributions of immigrant journalists will be covered. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/16423 Ramón Salaverría Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos Editors Journalism, Data and Technology in Latin America Editors Ramón Salaverría Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos School of Communication University of Navarra University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain Pamplona, Spain ISSN 2662-480X ISSN 2662-4818 (electronic) Palgrave Studies in Journalism and the Global South ISBN 978-3-030-65859-5 ISBN 978-3-030-65860-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65860-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: KTSDESIGN/Science Photo Library Cover design: eStudioCalamar This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland A cknowledgments The editors are grateful for the help of all the people involved in this project and, more specifically, to the interviewees, authors, and reviewers who took part in this manuscript process. In special, we want to thank Momi Peralta and Florencia Coelho from La Nación (Argentina) who put us in contact with several respondents. Also, we would show our sincere gratitude to the chapters’ authors who contributed their time and expertise to this book even under difficult circumstances. Without their support, this book would not have become a reality. The editors also wish to acknowledge the valuable contributions of the reviewers and editorial team regarding the improvement of quality, coherence, and content presentation. We want to express our gratitude to the JOLT project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement—n° 765140) that is responsible for creating this group of researchers who are investigating the future of journalism. Last, but not the least important, the editors give special thanks to their families and numerous friends who have shown their feedback and support during this project, after having a few long nights without sleeping well. We hope our contribution, in some way, helps scholar community and media practitioners to explore further the intersection between technology and data on Latin American journalism. Ramón Salaverría & Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos v c ontents 1 Transformation of the News Media Industry in the Global South 1 Ramón Salaverría and Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos 2 The New Praxeology of Digital Journalism in Latin America: Media Organizations Learn How to Walk by Running 23 Lucia Mesquita and Kamila Fernandes 3 In a Search for Sustainability: Digitalization and Its Influence on Business Models in Latin America 55 Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos and Lucia Mesquita 4 The Strategic Value of Data Journalism 97 Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos and Lucia Mesquita 5 Audience Metrics and News Decisions 137 Silvia-María Corzo and Ramón Salaverría 6 Do You Help Us Make the News? A Discussion of the Uses of User-Generated Content by News Sites in Latin America 163 Gabriela Gruszynski Sanseverino and Giuliander Carpes vii viii CONTENTS 7 News Consumption Through Social Media and Messaging Applications 195 Giuliander Carpes and Gabriela Gruszynski Sanseverino 8 A Challenging Future for the Latin American News Media Industry 229 Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos and Lucia Mesquita Index 263 n c otes on ontributors Giuliander Carpes is a researcher on “The Impact of Platforms and Infomediaries on Journalism” at the University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, within the JOLT Project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020. Since 2014, he has been researching the effects of the platformization of the Internet on news media. In 2015, he completed a MA in Media & Business at the Erasmus University Rotterdam. Silvia-María Corzo is a PhD researcher at Digital Unav—Center for Internet Studies and Digital Life, bound to the School of Communication at the University of Navarra, where she is working on a dissertation on the impact of web metrics in newswork. Her research focuses on digital media in Latin America. In the 2016–2017 academic year, she worked in the Digital Communication Service of the University, where she carried out the planning, management, and evaluation of content in digital platforms, audience analysis, segmentation, and online strategies. In 2015, she earned a Master’s in Political and Corporate Communication from the same university. From 2011 to 2015, she worked in television and print media in Guatemala City. In 2019, she was a visiting researcher at Northwestern University’s Department of Communication Studies. Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos is a researcher at the University of Navarra, Spain, under the JOLT project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Training Network funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020. Previously, he was a visiting researcher at the Queensland ix x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS University of Technology, Australia. He completed the EU-funded master’s qualification Digital Communication Leadership (DCLead) offered by the University of Salzburg (Austria) and Aalborg University (Denmark). He researches changing journalistic practice with a particular focus on business models, data, and novel technologies. Kamila Fernandes holds a PhD in Communication Studies from the University of Minho, Portugal. She serves as an adjunct professor and coordinator of the Journalism Course at the Federal University of Ceará. She is also a researcher at the Center for Studies in Communication and Society (CECS), Institute of Social Sciences, University of Minho. Lucia Mesquita is a researcher at the Dublin City University’s School of Communications and Institute for Future Media and Journalism (FuJo), School of Communications within the JOLT Project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Training Network funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020. Before joining DCU, she was an MA student at the School of Social and Political Sciences (ISCSP), University of Lisbon. She was also a journalist, having graduated from Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (Brazil) in 2001. She is investigating the changing political economy of digital journalism and its impact on the plurality and the civic role of journalism. Ramón Salaverría, PhD is Full Professor of Journalism and Associate Dean of Research at the School of Communication, University of Navarra (Pamplona, Spain), where he heads the Digital News Media Research Group. He chaired the Journalism Studies Section of ECREA. Author of over 250 scholarly publications, his research focuses on digital journalism and disinformation, both in national and international comparative studies. His research has been published in top-ranked scientific journals such as Journal of Communication, Digital Journalism, International Communication Gazette, Journalism Studies, and Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, among others. Gabriela Gruszynski Sanseverino is a researcher on “Politics and Ethics of User-Generated Content” at the University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, as part of the JOLT Project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020. She has a BA in Social Communication—Journalism, and a MA in Communication and Information from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil).